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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: urban structures
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ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF VOLUME-DELAY FUNCTIONS IN THE PLANNING MODULE OF THE TRISTAR SYSTEM
PublikacjaTravel time is a measure commonly used for traffic flow modelling and traffic control. It also helps to evaluate the quality of traffic control systems in urban areas. Traffic control systems that use traffic models to predict changes and disruptions in vehicle flows have to use vehicle speed-prediction models. Travel time estimation studies the effects of traffic volumes on a street section at an average speed. The TRISTAR Integrated...
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Social media and efficient computer infrastructure in smart city
PublikacjaSocial media require an efficient infrastructures of computer and communication systems to support a smart city. In a big city, there are several crucial dilemmas with a home and public space planning, a growing population, a global warming, carbon emissions, a lack of key resources like water and energy, and a traffic congestion. In a smart city, we expect an efficient and sustainable transportation, efficient management of resources...
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THE PROBLEM OF AIRFLOW AROUND BUILDINGS CLUSTERS IN DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS
PublikacjaIn the paper, the authors discuss the construction of a model of an exemplary urban layout. Numerical simulation has been performed by means of a commercial software Fluent using two different turbulence models: the popular k-ε realizable one, and the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), which is still being developed. The former is a 2-equations model, while the latter – is a RSM model – that consists of 7 equations. The studies have...
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A Study of Transport Behaviour of Academic Communities
PublikacjaAn important challenge to achieving sustainable university campuses is ensuring that the academic community makes sustainable transport choices. The objective of this study was to investigate the daily commuting patterns, identify the potential for change, and determine the factors and criteria affecting the transport decisions of academic communities of two universities located in Gdansk, Poland. This paper summarizes the results...
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The Undisrupted Growth of the Airbnb Phenomenon between 2014–2020. The Touristification of European Cities before the COVID-19 Outbreak
PublikacjaAs a result of the Airbnb eruption, not only has the character of the short-term rental market been completely transformed, but the decades long growth in tourism has also been further accelerated. Therefore, due to the new demands of the tourism economy, the major shift in the usage of historic city centers occurred–the process of ‘touristification’, that results in the emergence of its new, unsustainable form. Despite the significance...
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Shaping the City Responding to Climate Change – Concept of Development of the Right Bank of the Vistula River in Toruń, Poland,
PublikacjaThe problems of cities of the 21st century are caused by anthropogenic oppression of the environment, through the growth of economic activity and continuous urbanisation, and taking away ecologically important open areas and biologically active areas. Increasingly frequent and sudden rains, strong winds, turbulence and rising world water levels are some of the consequences of climate change that have a direct impact on the functioning...
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
PublikacjaOperation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles...
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Recent advances in traffic optimisation: systematic literature review of modern models, methods and algorithms
PublikacjaOver the past few decades, the increasing number of vehicles and imperfect road traffic management have been sources of congestion in cities and reasons for deteriorating health of its inhabitants. With the help of computer simulations, transport engineers optimise and improve the capacity of city streets. However, with an enormous number of possible simulation types, it is difficult to grasp valuable, innovative solutions which...
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Adaptive system for recognition of sounds indicating threats to security of people and property employing parallel processing of audio data streams
PublikacjaA system for recognition of threatening acoustic events employing parallel processing on a supercomputing cluster is featured. The methods for detection, parameterization and classication of acoustic events are introduced. The recognition engine is based onthreshold-based detection with adaptive threshold and Support Vector Machine classifcation. Spectral, temporal and mel-frequency descriptors are used as signal features. The...
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Change in Heavy Metals Concentrations in Sediments Deposited in Retention Tanks in a Stream after a Flood
PublikacjaOur paper presents the results of heavy metal (HM) (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) content in bottom sediments from retention tanks along Oliwa Stream in Gdańsk, Poland, before a flood (BF) and after a flood (AF) 14-15 July 2016. The flood had a huge impact on the quality of bottom sediments and their displacement. The concentrations of HM differed significantly for research series conducted 3 months BF and 8 months AF. The concentration of Cu...
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Prognostic and diagnostic capabilities of OOBN in assessing investment risk of complex construction projects
PublikacjaModelling decision problems using Bayesian networks is extremely valuable especially in case of issues related to uncertainty; it is also very helpful in constructing and understanding visual representation of the elements and their relations. This approach facilitates subsequent application of Bayesian networks, however there can be situations where using simple Bayesian networks is impractical or even ineffective. The aim of...
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Cycling as a Sustainable Transport Alternative in Polish Cittaslow Towns
PublikacjaIt is well known that growing motor traffic in urban areas causes air pollution and noise which affects the environment and public health. It is hardly surprising then that cycling should be used as an alternative mode of transport, not just in major cities but also in smaller ones including those that are members of the Cittaslow network. Their approach is based on sustainable development, care for the environment and transport...
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Effective density of airborne wear particles from car brake materials
PublikacjaPeople living in urban environments are subject to high health risks due to various anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter, including wear of transport vehicle brakes. Studies of airborne particles often require an estimate of the effective particle density, a property that allows correct matching of mass and size characteristics measured by different aerosol instruments. In this study we investigated the effective...
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Porosity and shape of airborne wear microparticles generated by sliding contact between a low-metallic friction material and a cast iron
PublikacjaThe wear of brakes in transport vehicles is one of the main anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter in urban environments. The present study deals with the characterisation of airborne wear microparticles from a low-metallic friction material / cast iron pair used in car brakes. Particles were generated by a pin-on-disc machine in a sealed chamber at sliding velocity of 1.3 m/s and contact pressure of 1.5 MPa. They...
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Where the Second World War in Europe broke out: the land-scape history of Westerplatte, Gdańsk/Danzig
PublikacjaWesterplatte is known as the place where the Second World War in Europe broke out. However, its history covers many other events involving Polish, German, Russian and even French politics over the last three centuries - neglected by many papers published in the current discussion. Due to its location at the entrance to the main harbour on the Baltic Sea entrance, Wester-platte-Peninsula is cartographically the best-documented part...
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Changes in the structure of Armenia’s labour resources between 1993 and 2020
PublikacjaThe article characterises the structure of Armenia’s labour resources in the period between1993 and 2020. It aims to assess the changes on the Armenian labour market by means of a deductive analysis of historical data and observation of changes in the structure of resources based on generally available macroeconomic data. The authors evaluate these processes against the background of demographic and economic changes, by presenting...
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Detection of the First Component of the Received LTE Signal in the OTDoA Method
PublikacjaIn a modern world there is a growing demand for localization services of various kinds. Position estimation can be realized via cellular networks, especially in the currently widely deployed LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. However, it is not an easy task in harsh propagation conditions which often occur in dense urban environments. Recently, time-methods of terminal localization within the network have been the focus of attention,...
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Occurrence and properties of sulphate reducing bacteria in groundwater in Gdańsk region; Selected methods of elimination.Bakterie redukujące siarczany na ujęciach wód podziemnych w regionie gdańskim.
PublikacjaGdańsk region is situated in the area with good hydrogeological conditions. The ground-water designed for drinking purposes is taken mainly from the Quaternary and addition-ally from Cretaceous aquifers. The urban development and intensive take off have caused the increase of water exploitation and as a consequence of the changes of hydrogeological conditions the deterioration of chemical and bacteriological quality of water has...
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Urban flash flood hazard identification and assessment applying geospatial techniques and hydrodynamic modeling; Erbil city case study, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublikacjaThis dissertation aims to investigate the factors behind flash flooding in Erbil's central district, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and develop a methodology for assessing flood hazards in the city, despite limited data accessibility. In this thesis, each factor was investigated, including analyzing extreme precipitation events in the last two decades, including their spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, intensity,...
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Field Calibration of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors Using Artificial Neural Networks and Affine Response Correction
PublikacjaDue to detrimental effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), its accurate monitoring is of paramount importance, especially in densely populated urban areas. However, precise measurement of PM levels requires expensive and sophisticated equipment. Although low-cost alternatives are gaining popularity, their reliability is questionable, attributed to sensitivity to environmental conditions, inherent instability, and manufacturing...
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Urban city lights. Light pollution as one of the effects of incorrectly designed external illumination. How can a successful lighting masterplan diminish its impact?
PublikacjaIn the modern world, artificial lighting brings many tangible benefits such as the ability to extend working hours and so increase production, recreational use of the city after dark, or the possibility to travel regardless of the time of day. However, this flexibility comes at a price and negatively impacts on the environment. One such negative phenomenon is Light Pollution ‐ a term used to describe excessive nighttime artificial...
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Planning Around Polarisation: Components of Finding Common Ground Based on Regeneration Projects in London and Gdańsk
PublikacjaVarious forms of public participation in urban design and planning—as presented and discussed in literature—have recently been challenged by the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, including those coming from the private sector. This comes with a redefinition of the public good and the roles and responsibilities of municipal authorities in post‐liberal times. As a result, contemporary participatory processes need...
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Contemporary bottom-up tools for public spaces activation. Współczesne oddolne narzędzia aktywizacji przestrzeni publicznych
PublikacjaThis article attempts to figure out the current understanding of public spaces and the contemporary tools for bottom-up activation of public spaces to make them more friendly and functional. The paper investigates contemporary public spaces' challenges and what tools can be used to improve them. In this research, the main issue will be the question: what kind of tools and actions can be offered to maintain the quality of public...
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Creating Dynamic Maps of Noise Threat Using PL-Grid Infrastructure
PublikacjaThe paper presents functionality and operation results of a system for creating dynamic maps of acoustic noise employing the PL-Grid infrastructure extended with a distributed sensor network. The work presented provides a demonstration of the services being prepared within the PLGrid Plus project for measuring, modeling and rendering data related to noise level distribution in city agglomerations. Specific computational environments,...
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Application of Traction Supply System for Charging Electric Cars
PublikacjaThe development of electromobility involves the development of electric cars charging infrastructure. The increase of the number of chargers poses new demands for the AC power grid, especially in regard to its capacity of delivering high peak power. As an alternative for the public AC power grid, urban electrified transportation systems (trams, trolleybuses, and metro) can be used for supplying electric cars chargers. The article...
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The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation
PublikacjaAn important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related...
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An Overview of Sport and the Future Smart Cities
PublikacjaOne of the main challenges for future cities is to strengthen the role of people and their activities. Therefore, sport provides an opportunity to engage in physical activity, connecting citizens to the city. The question of how sport influences the development of cities and the concept of future smart cities arises. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between sport and the concept of smart cities by identifying...
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Does the carbon emissions trading system reduce carbon emissions by promoting two-way FDI in developing countries? Evidence from Chinese listed companies and cities
PublikacjaHow developing countries can effectively promote cities’ carbon emission reduction through the carbon emission trading system (ETS) is a topic worthy of attention in the global carbon reduction campaign. Policy changes in China's ETS provide a unique opportunity to measure whether ETS impacts carbon emissions through two-way FDI. Hence, this paper employs difference-in-differences (DID) method to test the causal impact of ETS...
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Perceived neighborhood disorder and quality of life: The role of the human-place bond, social interactions, and out-group blaming.
PublikacjaFour studies were carried out to examine how neighborhood disorder, human-place bonds, relationships among neighbors, and urban quality of life are related and what role blaming nonresidents plays in these relationships. In the first study, local identity was a significant mediator of the relationship between neighborhood disorder and quality of life. In the second study, we found that participants exposed to vignettes describing...
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IN SEARCH OF A NEW EXHIBITION SPACE
PublikacjaThe buildings considered as raising the prestige and promoting cities are those related to culture. Their impact on urban life is undeniable, which is reflected in a continuous increase in the number of new museum buildings. Apart from places intrinsically linked with culture, which, as such, may be considered as standard - like museum, theatres or galleries - there also appear alternative places of development and promotion of...
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Przegląd Czytelnia
PublikacjaPropozycja czterech publikacji, polecanych jako lektura dla architektów: Czasopismo eVolo z 2010 roku pod tytułem „Skyscrapers od the Future”. Znalazło się w nim m.in. 30 prac przysłanych na światowy konkurs architektoniczny na „najbardziej awangardowe idee dla wertykalnej intensywności” – 09 Skyscraper Competition; (2) „Urban Interventions. Personal Projects in Public Spaces” pod redakcją Roberta Klantena i Matthiasa Hubnera,...
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Evaluation of the energy efficiency of electric vehicle drivetrains under urban operating conditions
PublikacjaIn electric vehicles, as in hybrids vehicles, a very important factor affecting the energy efficiency of the powertrain is the ability to use the regenerative braking energy. Depending on the settings available in electric vehicles, the driver can choose different modes of operation: switch off the regenerative braking mode altogether, select the intensity of regenerative braking, or leave the control system in automatic mode....
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Potential Impact of Waterway Development on Cultural Landscape Values: The Case of the Lower Vistula
PublikacjaThe northern (“lower”) section of the Vistula is on the route of two international waterways—E70 and E40. However, the current condition of the riverbed prevents larger vessels from passing through. Plans for the waterway date back to the beginning of the 20th century. Following Poland’s ratification of the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance in 2017, the general concept has been transformed...
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Influence of an Interview Location on Opinions about the Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees
PublikacjaCollecting opinions regarding environmental management is essential, particularly in urban areas where space is limited, and interests often collide. However, the impact of the conditions in which the research is conducted on opinions and preferences elicited via surveys and interviews about the environment is usually taken for granted. The recent development of computer-aided survey methods allows a simulation of an environment,...
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Exposure to cooking emitted volatile organic compounds with recirculating and extracting ventilation solutions
PublikacjaEnergy-efficient urban development leads to the compact design of apartments. Recirculating ventilation solutions are an attempt to minimize the space required for ventilation ducting, but more data on their performance are needed. Cooking is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. It is necessary to assess how well recirculating kitchen hoods perform in reducing the residents' exposure to cooking fumes compared...
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Rozwój Pucka, Kartuz i Nowego Dworu Gdańskiego w latach 2005-2013 = The development of Puck, Kartuzy and Nowy Dwór Gdański In the years 2005-2013
PublikacjaNa terenie województwa pomorskiego znajdują się 42 miasta. Wśród nich 28 to miejscowości o liczbie do 20 000 mieszkańców. Stanowią one 66% wszystkich miast województwa. Według danych GUS na 2006 rok mieszka w nich 16% całkowitej liczby jego miejskiej ludności.W najbliższym sąsiedztwie Gdańska położone są trzy miasteczka o liczbie ludności w przedziale od 10 000 do 20 000. Są nimi: Puck, Kartuzy i Nowy Dwór Gdański. Choć są one...
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The newest researches and applications of treatment wetlands in sewage sludge management
PublikacjaIn the paper the newest researches and applications of treatment wetlands conducted by re-searchers of Civil and Environmental Faculty are presented. Among others it was proved that this technology could be successfully implemented for highly polluted wastewater treatment. Within the research project two multistage treatment wetlands, one for landfill leachate and the second for reject water from digested sewage sludge centrifugation,...
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Global Approaches to Reduce Light Pollution from Media Architecture and Non-Static, Self-Luminous LED Displays for Mixed-Use Urban Developments
PublikacjaUrban environments have become significantly brighter and more illuminated, and cities now consider media architecture and non-static, self-luminous LED displays an essential element of their strategy to attract residents, visitors, and tourists in the hours after dark. Unfortunately, most often, they are not designed with care, consideration, and awareness, nor do they support the visual wellbeing and circadian rhythms of humans....
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Architektoniczne tożsamości miasta portowego - na przykładach Gdańska i Gdyni oraz Hamburga i Altony
PublikacjaHarbour cities of Northern Europe, especially those growing in the circle of influence of Hanseatic League, were formed in a way, which allows to identify them as the cities of a specific identity considering architecture and urban planning. Industrial revolution of 19-th and early 20-th century brought the radical change in the field of spatial development of the cities. Economical, political, cultural influences, also social...
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Open extensive IoT research and measurement infrastructure for remote collection and automatic analysis of environmental data.
PublikacjaInternet of Things devices that send small amounts of data do not need high bit rates as it is the range that is more crucial for them. The use of popular, unlicensed 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands is fairly legally enforced (transmission power above power limits cannot be increased). In addition, waves of this length are very diffiult to propagate under field conditions (e.g. in urban areas). The market response to these needs are the...
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Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia
PublikacjaTrolleybus transport refers to contemporary challenges related to a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases and CO2 into the atmosphere formulated by international institutions, such as the United Nations, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, or the European Union. Departure from fossil fuels in urban transport is one of the key challenges for the coming years. Trolleybuses are an important tool in this...
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Exploring DAD and ADD Methods for Dealing with Urban Heat Island Effect
PublikacjaThe Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in the context of climate change and temperature fluctuations is an increasing challenge for contemporary cities. Numerous activities focus on mitigation and adaptation to the UHI effect using both appropriately selected design strategies and technological solutions. However, not all of these technologies support the postulates of ecological and low-carbon cities. Their design, implementation,...
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An Impact Analysis of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on Bats. A Case Study of the Historic Monument and Natura 2000 Wisłoujście Fortress in Gdansk, Poland
PublikacjaThe artificial light at night (ALAN) present in many cities and towns has a negative impact on numerous organisms that live alongside humans, including bats. Therefore, we investigated if the artificial illumination of the historic Wisłoujście Fortress in Gdańsk, Poland (part of the Natura 2000 network), during nighttime events, which included an outdoor electronic dance music (EDM) festival, might be responsible for increased...
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Functionalized nanodiamonds as a perspective green carbo-catalyst for removal of emerging organic pollutants
PublikacjaRapid industrial and urban development jointly with rising global population strongly affect the large-scale issues with drinking, groundwater, and surface water pollution. Concerns are not limited to environmental issues but also human health impact becoming serious global aspect. Organic pollution becomes a primarily serious hazard, therefore, the novel sophisticated approaches to treat them are thoroughly investigated. Among...
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Determinants and effects of Poland’s road accidents in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development – poviat level analysis for the years 2010-2019
PublikacjaThe objective of the research was to assess how selected factors influence road safety in Poland’s poviats. To that end, an analysis was conducted of road accident determinants and effects in the poviats in the years 2010-2019. The time horizon fits in with Goal 3.6. of Agenda 2030, which is to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020. The article pres-ents the analysis results for the...
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Feature Weighted Attention-Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Model for Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images
PublikacjaIn remote sensing images, change detection (CD) is required in many applications, such as: resource management, urban expansion research, land management, and disaster assessment. Various deep learning-based methods were applied to satellite image analysis for change detection, yet many of them have limitations, including the overfitting problem. This research proposes the Feature Weighted Attention (FWA) in Bidirectional Long...
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STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
PublikacjaA contemporary road vehicle (RV) is a rather complex system, consisting of a large number of subsystems, assemblies, units, and elements (parts). While operating, an RV interacts with the environment, and its elements interact with each other. Consequently, the properties (parameters) of these elements change in the process - hardness, roughness, size, relative position, gapping, etc. A partial solution to the presented problems...
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Dzielnica Reprezentacyjna Gdyni i jej powojenne oraz współczesne interpretacje
PublikacjaThe concept of the Premiere District in Gdynia was first conceived in the 1920s and from that time on it constantly accompanied the history of the city. It derivated from the idea of creating a symbol of Poland's regaining independence after the first World War and the successful creation of the new port and city on the Baltic coast. As the result of that development, Gdynia was named the maritime capital of Poland and was treated...
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Zmiany przestrzenne w miastach wywołane pandemią COVID-19 a przestrzenny wymiar rewitalizacji.
PublikacjaThe COVID-19 pandemic affects every aspect of the modern world on a global and local scale. Part of the fight against the virus was, among other things, limiting the possibility of movement. In cities, this has resulted in a focus on the spatial aspects of the urbanized environment. The article aims to analyse spontaneous actions taken in cities to mitigate the effects of a pandemic concerning strategic activities...
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Path integrals formulations leading to propagator evaluation for coupled linear physics in large geometric models
PublikacjaReformulating linear physics using second kind Fredholm equations is very standard practice. One of the straightforward consequences is that the resulting integrals can be expanded (when the Neumann expansion converges) and probabilized, leading to path statistics and Monte Carlo estimations. An essential feature of these algorithms is that they also allow to estimate propagators for all types of sources, including initial conditions....