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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: trade and economic growth
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Impact of the Manufacturing Sector on the Export Competitiveness of European Countries – a Spatial Panel Analysis
PublikacjaThe purpose of this paper is to determine how changes in the export competitiveness of the EU economy (measured by exports and net exports) depend on changes in the competitiveness of processing industries, on the basis of manufacturing data from 19 EU countries over years 1995-2009 and using a spatial panel data model. The determinants of export competitiveness are selected in the light of predictions from international trade...
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CEE Trade in Services: Value-Added Versus Gross Terms Approaches
PublikacjaThis article assesses the impact of the determinants of service exports in both value-added terms and gross terms for seven Central Eastern European economies in 1995–2011. The results confirm the importance of increasing labor productivity and highly skilled and medium-skilled workers in the growth of trade in services. Exports of services are also supported by linkages between domestic services, especially business services,...
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Economic Integration and Foreign Direct Investment: Review of Main Theoretical Concepts
PublikacjaThe objective of the article is to present key theoretical relationships between economic integration and FDI flows. The research method used is a comprehensive literature review. Most influential publications, including books, articles, working papers, etc. contributing to the subject were identified. The review consists of two essential parts: theory of FDI, and theoretical relationships between economic integration and FDI flows....
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Free trade with the former COMECON Countries as Unequal Exchange
PublikacjaTwo authors of this chapter were born to the East of what was once The Iron Curtain and two to the West. From both angles, the two systems – capitalism and communism – seemed to be as contrary to each other as possible. Few people are aware that in terms of industrial and trade policy, both classical capitalism and communism had a common root in the theories of German economist Friedrich List (1789-1846) (List, 1841). In fact,...
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Conditions of Iranian international trade in terms of lifting the sanctions: A case study of Polish-Iranian trade perspectives
PublikacjaThe main aim of the paper is to identify the areas and determine the feasibility of trade between Polish and Iranian companies in relation to historical and cultural conditions. The authors describe the complexity of the issue of foreign trade, the determinants of relations between Poland and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Iranian economy – its features, strengths and weaknesses, and consequences of the recent UN, EU, and...
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Workers, Firms and Task Heterogeneity in International Trade Analysis: An Example of Wage Effects of Trade Within GVC.
PublikacjaObjective: The main aim of this article is to present how the heterogeneity of workers, firms, and tasks can be incorporated into empirical international trade analysis. In particular, we provide an empirical example in which we aim to quantify the reliance on foreign value added (FVA) within Global Value Chains (GVC) on wages. Research Design & Methods: We estimate a Mincerian wage model augmented with a measure of foreign value...
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Empirical investigation on labour market interactions in an enlarged Europe
PublikacjaThis paper proposes an empirical assessment of economic interactions between the labour markets ofthe integrating EU over the period of time 1995-2005. Drawing on recently made available industrystatistics, we provide a sector level study (13 tradable sectors, including manufacturing and services),analysing the contemporary evolution of domestic and trade partners' employment levels. Given theintensification of trade relations...
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Export diversification and economic development: a dynamic spatial data analysis
PublikacjaThis paper contributes to the empirical literature on the relationship between ‘export variety’ (export diversification) and economic development by relaxing the assumption of cross-country independence and allowing for spatial diffusion of shocks in observed and unobserved factors. Export variety is measured for a balanced panel of 114 countries (1992-2012) using very detailed information on their exports (HS 6-digit product...
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Trade in value added of countries involved in TTIP: EU-USA comparison
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to present key facts concerning trade in the value added of those countries participating in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). In particular, we describe how involvement in global production networks (GPN) varies across EU countries with respect to the United States.
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The Opening of Central and Eastern European Countries to Free Trade: A Critical Assessment
PublikacjaThree decades after the fall of the Berlin wall and one and a half decades after the Big Bang enlargement of the European Union (2004-2007), we revisit contrasting narratives about the benefit of both free trade and the EU enlargement for Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. We distinguish old, pre-2004 EU countries from CEE countries that joined the EU in 2004-2007, as well as from the CEE countries that have not become...
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The evolving structure of Polish exports (1994-2010) - diversification of products and trade partners.
PublikacjaThis paper presents empirical evidence on the diversification process concerning Polish exports (1994–2010), compared to European and global samples of countries. It analyzes both the commodity structure of Polish trade and the geographical diversification of Poland’s trading partners. The analysis draws on highly disaggregated data on exports (HS 6 digit) and combines descriptive analysis with non-parametric, semi-parametric and...
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Skilled-Unskilled Wage Gap Versus Evolving Trade And Labour Market Structures in the EU
PublikacjaThis paper proposes an alternative approach to the empirical study of wage gap between workers with different educational levels in the enlarged EU. The analysis is based on sectoral database, linking labor market statistics and trade data at the level of 12 manufacturing sectors in a group of 20 European countries: selected New Member States (NMS-5) and former EU-15 economies, in the period 1995-2005. The results of the empirical...
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The spatial planning of industrial areas in an urbanized area for cargo, in the development of inland waterway transport
PublikacjaSpatial planning, taking into account the configuration of the surface, i.e. its shape (relief) and the presence and mutual location of objects and points of characteristic water ports, is a derivative of several natural, economic, market, technical, social and political factors. It depends on the destination port, the planned structure of trade in cargo, the forecasted traffic of ships, passageways, the technology of reloading...
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International trade and containerization - certain trends after the financial crisis of 2007-2008
PublikacjaThe following article presents the situation on international trade and the global maritime container transport market after the financial crisis of 2007-2008. In the first part the author focuses on describing the specifics of containerization in global trade. The following parts include characteristic of container terminal operators and shipping lines. Finally, significant changes in the global container handling market after...
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The Dynamics of Trade Relations between Ukraine and Romania: Modelling and Forecasting
PublikacjaThe article examines the monthly dynamics of exports, imports and balance of trade between Ukraine and Romania in the period from 2005 to 2021. Time series from 2015 to 2021 were used for modelling and forecasting (since the date the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement took effect). Adequate models of the dynamics series of the Box-Jenkins methodology were built: additive models with seasonal component ARIMA (Autoregressive...
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Trade-offs in multiparty Bell-inequality violations in qubit networks
PublikacjaTwo overlapping bipartite binary input Bell inequalities cannot be simultaneously violated as this would contradict the usual no-signalling principle. This property is known as monogamy of Bell inequality violations and generally Bell monogamy relations refer to trade-offs between simultaneous violations of multiple inequalities. It turns out that multipartite Bell inequalities admit weaker forms of monogamies that allow for violations...
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SDGs implementation, their synergies, and trade-offs in EU countries – Sensitivity analysis-based approach
PublikacjaSustainable development is one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity. Its basic principle is to improve people’s well-being and maintain it over time. In 2015, the United Nations approved 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to ensure a better and sustainable future for all, balancing economic, social and environmental development. SDGs create an ‘indivisible whole’; thus, examining their interactions is crucial. Our...
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The impact of China’s One-Belt One-Road initiative on international trade and global value chains
PublikacjaThis study examines the potential effects of China’s ‘One-Belt One-Road’initiative (OBOR) on trade flows and global value chain (GVC) connections.The empirical analysis is based on the augmented trade gravity model, which comprises 186 economies and 199 of their partners from 2000 to 2018. We also estimate the gravity model for involvement in GVC (domestic value added in intermediate exports, foreign value added in exports, and...
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INWESTYCJE A ZATRUDNIENIE W POLSCE W PERSPEKTYWIE FINANSOWE 2007-2013
PublikacjaNakłady inwestycyjne przedsiębiorstw traktowane są jako jeden z głównych czynników wzrostu gospodarczego. Ich wielkość i dynamika mogą mieć wpływ na zmiany w poziomie zatrudnienia. Światowy kryzys finansowy przyczynił się do spowolnienia dynamiki wzrostu oraz gwałtownego spadku w 2009 roku PKB w większości gospodarek świata. We wspomnianym okresie w Polsce zaobserwowano spowolnienie gospodarcze, które miało wpływ na decyzje...
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Trade of the European Union with the Post-Soviet Republics of Central Asia in the Second Decade of the 21st Century
Publikacja.The article presents the European Union's trade with five Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kigistan and Uzbekistan in the two decades of the 21st century.
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EU-Turkey Customs Union and Bilateral Foreign Direct Investment Flows
PublikacjaMain aim of this text is presentation of the effects of customs union between the European Union and turkey on bilateral FDI flows in light of the theory of linkages between economic integration and FDI flows. First section of the text is a survey of main theoretical links between economic integration and FDI flows. Second section focuses on the history and scope of the customs union. Third and fourth sections are empirical and...
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The role of the One-Belt One-Road initiative in China's exports and global value chains
PublikacjaResearch background: China is regarded as the “world factory” highly involved in international trade and plays an increasingly important role in the global value chains (GVC). Additionally, the “One-Belt One-Road” (OBOR) initiative was proposed by the Chinese government to further promote China in the international market. Purpose of the article: The article explores the role of the OBOR in China’s exports and global value...
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The convergence of gender wage differences - myth or fact - multi country multi sector analysis
PublikacjaThe Becker’s theory of discrimination predicts that in the long run the gender wage differences should disappear. In our empirical analysis we verify the testable implications of this mode considering the hypothesis of gender wage gap convergence. The study takes into account 31 sectors in 13 European countries for the period between 1970 and 2005. We distinguish between wages paid to different groups of workers classified according...
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Bibliometric approach to tracking the concept of international competitiveness
PublikacjaThe main aim of paper is to identify the growth pattern in the international competitiveness literature, its core publications and key research domains on the basis of bibliometric data from the years 1945–2015. Citation data is collected from the ISI Web of Science Website, Scopus and Google Scholar, and analysed using HistCite, Pajek and VOSviewer software. Bibliometric indicators, network citation, key-route path methods and...
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DETERMINANTY WZROSTU POLSKIEGO EKSPORTU PRZEMYSŁU PRZETWÓRCZEGO – ANALIZA DŁUGOOKRESOWA
PublikacjaGłównym celem artykułu było określenie determinant eksportu polskiego przemysłu przetwórczego na podstawie danych pochodzących z 13 podsekcji przetwórstwa przemysłowego wyodrębnionych zgodnie z NACE 1.1. Analiza z wykorzystaniem modelu ECM objęła lata 1995–2011 i została przeprowadzona dwutorowo – dla całej sekcji przemysłu przetwórczego oraz dla poszczególnych jego podsekcji. Autorki zbadały, jak popyt zagraniczny, popyt krajowy,...
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Hold-Up Problems in International Gas Trade: A Case Study
PublikacjaThe infrastructure required for international natural gas trade is considerable, which often leads to hold-up problems and supply disruptions. This study discusses disruptions of gas supply from Algeria, Indonesia, Russia, and Turkmenistan since the early 1980s. The novelty of this study is its focus on the issues related to transit countries, which are rarely considered in the literature. The results of the study classify supply...
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Tax Evasion, Tax Morale, and Trade Regulations: Company-Level Evidence from Poland
PublikacjaObjective: To investigate the determinants of the phenomenon of evading taxes among polish entrepreneurs. In particular, I examine such factors as tax administration satisfaction, tax morale, tax burden, and the influence of trade regulations. Research Design & Methods: A survey study conducted in 2017 in Poland among 454 enterprises. I used the zero-inflated negative binomial modelling technique to examine the impact of factors...
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Downlink Capacity-Coverage Trade-off Estimation Based on Measurement of WCDMA/FDD Interface Load
PublikacjaThe method of capacity-coverage trade-off determination by using of universal load characteristics and normalized coverage curves for the WCDMA/FDD radio interface has been presented. The practical applications of discussed method for UMTS radio network planning process and network exploitation has been mentioned.
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Konkurencyjność międzynarodowa z uwzględnieniem mechanizmu autokonkurencji – aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne
PublikacjaW licznych publikacjach na temat konkurencyjności międzynarodowej nie został, mimo ich mnogości, jednoznacznie określony obszar badawczy, a w wypadku pomiaru jej poziomu - opracowane metodologie są często krytykowane przez ekonomistów. Powszechnie utożsamia się konkurencyjność międzynarodową z produktywnością, co budzi wątpliwości licznych adwersarzy, podważających zasadność prowadzenia jakichkolwiek badań w tym obszarze. W artykule...
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Bandwidth-size design trade-offs for compact spline-parameterised patch couplers by means of electromagnetic-driven multi-objective optimisation
PublikacjaBroad bandwidth and small size are the key performance figures for contemporary microwave couplers. These requirements are conflicting, i.e. improvement of one generally leads to degradation of the other assuming fixed topology of the circuit at hand. From a designer's perspective, the knowledge about available design trade-offs is indispensable as it permits for tailoring the circuit for particular applications as well as comparing...
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Extended investigation of performance-energy trade-offs under power capping in HPC environments
Publikacja—In the paper we present investigation of performance-energy trade-offs under power capping using modern processors. The results are presented for systems targeted at both server and client markets and were collected from Intel Xeon E5 and Intel Xeon Phi server processors as well as from desktop and mobile Intel Core i7 processors. The results, when using power capping, show that we can find various interesting combinations of...
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Constrained optimization for generating gain-bandwidth design trade-offs of wideband unidirectional antennas
PublikacjaBroadband unidirectional antennas realised in microstrip technology find applications in many wireless communication systems. One of their design challenges is the necessity of handling multiple performance figures which is difficult when using traditional design methods, largely based on parameter sweeping. This work presents a simple optimisation-based framework that permits generation of gain-bandwidth trade-off designs for...
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Export Diversification and Development - Empirical Assessment
PublikacjaThis paper assesses the role played by country specific factors as determinants of exports' diversification process. Using a panel data-set for 60 countries and twenty years (1985-2004) we confirm that even after clearing out differences in income per capita, cross section variability in the degree of exports' diversification is significant. In general, apart from per capita income, variables influencing the size of accessible...
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What determines export diversification in the development process? Empirical assessment.
PublikacjaThis paper assesses the role played by country-specific factors as determinants of relative export diversification. Using a panel data set for 60 countries and 20 years (1985–2004), we confirm that even after clearing out differences in income per capita, cross-country variability in the degree of export diversification is significant. In general, apart from per capita income, features influencing the size of accessible markets...
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Parametric method for evaluating optimal ship deadweight
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of choosing the optimal value of the cargo ships deadweight. The method may be useful at the stage of establishing the main owners requirements concerning the ship design parameters as well as for choosing a proper ship for a given transportation task. The deadweight is determined on the basis of a selected economic measure of the transport effectiveness of ship – the Required Freight Rate (RFR). The...
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Patch size setup and performance/cost trade-offs in multi-objective antenna optimization using domain patching technique
PublikacjaA numerical study concerning multi-objective optimization of antenna structures using sequential domain patching (SDP) technique has been presented. We investigate the effect of various setups of the patch size on the operation of the SDP algorithm and possible trade-offs concerning the quality of the Pareto set found by SDP and the computational cost of the optimization process. Our considerations are illustrated using a UWB monopole...
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Zastosowanie trendów przełącznikowych w analizie płac realnych w Polsce
PublikacjaStreszczenie W początkowej części artykułu zostały przedstawione i omówione informacje o poziomie miesięcznych nominalnych płac (WN) oraz indeksie cen dóbr konsumpcyjnych (ICK) w gospodarce polskiej w latach 1995-2015. Następnie opisano poziomy realnych płac (W) wyrażone w cenach roku 2015. Na bazie tych informacji przedstawiono i przedyskutowano zagadnienia dotyczące rocznych przyrostów płac realnych oraz ich rocznych stóp wzrostu....
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Expedite EM-driven generation of Pareto-optimal trade-off curves for variable-turn on-chip inductors
PublikacjaThis work presents a novel approach to computationally efficient Pareto front identification for variable-turn on-chip inductors. The final outcome is a set of solutions that correspond to the best trade-offs between conflicting design objectives. Here, we consider minimising inductor area and, simultaneously, maximising its quality factor, while maintaining a specified inductance value at a given operating frequency. As opposed...
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Multi-fidelity aerodynamic design trade-off exploration using point-by-point Pareto set identification
PublikacjaAerodynamic design is inherently a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. Determining the best possible trade-offs between conflicting aerodynamic objectives can be computationally challenging when carried out directly at the level of high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations. This paper presents a computationally cheap methodology for exploration of aerodynamic design trade-offs. In particular, point-by-point...
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Parametrical Method for Determining Optimal Ship Carrying Capacity and Performance of Handling Equipment
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of evaluating the optimal value of the cargo ships deadweight and the coupled optimal value of cargo handling capacity. The method may be useful at the stage of establishing the main owners requirements concerning the ship design parameters as well as for choosing a proper second hand ship for a given transportation task. The deadweight and the capacity are determined on the basis of a selected economic...
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Strategien der NSZZ Solidarność. Ein kurzer Abriss über bewährte Verfahrensweisen
PublikacjaDuring the recent years, the difficulties faced by trade unions to maintain their representation base and capacity to regulate employment relations have provoked numerous discussions. The issue of declining trade union membership, as well as density, has been repeatedly addressed by major trade unions including NSZZ “S”.
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Time versus space trade-offs for randezvous in trees
PublikacjaTwo identical (anonymous) mobile agents start from arbitrary nodes of an unknown tree and have to meet at some node. Agents move in synchronous rounds: in each round an agent can either stay at the current node or move to one of its neighbors. We consider deterministic algorithms for this rendezvous task. The main result of this paper is a tight trade-off between the optimal time of completing rendezvous and the size of memory...
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Modeling and Simulation for Exploring Power/Time Trade-off of Parallel Deep Neural Network Training
PublikacjaIn the paper we tackle bi-objective execution time and power consumption optimization problem concerning execution of parallel applications. We propose using a discrete-event simulation environment for exploring this power/time trade-off in the form of a Pareto front. The solution is verified by a case study based on a real deep neural network training application for automatic speech recognition. A simulation lasting over 2 hours...
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Threats to Armenia’s Security in the National Strategy and Practice with Special Emphasis on External Security,
PublikacjaThe national security strategy adopted in 2007 provided a detailed definition of security and identified its threats. The key threat to the Armenian state was considered to be the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The document indicated the Collective Security Treaty Organisation main guarantor of security, with Russia being Armenia’s main partner in bilateral relations. The second position in the strategy was assigned to cooperation...
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ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА И ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА
PublikacjaПосле получения независимости в начале 90-х годов XX в. Республика Азербайджан подписала более пятидесяти договоров с международными организациями. В 1991 г. государство установило контакты с Европейским союзом в ходе реализации проектов в рамках программы TACIS, предназначенной для стран СНГ. Экономические контакты между партнерами активизировались, благодаря подписанию и вступлению в силу в 1999 г. Соглашения о партнерстве и...
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WHAT DRIVES CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN EXPORT VARIETY? A BILATERAL PANEL APPROACH
PublikacjaA worldwide event like the 2020 Coronavirus outbreak can only reinforce the interest in modelling trade diversification as a key factor in countries’ vulnerability to external shocks. This paper adopts a detailed relative framework to study the determinants of product-level export variety in a large bilateral panel of developing and developed economies (16,770 country pairs in the period 1988–2014). We find that country pairs characterized...
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Working Conditions in the Context of Global Value Chains and Routinisation: An Example of Polish Workers
PublikacjaThe paper aims to explore the linkages between global production fragmentation, routinisation and the well-being of workers in Poland. In particular, the focus is placed on the selected measures of working conditions, such as the social environment, work intensity, and working time quality to examine their dependence on involvement in international trade and the routinisation level. We merge individual data describing the working...
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Coastline change-detection method using remote sensing satellite observation data
PublikacjaCoastal zones are not only the fundaments for local economics based on trade, shipping and transport services, but also a source of food, energy and resources. Apart from offering diverse opportunities for recreation and tourism, coastal zones provide protection against storms and other meteorological disturbances. Environmental information is also essential because of the direct influence on a country’s maritime zones, which are...
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Preprzedsiębiorczość
PublikacjaKsiążka składa się z czterech rozdziałów, poprzedzonych wstępem i zwieńczonych częścią podsumowującą całość. Rozdział pierwszy nakreśla tło dla dalszych rozważań. W rozdziale tym wyodrębniono trzy zasadnicze ujęcia: ujęcie ekonomiczne, ujęcie psychologiczne oraz socjologiczno-kulturowe. W dalszej części tego rozdziału przeanalizowano związki między przedsiębiorczością a wzrostem gospodarczym. Wskazano także mniej znane kierunki...
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Analyzing energy/performance trade-offs with power capping for parallel applications on modern multi and many core processors
PublikacjaIn the paper we present extensive results from analyzing energy/performance trade-offs with power capping observed on four different modern CPUs, for three different parallel applications such as 2D heat distribution, numerical integration and Fast Fourier Transform. The CPU tested represent both multi-core type CPUs such as Intel⃝R Xeon⃝R E5, desktop and mobile i7 as well as many-core Intel⃝R Xeon PhiTM x200 but also server, desktop...