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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: dual biogas/biochar
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Robustly feasible integral LQ-MPC controller for output tracking in constrained linear systems
PublikacjaW pracy rozważany jest regulator predykcyjny typu dual-mode MPC z liniowo kwadratowym wskaźnikiem jakości w aplikacji do krzepkiego śledzenia wyjść liniowego obiektu dyskretnego w obecności addytywnych zakłóceń. W celu zapewnienia dopuszczalności sterowań regulatora wykorzystano teorię zbiorów niezmienniczych. W celu polepszenia śledzenia wyjść i odrzucenia zakłóceń w regulatorze wykorzystano działanie całkujące (integral control)....
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Advancing Urban Transit: Gepard and CAR projects - Innovations in Trolleybus Technology
PublikacjaThe Gepard project in Gdynia, Poland, revolutionized the city's trolleybus network with the introduction of “Trolleybus 2.0” vehicles and an innovative charging system. “Trolleybus 2.0” vehicles combine features of traditional trolleybuses and electric buses boasting traction batteries for autonomous driving and dual legal approval. Statistical analysis of energy consumption informed the development of a hybrid charging concept,...
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Sensorless Multiscalar Control of Five-Phase Induction Machine with Inverter Output Filter
PublikacjaThe paper presents a complete solution for speed sensorless control system for five-phase induction motor with voltage inverter, LC filter and nonlinear control of combined fundamental and third harmonic flux distribution. The control principle, also known as multiscalar control, nonlinear control or natural variables control, is based on a use of properly selected scalar variables in control feedback to linearize controlled system....
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Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems
PublikacjaThe use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating...
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Single-step grown boron doped nanocrystalline diamond-carbon nanograss hybrid as an efficient supercapacitor electrode
PublikacjaDirect synthesis of nano-structured carbon hybrid consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanograss on top of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond is demonstrated and the carbon hybrid is further applied as an electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitor. The hybrid film combines the dual advantages of sp2 (carbon nanograss) and sp3 (nanocrystalline diamond) bonded carbon, possessing not only the excellent electrical...
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Uniform sampling in constrained domains for low-cost surrogate modeling of antenna input characteristics
PublikacjaIn this letter, a design of experiments technique that permits uniform sampling in constrained domains is proposed. The discussed method is applied to generate training data for construction of fast replacement models (surrogates) of antenna input characteristics. The modeling process is design-oriented with the surrogate domain spanned by a set of reference designs optimized with respect to the performance figures and/or operating...
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Micellar Route of the Synthesis of Alkyl Xylosides: An Unexpected Effect of Amphiphilic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
PublikacjaThis manuscript presents results from the investigation on the synthesis of alkyl xylosides by the novel, very efficient and promising protocol of the Fischer synthesis from unprotected xylose and aliphatic alcohol. The use of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids as the catalysts with dual functionality (surfactant + acid catalyst) and micellar reaction system are the main novelty of described method. It has...
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Optimizing CO2 Purification in a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant
PublikacjaIn the pursuit of mitigating CO2 emissions, this study investigates the optimisation of CO2 purification within a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant using a spray ejector condenser (SEC) coupled with a separator. The approach involves direct-contact condensation of vapour, primarily composed of an inert gas (CO2), facilitated by a subcooled liquid spray. A comprehensive analysis is presented, employing a numerical model to simulate...
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Measures of Functional Reliability of Two-Lane Highways
PublikacjaRural two-lane highways are the most common road type both in Poland and globally. In terms of kilometres, their length is by far greater than that of motorways and expressways. They are roads of one carriageway for each direction, which makes the overtaking of slower vehicles possible only when there is a gap in the stream of traffic moving from the opposite direction. Motorways and express roads are dual carriageways that are...
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Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plants. Part B: Prosumer and Distributed Power Industry
PublikacjaAn analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. A new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet has been described in the paper. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied, and in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points. The proposed cycle equipped with an effective heat exchanger could...
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Influence of User Mobility on System Loss and Depolarization in a BAN Indoor Scenario
PublikacjaIn this article, an analysis of system loss and depolarization in body area networks (BANs) for body-toinfrastructure (B2I) communications based on a measurement campaign in the 5.8 GHz band in an indoor environment is performed. Measurements were performed with an off-body antenna transmitting linearly polarized signals and dual-polarized receiving antennas carried by the user on the body. A normal distribution with a mean of...
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Accelerated Re-Design of Antenna Structures Using Sensitivity-Based Inverse Surrogates
PublikacjaThe paper proposes a novel framework for accelerated re-design (dimension scaling) of antenna structures using inverse surrogates. The major contribution of the work is a sensitivity-based model identification procedure, which permits a significant reduction of the number of reference designs required to render the surrogate. Rigorous formulation of the approach is supplemented by its comprehensive numerical validation using a...
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Modified Preisach model of hysteresis in multi air gap ferrite core medium frequency transformer
PublikacjaThis article presents the modified Preisach model of hysteresis for a 3-phase medium frequency transformer in a 100 kW dual active bridge converter. The transformer magnetic core is assembled out of ferrite I-cores, which results in multiple parasitic air gaps. For this transformer, the hysteresis loops were measured and parameters of the Preisach model were determined. The Preisach distribution function is approximated with a...
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Polarimetric studies of L-arginine-doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals
PublikacjaConoscopic interference patterns, channelled spectra and polarimetric techniques have been used for the characterization of pure and doped (with L-arginine amino acid) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals. Experimental polarimetric data have been obtained for the frequently used wavelength of 633 nm and for two close wavelengths of 532 and 543 nm in a high-accuracy dual-wavelength polarimeter. The measurement of...
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Reduced-Cost Microwave Design Closure by Multi-Resolution EM Simulations and Knowledge-Based Model Management
PublikacjaParameter adjustment through numerical optimization has become a commonplace of contemporary microwave engineering. Although circuit theory methods are ubiquitous in the development of microwave components, the initial designs obtained with such tools have to be further tuned to improve the system performance. This is particularly pertinent to miniaturized structures, where the cross-coupling effects cannot be adequately accounted...
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Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis as a tool for monitoring methanogenic archaea changes in an anaerobic digester
PublikacjaThe applicability of a newly-designed PCR primer pair in examination of methanogenic Archaea in a digester treating plant biomass was evaluated by Ribosmal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA). To find a suitable approach, three variants of RISA were tested: (1) standard, polyacrylamide gel-based, (2) automated, utilized capillary electrophoresis (GA-ARISA), and (3) automated microfluidics-based (MF-ARISA). All three techniques yielded...
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Deep eutectic solvents – Ideal solution for clean air or hidden danger?
PublikacjaThe industrial sector is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gases, due to its excessive energy consumption to meet the rapidly growing demand for energy-intensive products. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been studied extensively in order to cope with these harmful gases, but their usage can be an issue in respect to ecological reasons. Do deep eutectic solvents harm the atmosphere? Yes, these solvents...
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Expedited Design Closure of Antennas By Means Of Trust-Region-Based Adaptive Response Scaling
PublikacjaIn the letter, a reliable procedure for expedited design optimization of antenna structures by means of trust-region adaptive response scaling (TR-ARS) is proposed. The presented approach exploits two-level electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. A predicted high-fidelity model response is obtained by applying nonlinear frequency and amplitude correction to the low-fidelity model. The surrogate created this way is iteratively rebuilt...
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Comprehensive dimension scaling of multi-band antennas for operating frequencies and substrate parameters
PublikacjaIn this paper, low-cost and comprehensive redesign of multi-band antennas with respect to the operating frequencies and material parameters of the substrate is presented. Our approach exploits an inverse surrogate model identified based on a set of reference designs optimized at the level of coarse-discretization EM simulations of the antenna at hand. An iterative correction procedure is also implemented to account for the initial...
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Fast bubble dynamics and sizing
PublikacjaSingle bubble sizing is usually performed by measuring the resonant bubble response using the Dual Frequency Ultrasound Method. However, in practice, the use of millisecond-duration chirp-like waves yields nonlinear distortions of the bubble oscillations. In comparison with the resonant curve obtained under harmonic excitation, it was observed that the bubble dynamic response shifted by up to 20 percent of the resonant frequency...
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Detection of moving objects in images combined from video and thermal cameras
PublikacjaAn algorithm for detection of moving objects in video streams from the monitoring cameras is presented. A system composed of a standard video camera and a thermal camera, mounted in close proximity to each other, is used for object detection. First, a background subtraction is performed in both video streams separately, using the popular Gaussian Mixture Models method. For the next processing stage, the authors propose an algorithm...
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Single-phase power electronics transformer with active functions for smart grid
PublikacjaThis paper presents the control of one cell of a modular single-phase power electronics transformer with active functions for meeting the smart grid concept. In this way, the converter could be used not only as a conventional transformer but also for grid such as reactive power, harmonic elimination and energy storage. The topology of the cell is composed by a bidirectional converter with three stages: a half bridge in the input...
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Determination of equivalent axle load factors with the use of strain energy of distortion
PublikacjaThe paper proposes a new method for calculation of equivalent axle load factors based on the analysis of strain energy of distortion induced in road pavements by traffic loads. The main advantage of the method is the more accurate calculation of the effects of multiple axles and super single versus dual tyres. The methodconsiders the location of critical points, at which strain energy of distortion reaches extreme values. When...
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The potential of web awareness as a determinant of dually defined customer value
PublikacjaIn the conditions of increasing demand barrier, the enterprise’s basic capital is customers. From an enterprise point of view, this means the need to create a dual perceived and defined customer value which remains related to market value (income and development potential) and customer resource value (reference, information and cooperative potential). The progressing digitisation process transfers business processes, and thus relationships, into...
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Przegląd systemów ładowania elektrycznych osobowych pojazdów i koncepcja dwukierunkowej ładowarki pokładowej
PublikacjaAktualnie trwa intensywny rozwój pojazdów elektrycznych (EV) i hybrydowych typu plug-in (PHEV) z pokładowymi bateriami akumulatorów. Badania w tej dziedzinie skupiają się na maksymalizowaniu sprawności oraz minimalizowaniu masy i objętości systemów ładowania baterii. W artykule przedstawiono podział systemów ładowania osobowych pojazdów typu EV/PHEV. Opisano systemy ładowania przewodowego z podziałem na ładowarki pokładowe i zewnętrzne, systemy...
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Charakterystyka eksploatacyjna pomp ciepła zainstalowanych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę eksploatacyjną sprężarkowych pomp ciepła zainstalowanych w oczyszczalni komunalnej i wykorzystujących ścieki oczyszczone jako dolne źródło ciepła. Zastosowanie ścieków oczyszczonych jest uzasadnione ich dostępnością oraz stosunkowo wysoką temperaturą (10-25°C). Prawidłowa eksploatacja układu wymaga zastosowania pośredniego obiegu parowacza oraz regularnych zabiegów czyszczenia wymiennika...
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Computer Simulation in Predicting Biochemical Processes and Energy Balance at WWTPs
PublikacjaNowadays, the use of mathematical models and computer simulation allow analysis of many different technological solutions as well as testing various scenarios in a short time and at low financial budget in order to simulate the scenario under typical conditions for the real system and help to find the best solution in design or operation process. The aim of the study was to evaluate different concepts of biochemical processes and...
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Conversion of waste biomass to designed and tailored activated chars with valuable properties for adsorption and electrochemical applications
PublikacjaWaste biomass, a renewable energy source, is inexpensive material that has great potential in sorp-tion and electrochemical application. The selected waste materials (corncobs, coconut shells, wal-nuts, and pistachio husks) allow to close the production cycle and enable material recycling, which are important aspects in the hierarchy of waste management. The proposed methodology for pro-duction and activation of biochars can be...
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Catalysts for advanced oxidation processes: Deep eutectic solvents-assisted synthesis – A review
PublikacjaNew catalyst synthesis techniques, including green materials, are extensively studied for heterogeneous photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on spotlight of sustainable development. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) started to be used in this field as environmentally friendly alternative to ionic liquids (ILs). During the catalyst synthesis, DESs can act as stabilizers, capping agents, structure directing agents, templates,...
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Suppression of distortions in signals received from Doppler sensor for vehicle speed measurement
PublikacjaDoppler sensors are commonly used for movement detection and speed measurement. However, electromagnetic interference and imperfections in sensor construction result in degradation of the signal to noise ratio. As a result, detection of signals reflected from moving objects becomes problematic. The paper proposes an algorithm for reduction of distortions and noise in the signal received from a simple, dual-channel type of a Doppler...
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Reliable Multi-Stage Optimization of Antennas for Multiple Performance Figures in Highly-Dimensional Parameter Spaces
PublikacjaDesign of modern antenna structures needs to account for multiple performance figures and geometrical constraints. Fulfillment of these calls for the development of complex topologies described by a large number of parameters. EM-driven tuning of such designs is mandatory yet immensely challenging. In this letter, a new framework for multi-stage design optimization of multi-dimensional antennas with respect to several performance...
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TIME-AND-SPACE STRUCTURE OF FORCE-DRIVEN RIGID SPHEREWAVEFIELD
PublikacjaThis paper introduces a time-domain, causality-inspired description of a vector-source acoustic wavefield of arbitrary time evolution, where a sphere is a practical realisation of quasi-point contact surface without which a point force would not be able to exert an impact onto non-viscous fluid. At every space location, the resulting acoustic field is described by a pair of physical variables characterising the time evolution of...
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Enhancing electrochemical properties of an ITO-coated lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensor by electrodeposition of PEDOT:PSS
PublikacjaA sensor working in multiple domains may offer enhanced information about the properties of an investigated analyte, including those containing biological species. It has already been shown that a dual-domain sensing capability, i.e., in optical and electrochemical domains, can be offered by lossy-mode resonance (LMR) sensors based on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin film. The spectral response of the LMR sensors depends on the refractive...
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Specification-Oriented Automatic Design of Topologically Agnostic Antenna Structure
PublikacjaDesign of antennas for modern applications is a challenging task that combines cognition-driven development of topology intertwined with tuning of its parameters using rigorous numerical optimization. However, the process can be streamlined by neglecting the engineering insight in favor of automatic de-termination of structure geometry. In this work, a specification-oriented design of topologically agnostic antenna is considered....
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Modeling the Effects of Slowly Biodegradable Substrate at Large WWTP in Northern Poland
PublikacjaThe essential study was divided into two parts: experimental investigation and mathematical modeling using special platform to computer simulations. In the first part of research an innovative measurement procedure for an indirect determination of the effect of biodegradable particulate and colloidal Xs substrate was developed and implemented. The results of laboratory tests were used futher to verify the mechanism of the hydrolysis...
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Nanobiocatalysis for biofuel production
PublikacjaThe human race is relied on the use of conventional and non-renewable energy resources like fossil fuels for centuries. With the rising environmental issues linked with the use of these conventional energy resources, the trend soon shifted towards more robust and sustainable energy resources. In this regard, the different generations of biofuels have revolutionized the industrial sector by ensuring an eco-friendly and more economical...
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The Use of Organic Coagulants in the Primary Precipitation Process at Wastewater Treatment Plants
PublikacjaMeasurements for determining the effect of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) on the efficiency of pollutant removal from wastewater were carried out using conventional inorganic coagulants PIX113 with polymer A110 (Kemipol, Police, Poland) and unconventional cationic organic coagulants Cofloc (Attana, Coalville, UK) C29510 (Kemipol, Police, Poland) and Sedifloc 575 (3F Chimica, Sandrigo, Italy). The average removal efficiency...
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Application of the Anammox Process for Treatment of Liquid Phase Digestate
PublikacjaThe liquid phase of the digestate (LPD) contains a relatively high concentration of nitrogen, with total ammonium nitrogen being the dominant form of nitrogen, as well as other essential nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Consequently, it must be treated before it is released into the environment. However, there are no reports of co-purification of LPD in the anammox process in sequencing batch reactor with granular sludge,...
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Design-Oriented Constrained Modeling of Antenna Structures
PublikacjaFast surrogate models are crucially important to reduce the cost of design process of antenna structures. Due to curse of dimensionality, standard (data-driven) modeling methods exhibit serious limitations concerning the number of independent geometry parameters that can be handled but also (and even more importantly) their parameter ranges. In this work, a design-oriented modeling framework is proposed in which the surrogate is...
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Rapid redesign of multiband antennas with respect to operating conditions and material parameters of substrate
PublikacjaThis work addresses geometry parameter scaling of multi-band antennas for Internet of Things applications. The presented approach is comprehensive and permits re-design of the structure with respect to both the operating frequencies and material parameters of the dielectric substrate. A two-step procedure is developed with the initial design obtained from an inverse surrogate model constructed using a set of appropriately prepared...
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A note on the Morse homology for a class of functionals in Banach spaces involving the 2p-area functional
PublikacjaIn this paper we show how to construct Morse homology for an explicit class of functionals involving the 2p-area functional. The natural domain of definition of such functionals is the Banach space W_0^{1,2p}(\Omega), where p > n/2 and \Omega \subet R^n is a bounded domain with sufficiently smooth boundary. As W_0^{1,2p}(\Omega) is not isomorphic to its dual space,critical points of such functionals cannot be non-degenerate...
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A Model-Order Reduction Approach for Electromagnetic Problems With Nonaffine Frequency Dependence
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to present a novel model-order reduction (MOR) technique for the efcient frequency-domain nite-element method (FEM) simulation of microwave components. It is based on the standard reduced-basis method, but the subsequent expansion frequency points are selected following the so-called sparsied greedy strategy. This feature makes it especially useful to perform a fast-frequency sweep of problems that lead...
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Development of the New Polish Method for Capacity Analysis of Motorways and Expressways
PublikacjaThe paper presents development of the new Polish method for performing capacity analysis of basic segments of dual carriageway roads (motorways and expressways). The method is based on field traffic surveys conducted at 30 motorway and expressway sites (class A and S roads) in Poland. Traffic flows, composition and travel times were observed in 15-min intervals at each site using ANPR filming method. These data were used to calibrate...
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Circularly Polarized Metalens Antenna Design for 5G NR Sub-6 GHz Communication Systems
Publikacja5G NR (new radio) FR1 range refers to as Sub-6GHz band (410MHz to 7125MHz and 3.4GHz to 6GHz). In this paper, the frequency range of interest is from 3.4 to 6GHz, as many cellular companies are focusing on this Sub-6GHz band. A wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna radiator is designed with diamond shape patches, fed by a microstrip line at the bottom through a rectangular shape wide slot on a ground plane. The proposed CP...
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Macrocyclic derivatives of imidazole as chromoionophores for bismuth(III)/lead(II) pair
Publikacja18-membered diazomacrocycles with imidazole or 4-methylimidazole residue as a part of macrocycle were used as chromoionophores in bismuth(III) and lead(II) dual selective optodes for the first time. Cellulose triacetate membranes doped with macrocyclic chromoionophores are bismuth(III) and lead(II) selective with color change from orange/red to different shades of blue and violet, respectively. Results obtained for model and real...
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TiO2-C nanocomposite synthesized via facile surfactant-assisted method as a part of less energy-consuming LED-based photocatalytic system for environmental applications
PublikacjaA novel facile method was used to incorporate carbon into the titania structure. An alternative synthesis method of carbon-doped TiO2 has been proposed by using a widely used and cheap surfactant. During the process, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide plays a dual role, as a morphology modifier and as a carbon source. The presented approach allows obtained TiO2-C nanostructures to be anatase nanocrystals with carbon being deposited...
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Hydrogen fuel cell power supply for hybrid elelectric multiple unit train
PublikacjaIn European countries, electrified routes amount for 40% to 65% of the total railway networks length. Some of those routes are only partially electrified, and construction of a catenary network might not be viable on all routes. Consequently, operators run diesel trains under catenary or require both an electric and diesel vehicle, increasing costs of operation. Dual-mode vehicles exist, but they are mostly equipped with diesel...
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Comment on "Quantitative comparison of analysis methods for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography"
PublikacjaIn a recent paper by Bosschaart et al. [Biomed. Opt. Express 4, 2570 (2013)] various algorithms of time-frequency signal analysis have been tested for their performance in blood analysis with spectroscopic optical coherence tomography sOCT). The measurement of hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation based on blood absorption spectra have been considered. Short time Fourier transform (STFT) was found as the best method for...
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Photovoltaic-Installation Performance in Central Europe on the Example of Poland
PublikacjaThe amount of the electric energy obtained from a photovoltaic (PV) installation depends on the energy of the radiation. Weather conditions differ strongly between various years even in the same season. Depending on the climatic conditions of a given location, fixed PV solar plants as well as one-axis and dual-axis tracking PV solar plants are being installed worldwide. The aim of this work is to analyse the sunlight intensity...
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Kriging metamodels and design re‐utilization for fast parameter tuning of antenna structures
PublikacjaThe paper addresses the problem of computationally efficient electromagnetic (EM)‐driven design closure of antenna structures. The foundations of the presented approach are fast kriging interpolation metamodels, utilized for two purposes: (a) producing a good starting point for further parameter tuning, and (b) yielding a reasonable Jacobian matrix estimate to jump‐start the optimization procedure. The models are rendered using...