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wszystkich: 332
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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: NON-EQUILIBRIUM CHEMICAL REACTIONS
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In silico study on the effects of carbonyl groups on chemical equilibrium of reactions with a polar product occurring under confinement in pores of activated carbons
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Acoustic field and the entropy mode induced by it in a waveguide filled with some non-equilibrium gases
PublikacjaThe non-linear propagation of an acoustic beam in a rectangular waveguide is considered. The medium of sound propagation, is a gas where thermodynamically non-equilibrium processes take place: such as exothermic chemical reactions or excitation of vibrational degrees of a molecule’s freedom. The incident and reflected compounds of the acoustic field do not interact in the leading order in the case of periodic weakly nonlinear sound...
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Control of mass concentration of reagents by sound in a gas with nonequilibrium chemical reactions
PublikacjaThe weakly nonlinear dynamics of a chemically reacting gas is studied. Nonlinear interaction of acoustic and nonacoustic types of motion are considered. We decompose the base equations using the relationships of the gas-dynamic perturbations specific for every type of motion. The governing equation for the mass fraction of a reagent influenced by dominating sound is derived and discussed. The conclusions concern the equilibrium...
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Gas with Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions: Possibilities of Acoustic Cooling
PublikacjaNonlinear generation of thermal mode during propagation of dominative sound in a chemically reacting gas is considered. The dynamic equation of excess temperature associated with the thermal mode is derived. It is instantaneous and includes quadratic nonlinear acoustic source reflecting the nonlinear character of interaction between acoustic and non-acoustic types of gas motion. Both periodic and aperiodic sound may be considered...
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Modelling of First- and Second-order Chemical Reactions on ARUZ – Massively-parallel FPGA-based Machine
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Application of the Optimization Methods to the Search of Marine Propulsion Shafting Global Equilibrium in Running Condition
PublikacjaFull film hydrodynamic lubrication of marine propulsion shafting journal bearings in running condition is discussed. Considerable computational difficulties in non-linear determining the quasi-static equilibrium of the shafting are highlighted. The approach using two optimization methods (the particle swarm method and the interior point method) in combination with the specially developed relaxation technique is proposed to overcome...
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In situ study of a composition of outlet gases from biogas fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell performed by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
PublikacjaThe purpose of this study was to develop a method and software based on the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the in-situ, quantitative analysis of the composition of outlet gases from Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). The calibration procedure performed at the beginning of the experiment indicated a polynomial dependence between the concentration of a calibrating gas (CO, CO2, CH4) and the corresponding integrated absorbance in...
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Ruch wirowy wywoływany przez ultradźwięk w płynach z relaksacją
PublikacjaRozprawa doktorska poświęcona jest badaniu ruchu wirowego wywoływanego przez ultradźwięk w różnych modelach płynów z relaksacją. Ma ona charakter teoretyczny, jednak wykorzystanie uzyskanych dzięki niej wyników może przynieść lepsze zrozumienie ruchu wirowego wywoływanego przez siłę akustyczną. W I rozdziale rozprawy przedstawione zostały ogólne rozważania dotyczące akustyki nieliniowej. Rozdział II dotyczy ruchu wirowego wywoływanego...
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Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Laser Surface-Treated Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy with MWCNTs Coatings
Publikacja: Titanium and its alloys is the main group of materials used in prosthetics and implantology. Despite their popularity and many advantages associated with their biocompatibility, these materials have a few significant disadvantages. These include low biologic activity—which reduces the growth of fibrous tissue and allows loosening of the prosthesis—the possibility of metallosis and related inflammation or other allergic reactions,...
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Exact resultant equilibrium conditions in the non-linear theory of branching and self-intersecting shells
PublikacjaWe formulate the exact, resultant equilibrium conditions for the non-linear theory of branching and self-intersecting shells. The conditions are derived by performing direct through-the-thickness integration in the global equilibrium conditions of continuum mechanics. At each regular internal and boundary point of the base surface our exact, local equilibrium equations and dynamic boundary conditions are equivalent, as expected,...
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The unstable thermoelectric effect in non-stoichiometric Cu2Se during the non-equilibrium phase transition
PublikacjaThe superionic α ↔ β phase transition in Cu1.96Se thermoelectric material is investigated by means of thermal analysis (DSC) and measurements of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Results of the DSC measurements with 1–10 K/min heating and cooling rates show that the material is close to the equilibrium phase composition during the transformation. However, the kinetic limitation of the process exists, which is indicated...
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Non-Coaxially Rotating Motion in Casson Martial along with Temperature and Concentration Gradients via First-Order Chemical Reaction
PublikacjaThe effect of non-coaxial rotation on the transport of mass subjected to first-order chemical reaction is studied analytically. The effects of thermal radiation, buoyancy, constructive and destructive chemical reactions along with Casson fluid in rotating frame are discussed. Time evolution of primary and secondary velocities, energy and solute particles are analyzed. The behavior of flow under the variation of intensity of magnetic...
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Hysteresis curves and loops for harmonic and impulse perturbations in some non-equilibrium gases
PublikacjaEvolution of sound in a relaxing gas whose properties vary in the course of wave propagation, is studied. A relaxing medium may reveal normal acoustic properties or be acoustically active. In the first case, losses in acoustic energy lead to an increase in internal energy of a gas similarly as it happens in Newtonian fluids. In the second case, acoustic energy increases in the course of sound propagation, and the internal energy...
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Effects of rapid heating on non-equilibrium microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms of titanium alloy
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Exposure to non-opioid analgesics during pregnancy and the risk of adverse drug reactions
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Generation of vorticity motion by sound in a chemically reacting gas and inversion of acoustic streaming in the non-equilibrium regime
PublikacjaBadanie dotyczy nieliniowych pobudzeń modu wirowego wywoływanych przez straty momentu pędu w gazie, w którym zachodzą reakcje chemiczne. Zostało wyprowadzone chwilowe dynamiczne równanie dla modu wirowego. Zawiera ono nieliniową siłę akustyczną co pokazuje, że powodem interakcji między modami akustycznym i wirowym jest nieliniowość. Równanie pozwala jako przyczynę ruchu wirowego rozważać zarówno dźwięk okresowy, jak i aperiodyczny....
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Thermally stimulated currents in amorphous solids at mixed carrier recombination, Part I: Non-equilibrium approximation
PublikacjaPodano opis teoretyczny prądów termicznie stymulowanych dla przypadku mieszanej rekombinacji nośników ładunku, przy założeniu początkowego zapełnienia głębokich stanów pułapkowych oraz silnie nierównowagowego rozkładu nośników w aktywnych pułapkach. Otrzymane wyrażenia zweryfikowano za pomocą obliczeń numerycznych dla przypadku wykładniczego rozkładu pułapek.
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Phthalocyanines with bulky substituents at non-peripheral positions – Synthesis and physico-chemical properties
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Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaThe nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and...
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Novel insights into conjugation of antitumor-active unsymmetrical bisacridine C-2028 with glutathione: characteristics of non-enzymatic and glutathione S-transferase-mediated reactions
PublikacjaUnsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) are a novel potent class of antitumor-active therapeutics. A significant route of phase II drug metabolism is conjugation with glutathione (GSH), which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyzed by GSH-dependent enzymes. The aim of this work was to investigate the GSH-mediated metabolic pathway of a representative UA, C 2028. GSH supplemented incubations of C-2028 with rat, but not with human, liver...
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In-situ FTIR study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics of a Xundian lignite during non-isothermal low temperature pyrolysis
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Anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of bottom sediments of water bodies in the neighborhood of a non-ferrous metal smelter (Silesian Upland, Southern Poland)
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Thermal and solutal performance of Cu/CuO nanoparticles on a non-linear radially stretching surface with heat source/sink and varying chemical reaction effects
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Unusual streaming in chemically reacting gases
PublikacjaNonlinear stimulation of the vorticity mode caused by losses in the momentum of sound in the chemically reacting gas, is considered. The instantaneous dynamic equation which describes the nonlinear generation of the vorticity mode, is derived. It includes a quadratic nonlinear acoustic source. Both periodic and aperiodic sound may be considered as the origin of the vorticity flow. In the non-equilibrium regime of the chemical reaction,...
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In-situ odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study on the electropolymerization of pyrrole on iron in the presence of sodium salicylate – The influence of the monomer concentration
PublikacjaIn this work, the potentiostatic electropolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on iron in aqueous solution of sodium salicylate and pyrrole is studied in situ by odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ORP-EIS). The influence of the pyrrole concentration on the electrosynthesis process is investigated. The ORP-EIS technique ensures a reliable analysis of the PPy electrosynthesis on iron by means of an advanced data...
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Standing Acoustic Waves and Relative Nonlinear Phenomena in a Vibrationally Relaxing Gas-Filled Resonator
PublikacjaStanding acoustic waves in one-dimensional resonator filled with vibrationally relaxing gas, are studied. Two regimes of excitation of molecular vibrational degrees of freedom are considered, equilibrium and nonequilibrium. The acoustic energy enlarges with time in the non-equilibrium regime and decreases otherwise before formation of discontinuity. After that, it decreases due to nonlinear absorption and tends to zero in equilibrium...
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Remarks on steam condensation modeling related to steam turbine large output
PublikacjaIn the paper numerical simulations have been performed to predict the performance of the diferent steam models. All of the considered models of steam condensation have been validated on the base of benchmark experiment employing expansion in nozzle and next on the low pressure part of the steam turbine equipped with the so-called Baumann stage. For numerical analysis three models have been finally used - the ideal steam model without...
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Features of Nonlinear Sound Propagation in Vibrationally Excited Gases
PublikacjaWeakly nonlinear sound propagation in a gas where molecular vibrational relaxation takes place is studied. New equations which govern the sound in media where the irreversible relaxation may take place are derived and discussed. Their form depends on the regime of excitation of oscillatory degrees of freedom, equilibrium (reversible) or non-equilibrium (irreversible), and on the comparative frequency of the sound in relation to...
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Investigation of the Efficiency of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber with a Plasma‒Chemical Element
PublikacjaThe study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber...
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Thermal self-action effects of acoustic beam in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublikacjaThermal self-action of acoustic beam in a molecular gas with excited internal degrees of molecules’ freedom, is studied. This kind of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Heating or cooling of a medium takes place due to transfer of internal vibrational energy. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium gases, which may be acoustically active, are considered. A beam in an acoustically active gas is self-focusing unlike...
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A chemo-mechano-thermodynamical contact theory for adhesion, friction, and (de)bonding reactions
PublikacjaThis work presents a self-contained continuum formulation for coupled chemical, mechanical, and thermal contact interactions. The formulation is very general and, hence, admits arbitrary geometry, deformation, and material behavior. All model equations are derived rigorously from the balance laws of mass, momentum, energy, and entropy in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, thus exposing all the coupling present in the...
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Mathematical modeling of hydrogen production performance in thermocatalytic reactor based on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al
PublikacjaThe main goal of the following work is to adjust mathematical modelling for mass transfer, to specific conditions resulting from presence of chemical surface reactions in the flow of the mixture consisting of helium and methanol. The thermocatalytic devices used for decomposition of organic compounds incorporate microchannels coupled at the ends and heated to 500 oC at the walls regions. The results of the experiment were compared...
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Kinetics of cross-linking processes of fast-curing polyurethane system
PublikacjaThis work focuses on the application of thermal analysis and kinetics investigations to analyze chemical processes during cross-linking of the complex fast-curing polyurethane system. Non-isothermal Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed for both stoichiometric mixtures of polyol and isocyanate component and for mixture with large isocyanate excess. Isoconversional methods were used to calculate initial...
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Dynamics of Chains as a Tool to Study Thermomechanical Properties of Proteins.
PublikacjaPolymer dynamics can be formulated on different levels of detail. One approach eliminates microscopic degrees of freedom and a polymer molecule is represented by a simplified structure—a chain. In the simplest case monomers of ideal chain have fixed length, and their orientation is independent of the orientations and positions of neighbouring monomers. This is reason that two monomers can co-exist at the same place. Ideal chain...
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COMPARISON OF TWO MODELS OF CONDENSATION
PublikacjaIn the low-pressure part of steam turbine, the state path usually crosses the saturation line in penultimate stages. At least last two stages of this part of turbines operate in two –phase region. The liquid phase in this region in mainly created in the process of homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation. Several observations confirm however, that condensation often occurs earlier than it is predicted by theory i.e. before the...
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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN THERMOCATALYTIC REACTOR BASED ON THE INTERMETALLIC PHASE OF NI3AL
PublikacjaThe main aim of the following paper is mathematical modelling for momentum, heat and mass transfer, which is accompanied by chemical surface reactions of the flow of the mixture helium and methanol. The thermocatalytic devices used for decomposition of hydrocarbons incorporate vertical microchannels coupling at the ends and heated to 500 oC at the walls. The results of the experiment were compared with CFD calculations to calibrate...
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Clickable polysaccharides for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review
PublikacjaRecent advances in materials science and engineering highlight the importance of designing sophisticated biomaterials with well-defined architectures and tunable properties for emerging biomedical applications. Click chemistry, a powerful method allowing specific and controllable bioorthogonal reactions, has revolutionized our ability to make complex molecular structures with a high level of specificity, selectivity, and yield...
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Modeling a Traffic Remapping Attack Game in a Multi-hop Ad Hoc Network
PublikacjaIn multi-hop ad hoc networks, selfish nodes may unduly acquire high quality of service (QoS) by assigning higher priority to source packets and lower priority to transit packets. Such traffic remapping attacks (TRAs) are cheap to launch, impossible to prevent, hard to detect, and harmful to non-selfish nodes. While studied mostly in single-hop wireless network settings, TRAs have resisted analysis in multi-hop settings. In this paper...
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A study of the kinetics of bismuth telluride synthesis by an oxide reduction method
PublikacjaThe kinetics of a reduction of bismuth and tellurium oxides in a hydrogen atmosphere, leading to the formation of thermoelectric bismuth telluride is investigated. The evaluation of the reaction kinetics was based on a thermogravimetric analysis performed in non-isothermal conditions. A non-parametric analysis method and the Friedman method were used for the evaluation of the data. Additionally, for a better understanding of the...
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On unique kinematics for the branching shells
PublikacjaWe construct the unique two-dimensional (2D) kinematics which is work-conjugate to the exact, resultant local equilibrium conditions of the non-linear theory of branching shells. Several types of junctions are described. For each type the explicit form of the principle of virtual work is derived.
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Mass spectrometry based identification of geometric isomers during metabolic stability study of a new cytotoxic sulfonamide derivatives supported by quantitative structure-retention relationships
PublikacjaA set of 15 new sulphonamide derivatives, presenting antitumor activity have been subjected to a metabolic stability study. The results showed that besides products of biotransformation, some additional peaks occurred in chromatograms. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed the same mass and fragmentation pathway, suggesting that geometric isomerization occurred. Thus, to support this hypothesis, quantitative structure-retention relationships...
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Discrete and continuous fractional persistence problems – the positivity property and applications
PublikacjaIn this article, we study the continuous and discrete fractional persistence problem which looks for the persistence of properties of a given classical (α=1) differential equation in the fractional case (here using fractional Caputo’s derivatives) and the numerical scheme which are associated (here with discrete Grünwald–Letnikov derivatives). Our main concerns are positivity, order preserving ,equilibrium points and stability...
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Self-refraction of acoustic pulses with shock fronts in some nonequilibrium media
PublikacjaThe nonlinear self-refraction of acoustic pulsed beams, which include shock fronts, is studied. The medium of sound propagation is a gas where thermodynamically nonequilibrium processes take place, such as exothermic chemical reaction or excitation of vibrational degrees of a molecule’s freedom. Comparative analysis of the features of sound propagation over gases where pure nonlinear attenuation of the shock wave occurs, and gases...
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FEM simulation of laminate failure in the three point bending
PublikacjaThe paper presents a FEM simulation of failure of laminate subjected to the three point bending. The numeri-cal model is based on the equivalent single layer approach with 6-paramater non-linear shell theory kinematics. It is implemented in the non-commercial FEM code. The failure initiation is detected with the use of Tsai-Wu criterion. After the failure onset the progressive failure process is modelled through the appropriate...
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Acyl Meldrum's acid derivatives: application in organic synthesis
PublikacjaThis review is focused on one of the most important classes of Meldrum's acid derivatives commonly known as acyl Meldrum's acids. The preparation methods of these compounds are considered including the recently proposed and rather rarely used ones. The chemical properties of acyl Meldrum's acids are described in detail, including thermal stability and reactions with various nucleiophiles. The possible mechanisms of these transformations...
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Non-Wave Variations in Temperature Caused by Sound in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaA weakly nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes in the field of sound in a gas is considered. An exotericchemical reaction of A->B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Two types of sound areconsidered, low-frequency and high-frequency as compared with the characteristic time of a chemical reaction.For both these cases, the governing equations of non-acoustic modes are derived and conclusions of the efficiencyof...
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Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics
PublikacjaThe seminal Navier-Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier-Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local "working fluid", which would be able to describe the conversion of "heating" into "working" (Carnot's type cycles) and vice...
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Decomposition of Acoustic and Entropy Modes in a Non-Isothermal Gas Affected by a Mass Force
PublikacjaDiagnostics and decomposition of atmospheric disturbances in a planar flow are considered in this work. The study examines a situation in which the stationary equilibrium temperature of a gas may depend on the vertical coordinate due to external forces. The relations connecting perturbations are analytically established. These perturbations specify acoustic and entropy modes in an arbitrary stratified gas affected by a constant...
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Aryl and N-arylamide carbon nanotubes for electrical coupling of laccase to electrodes in biofuel cells and biobatteries
PublikacjaSingle walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were equipped with aryl residues by chemical reactions. These insoluble materials were used to substitute classical soluble mediators, which help to transfer electrical charge between the conducting electrode and the redox active center of enzyme molecules. The effect of different aryl residues on the efficiency of the catalytic reduction of dioxygen in the presence of laccase was systematically...
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Molecular basis of the osmolyte effect on protein stability: a lesson from the mechanical unfolding of lysozyme
PublikacjaOsmolytes are a class of small organic molecules that shift the protein folding equilibrium. For this reason, they are accumulated by organisms under environmental stress, and find applications in biotechnology where proteins need to be stabilized or dissolved. However, despite years of research, debate continues over the exact mechanisms underpinning the stabilizing and denaturing effect of osmolytes. Here, we simulated the mechanical...