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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: temperature%20measurement
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Comparison of traditional district heating with low temperature district heating systems featuring organic Rankine cycle and heat pump
PublikacjaPaper presents a comparison between a traditional district heating system with conventional boilers as a source of heat and electricity purchases from power utilities and a low temperature DH system incorporating the CHP with organic Rankine Cycle providing electricity and local heat pump raising the temperature of the DH fluid to the required temperature in the dwelling, meaning that both heat and electricity are produced within...
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Investigation of the Effect of The Temperature and Magnetization Pattern on Flux Density, Instantaneous Torque, Unbalanced Magnetic Forces of a Surface Inset PMM
PublikacjaElectrical machines utilized in domestic applications such as ceiling fans should have low losses and cost. Permanent magnets are used instead of rotor excitation to reduce losses. Therefore, not only the losses of the rotor winding are eliminated, but also the efficiency of the machine is increased. A surface inset consequent pole (SICP) machine has also been used to reduce costs. Because less magnets are utilized in this structure....
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Effects of thermal history on the performance of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ electrolyte and LiNi0.81Co0.15Al0.04O2 electrodes
PublikacjaIn this study, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with an ∼560 μm thick Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ (SDC) electrolyte and ∼890 μm thick LiNi0.81Co0.15Al0.04O2−δ (NCAL) electrodes are constructed and characterized under three experimental conditions. The cell with an NCAL cathode pre-reduced under an H2 atmosphere at 550 °C presents the best electrochemical performance. This is ascribed to facts that the reduction reaction generating Ni–Co...
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Investigation of Wood Flour Size, Aspect Ratios, and Injection Molding Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour/Polyethylene Composites
PublikacjaIn the present research, wood flour reinforced polyethylene polymer composites with a coupling agent were prepared by injection molding. The effects of wood flour size, aspect ratios, and mold injection temperature on the composites’ mechanical properties were investigated. For the preparation of the polymer composites, five different formulations were created. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and the modulus,...
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Morphology changes in Fe-Cr porous alloys upon high-temperature oxidation quantified by X-ray tomographic microscopy
PublikacjaThe effect of high-temperature oxidation at 850 C (10 h, 30 h, 100 h) and 900 C (10 h) on porous (30 % porosity) ferritic stainless steel (Fe22Cr) has been investigated using synchrotron tomographic microscopy, which allowed for visualisation, separation and quantitative analysis of the metallic core, closed pores, open pores and oxide scale phase. The same regions within the samples were investigated before and after oxidation...
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Preparation of methanation catalysts for high temperature SOEC by β-cyclodextrin-assisted impregnation of nano-CeO2 with transition metal oxides
PublikacjaThe aim of this work was to prepare and examine the catalytic activity of nanometric CeO2 decorated with transition metal oxides – Ni, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn – towards a high-temperature methanation process under SOEC CO2/H2O simulated co-electrolysis conditions. Samples were prepared using the wet impregnation method via the conventional process and with the addition of native cyclodextrin. The influence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) onto...
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Effect of bitumen characteristics obtained according to EN and Superpave specifications on asphalt mixture performance in low-temperature laboratory tests
PublikacjaThe paper aims to identify those characteristics of bitumen which have the greatest impact on asphalt mixture low-temperature performance. It was observed that stiffness and m-value of bitumen from BBR test were moderately related to stiffness and m-value of asphalt mixture obtained from 3 PB test. Simultaneously those rheological properties significantly impact on cryogenic stresses induced during TSRST test. The multiple regression...
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor
PublikacjaThis paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a high-temperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet...
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Low temperature deposition of dense MnCo 2 O 4 protective coatings for steel interconnects of solid oxide cells
PublikacjaIn this work manganese cobalt spinel (MnCo2O4) coatings were deposited on steel substrates by spray pyrolysis at 390 °C. This is at much lower temperatures than previously reported (typically in excess of 900 °C). It was possible to produce coatings with well controlled thickness (2-5-10 μm). The as-deposited coatings were evaluated for their microstructural changes and electrical conductivity up to 800 °C. Results confirm the...
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Low temperature processed MnCo2O4 and MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 as effective protective coatings for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects at 750 °C
PublikacjaIn this study two materials, MnCo2O4 and MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 are studied as potential protective coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell interconnects working at 750 °C. First powder fabrication by a modified Pechini method is described followed by a description of the coating procedure. The protective action of the coating applied on Crofer 22 APU is evaluated by following the area specific resistance (ASR) of the scale/coating for 5500...
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Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction study of structural parameters of NH---S hydrogen bonds in triethylammonium and pyridinium silanethiolates
PublikacjaHydrogen bonds in triethylammonium and pyridinium silanethiolate salts have been characterized by X-ray, FT–IR and NMR spectroscopies. DFT calculations reveal strongly asymmetric double-well minima at the potential energy curves of the studied compounds
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High Temperature Drying Process of Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with Different Zones of Sapwood and Red False Heartwood
PublikacjaThis study examined the changes in the properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) after intense drying. Beech wood with false red heartwood was selected as the test specimen. The test samples had dimensions of 50 mm thickness, 180 mm width, and 350 mm length. The specimens were divided into two groups, false red heartwood and sapwood. These specimens were selected with different angles of the growth rings (radial and tangential)....
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CPLFD-GDPT5: High-resolution gridded daily precipitation and temperature data set for two largest Polish river basins
PublikacjaThe CHASE-PL (Climate change impact assessment for selected sectors in Poland) Forcing Data–Gridded Daily Precipitation & Temperature Dataset–5 km (CPLFD-GDPT5) consists of 1951–2013 daily minimum and maximum air temperatures and precipitation totals interpolated onto a 5 km grid based on daily meteorological observations from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW-PIB; Polish stations), Deutscher Wetterdienst...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines. Part I: Steady-state processes
PublikacjaThe article presents a possible method of detecting failures in the flow section and supply system of a naval gas turbine engine based on the exhaust gas temperature measured behind the gas generator. This temperature is a basic diagnostic parameter use for evaluating the technical state of the turbine engine in operation, and is monitored during engine start-ups, accelerations and decelerations of rotor units, and steady-load...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines. Part III. Diagnostic and operating tolerances
PublikacjaThe third part of the article presents a method for detecting failures of the automatic engine control system with the aid of an exhaust gas temperature setter, specially designed and machined for this purpose. It also presents a procedure of identifying the operating tolerances and determining the diagnostic tolerances for the exhaust gas temperature recorded in the naval turbine engine during the start-up and acceleration processes....
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High-temperature Corrosion of ~ 30 Pct Porous FeCr Stainless Steels in Air: Long-Term Evaluation Up to Breakaway
PublikacjaIn this work, a long-term (up to 6000 hours) corrosion evaluation of three porous (~ 30 pct of initial porosity) ferritic iron-chromium alloys with different Cr contents (20, 22, and 27 wt pct of Cr) was carried out at 600 C, 700 C, 800 C, and 900 C in air. Mass gain measurements and SEM analyses revealed that at temperatures above 600 C, all alloys exhibit breakaway corrosion, whereas at 600 C, none of the alloys were heavily...
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Temperature Evolution, Material Flow, and Resulting Mechanical Properties as a Function of Tool Geometry during Friction Stir Welding of AA6082
PublikacjaThe friction stir welding process was simulated for joining AA6082 aluminum alloy with the use of the computational fluid dynamics method. Two different tool geometries were used—a tapered cylindrical pin (simple pin) and a hexagonal pin with grooves (complex pin). The analysis of the simulations performed was discussed in terms of temperature evolution during the process, total heat input, residual stresses and material flow....
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In-situ FTIR study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics of a Xundian lignite during non-isothermal low temperature pyrolysis
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An Implementation of a Compact Smart Resistive Sensor Based on a Microcontroller with an Internal ADC
PublikacjaIn the paper a new implementation of a compact smart resistive sensor based on a microcontroller with internal ADCs is proposed and analysed. The solution is based only on a (already existing in the system) microcontroller and a simple sensor interface circuit working as a voltage divider consisting of a reference resistor and the resistive sensor connected in parallel with an interference suppression capacitor. The measurement...
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Efficiency of pollutant removal by five multistage constructed wetlands in a temperate climate
PublikacjaIn recent years, an increase in interest in hybrid constructed wetland systems (HCWs) has beenobserved. These systems are composed of two or more filters with different modes of sewage flow.Based on over eight years of monitoring, carried out at five local HCWs located in the PomeraniaRegion of Northern Poland, the effective removal of organic matter (from 74.9 to 95.5% COD) in theloading range 1.5-17.0 g COD·m-2·d-1 was confirmed....
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Mechanical Properties of Brass under Impact and Perforation Tests for a Wide Range of Temperatures: Experimental and Numerical Approach
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Wpływ temperatury powietrza na energochłonność elektrycznego transportu miejskiego na przykładzie gdyńskiej komunikacji trolejbusowej
PublikacjaMała sprawność silników cieplnych umożliwia ogrzewanie wnętrza autobusów i innych pojazdów napędzanych paliwami płynnymi i gazowymi energią chłodzenia układu. W odróżnieniu od silników spalinowych, elektryczne układy napędowe charakteryzują się wysoką sprawnością energetyczną, która w obecnym rozwoju techniki osiąga poziom 90–95%. Oznacza to, że ogrzewanie wnętrza pojazdu możliwe jest jedynie za pomocą energii elektrycznej pobieranej...
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Badania przyrostów średnic i temperatury przedmiotów podczas gładzenia długich otworów w warunkach produkcyjnych.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ubytku materiału oraz nagrzewania się przedmiotów cienkościennych podczas gładzenia długich otworów. Analizowano wpływ podstawowych parametrów obróbkowych na wzrost temperatury przedmiotu i intensywność gładzenia. Celem badań było opracowanie modelu matematycznego ubytku materiału podczas gładzenia i przyrostu temperatury przedmiotu obrabianego, wyznaczonego w warunkach produkcyjnych.
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Ocena wpływu poprawy dokładności pomiaru temperatury pary świeżej na efektywność ekonomiczną bloku energetycznego
PublikacjaW niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu poprawy dokładności pomiaru temperatury pary świeżej na wskaźniki sprawności i produkcji bloku ciepłowniczego. Analizy dokonano w oparciu o moduł zaproponowany przez firmę Alstom, składający się z regulatora stanu z obserwacją oraz precyzyjnej termopary. Narzędziem wykorzystanym do badań był program GateCycle 6.1, w którym zamodelowano blok BC-50, wykorzystując rzeczywiste...
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The effect of long-term service at elevated temperatures on structure and mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V steel
PublikacjaPurpose: of this paper is to reveal the microstructural changes in 13HMF steel exposed to long-term service at elevated temperatures. The degradation of bainite structure was determined and carbides morphology has been examined. The influence of carbides evolution was discussed in dependence of creep rupture strength and mechanical properties of the steel.
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Badania nad wpływem olejów smarowych i temperatury na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową warstwy ślizgowej łożyska.
PublikacjaZbadano wpływ trzech olejów smarowych przy różnych wartościach temperatury na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową warstwy ślizgowej wykonanej ze stopu AlSn11Cu1,2. Obiektem badań były bimetalowe panwie łożyskowe poddawane podczas testów zmęczeniowych w testerze SKMR-2 wahadłowemu zginaniu o współczynniku asymetrii cyklu R=-1. Zaobserwowano wyraźny wpływ rodzaju oleju i temperatury na wytrzymałość zmęczeniową stopu. Stwierdzono również istotność...
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Badania energetyczne sprężarkowych pomp ciepła przy różnych wartościach temperatury dolnego i górnego źródła.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki badań energetycznych dwu wybranych pomp ciepła producentów krajowych. Badania prowadzono przy różnych wartościach temperatury górnego i dolnego źródła ciepła. Podano ważniejsze wyniki badań.
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Badania rozkładu temperatury na grubości płaszcza żelbetowego zbiornika oczyszczalni ścieków w okresie zimowym
PublikacjaPodczas eksploatacji zbiorników oczyszczalni ścieków na skutek różnicy temperatury ścieków a temperaturą powietrza na zewnątrz, powstają oddziaływania termiczne, które w przypadku nieocieplonej ściany żelbetowego zbiornika na ciecz, mogą przyczynić się do powstania zarysowań [1.] co w konsekwencji może doprowadzić do utraty szczelności. Powstałe na skutek różnic temperatur naprężenia rozciągające sumują się z naprężeniami wnikającymi...
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Zastosowanie regulatora rozmytego do regulacji temperatury w fizycznym modelu pomieszczeń z ogrzewaniem nadmuchowym
PublikacjaJednym z przykładów zastosowania regulatorów rozmytych jest ich wykorzystanie do sterowania instalacją ogrzewania nadmuchowego. W artykule przedstawiono badania modelu obiektu złożonego z jednej nagrzewnicy zastosowanej do utrzymania różnicy temperatur w dwóch pomieszczeniach. Ideą była chęć odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy do sterowania takim obiektem można zastosować regulator rozmyty o właściwościach przybliżonych do regulatora trójpołożeniowego....
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Wpływ temperatury na zależność pomiędzy wytrzymałością zapraw na ściskanie a ilością wydzielonego ciepła hydratacji
PublikacjaPomiar szybkości oraz ilości wydzielonego ciepła za pomocą kalorymetru izotermicznego stanowi precyzyjne narzędzie do oceny kinetyki hydratacji kompozytów cementowych: zaczynów, zapraw i betonów. Szereg badań naukowych wskazuje, że ilość wydzielonego ciepła pozostaje w korelacji z wytrzymałością na ściskanie w zależności od czasu dojrzewania. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań kalorymetrycznych i wytrzymałościowych zaprawy na bazie...
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Changes in enzymatic activity of fish and slaughter animals meat after high pressure treatment at subzero temperatures
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to determine changes in the activity of proteolytic enzymes and transglutaminase of fish and mammal meat after pressurization at subzero temperatures. The activity was measured at the optimal pHs determined for enzymes from particular types of tested meat. It was found that increasing the pressure in the range of 60–193 MPa, did not change significantly the activity of acidic proteases of cod flesh, while...
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An inter-laboratory validation of methods of lipid peroxidation measurement in UVA-treated human plasma samples
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Research Protocol of the Polish Adaptation and Validation of HOPE Scale: Qualitative Measurement of Patients' Spiritual Needs
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Automatic resource identification for FPGA-based reconfigurable measurement and control systems with mezzanines in FMC standard
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THE APPLICATION OF BALANCED SCORECARD METHOD FOR THE SELECTION OF FACTORS USED IN THE EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN POLAND
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Human and Methodological Sources of Variability in the Measurement of Urinary 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine
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Urinary Measurement of 8-OxodG, 8-OxoGua, and 5HMUra: A Noninvasive Assessment of Oxidative Damage to DNA
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Measurement of idlers rotation speed in belt conveyors based on image data analysis for diagnostic purposes
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Software-based method of increasing the effective resolution of a measurement chain for a transducer with a pulse frequency output
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A new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices. The method enables measuring fault loop resistance without nuisance tripping of residual current devices, by application an unconventional waveform of measurement current. It is important for proper verification of the effectiveness of protection against electric shock.
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A measurement system for nonlinear surface spectroscopy with an atomic force microscope during corrosion process monitoring
PublikacjaIn addition to traditional imaging the surface, atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables wide variety of additional measurements. One of them is higher harmonic imaging. In tapping mode the nonlinear contact between tip and specimen results in higher frequency vibrations. More information available from the higher harmonics analysis proves to be helpful for more detailed imaging. Such visualization is espe-cially useful for heterogeneous...
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Myrosinase activity in different plant samples; optimisation of measurement conditions for spectrophotometric and pH-stat methods
PublikacjaMyrosinase found in Brassicaceae plants, is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of glucosinolates. As a result a variety of biologically active metabolites are liberated, whose importance in crop protection and especially in cancer chemoprevention is rapidly gaining recognition. The growing practical application of glucosinolate degradation products requires that sensitive and reliable methods of myrosinase activity determination...
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Old-timer Vehicle - Braking Efficiency Measurement at Vehicle Inspection Stations and Roadworthiness Validity Certificate.
PublikacjaObtaining the Roadworthiness Validity Certificate for an old-timer vehicle involves an appropriate test performance, namely, "Old-timer Vehicle Technical Specification Compliance Test". It seems obvious that this kind of test should include a considerable checklist, however, the current legal regulations connected with this test are not specific enough. One of the certificates issued on this test results is "Old-timer Vehicle Technical...
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Optoelectronic properties of the metal-tetracene interface investigated by current noise measurement under monochromatic irradiation.
PublikacjaZaprezentowano badania prądów ograniczonych elektrodowo w warstwach tetracenu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zależność szumów elektrycznych od przyłożonego napięcia i padającego światła.
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Diamond protection for reusable ZnO coated fiber-optic measurement head in optoelectrochemical investigation of bisphenol A
PublikacjaDue to the global problem with plastic contaminating the environment, with bisphenol A (BPA) being one of the highest demand, effective monitoring and purification of the pollutants are required. The electrochemical methods constitute a good solution but, due to polymerization of electrochemical oxidation bisphenol A products and their adsorption to the surfaces, measurement head elements are clogged by the formed film. In this...
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Investigations of the Methods of Time Delay Measurement of Stochastic Signals Using Cross-correlation with the Hilbert Transform
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of simulation studies of four methods of estimating time delay for random signals using cross-correlation with the Hilbert Transform. Selected models of mutually delayed stochastic signals were used in the simulations, corresponding to the signals obtained from scintillation detectors in radioisotope measurements of liquid-gas two-phase flow. Standard deviations of the values of the individual functions...
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Laser-textured cross-hatched surface topography analysis with evaluation of high-frequency measurement noise
PublikacjaThe precision of surface roughness determination using ISO 25178 parameters relies on various factors that directly impact the measurement process. In industry applications, the contactless roughness measurement reduces data collection time. However, it introduces several potential errors, including those stemming from the environment. One of the main types of errors encountered during topography analysis is measurement noise,...
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Downlink Capacity-Coverage Trade-off Estimation Based on Measurement of WCDMA/FDD Interface Load
PublikacjaThe method of capacity-coverage trade-off determination by using of universal load characteristics and normalized coverage curves for the WCDMA/FDD radio interface has been presented. The practical applications of discussed method for UMTS radio network planning process and network exploitation has been mentioned.
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Comparison of induction motor bearing diagnostic test results through vibration and stator current measurement
PublikacjaThe paper discusses results of tests performed by authors, related to the angine bearings diagnostic using vibration and stator current measurements. The paper contains the description of an automatic measurement system, developed for measurement of those harmonics and processing that to obtain bearing diagnostic information. System was tested on objects with intentionally made defects in bearings, results of this test was also...
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A Development of a Capacitive Voltage Divider for High Voltage Measurement as Part of a Combined Current and Voltage Sensor
PublikacjaThis article deals with the development of capacitive voltage divider for high voltage measurements and presents a method of analysis and optimization of its parameters. This divider is a part of a combined voltage and current sensor for measurements in high voltage power networks. The sensor allows continuous monitoring of the network distribution status and performs a quick diagnosis and location of possible network failures....