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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: PROGRAMMABLE ANALOGUE CIRCUIT
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Simple 60 GHz Switched Beam Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
PublikacjaA new 60 GHz band single-input switched beam antenna is proposed for the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave network applications. The presented design is capable of electronically switching the main beam in two different directions via a proposed microstrip-line-to-slotline single-pole dual-throw (SPDT) switch based on commercially available p-i-n diodes. The antenna is fabricated in a low-cost printed circuit board process...
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Multi-transformer primary-side regulated flyback converter for supplying isolated IGBT and MOSFET drivers
PublikacjaThis paper presents primary-side voltage regulated multi-transformer quasi-resonant flyback converter (MTFC) for supplying isolated power switch drivers. The proposed topology offers distinct advantages over frequently used flyback converter possessing one high frequency transformer with isolated multiple outputs. Particularly, when a large number of separate dc supply units is required, then MTFC enables improved regular distribution...
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Novel Complementary Resonator for Dielectric Characterization of Substrates Based on Permittivity and Thickness
PublikacjaThis paper presents a novel complementary resonator featuring high sensitivity, low fabrication cost, and improved performance. The proposed structure consists of a complementary concentric square and circular ring resonator (CCSCRR) with multiple splits to enhance the inductance of the resonator. The proposed CCSCRR is coupled to a microstrip transmission line with an impedance of fifty ohms to create a high-sensitivity sensor....
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Hidden Tensor Structures
PublikacjaAny single system whose space of states is given by a separable Hilbert space is automatically equipped with infinitely many hidden tensor-like structures. This includes all quantum mechanical systems as well as classical field theories and classical signal analysis. Accordingly, systems as simple as a single one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, an infinite potential well, or a classical finite-amplitude signal of finite duration...
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General concept of functional safety - standarisation and sector aspects
PublikacjaRozdział poświęcono koncepcji bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego. Bezpieczeństwo funkcjonalne jest częścią bezpieczeństwa całkowitego zależną od odpowiedniej odpowiedzi systemów sterowania i/lub zabezpieczeń na sygnały wejściowe podczas wystąpienia stanów nienormalnych maszyny, instalacji lub obiektu podwyższonego ryzyka. Koncepcja bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego przedstawiona w normie IEC 51508 stanowi przykład dobrej praktyki inżynierskiej...
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Diagnostyka analogowych filtrów wielosekcyjnych oparta na magistrali testującej IEEE1149.1
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono nową koncepcję testera JTAG BIST do samo-testowania torów analogowych opartych na wielosekcyjnych filtrach wyższego rzędu w mieszanych sygnałowo mikrosystemach elektronicznych sterowanych mikrokontrolerami i wyposażonych w magistralę testującą IEEE1149.1 (JTAG). Bazuje ona na metodzie diagnostycznej opartej na przekształce-niu transformującym próbki odpowiedzi czasowych kolejnych sekcji filtra pobudzonego impulsem...
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Jednofazowy falownik napięcia z aktywnym obwodem odsprzęgającym
PublikacjaZnanym zagadnieniem w jednofazowych falownikach napięcia jest pobieranie ze źródła napięcia stałego składowej przemiennej o częstotliwości dwukrotnie większej od częstotliwości generowanej przez falownik. Jednym z rozwiązań problemu jest stosowanie dużej baterii kondensatorów elektrolitycznych, lecz lepszym sposobem z punktu widzenia niezawodności i gęstości mocy przekształtnika jest stosowanie aktywnych układów odsprzęgania mocy....
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Analiza i badania transformatora hybrydowego z przekształtnikiem AC/DC/AC współdziałającym z przełącznikiem zaczepów
PublikacjaRozprawa dotyczy badań nad układem transformatora hybrydowego, który oprócz możliwości regulacji ciągłej napięcia za pomocą przekształtnika energoelektronicznego, posiada układ regulacji skokowej w postaci przełącznika zaczepów. Badane urządzenie przeznaczone jest do stabilizacji napięcia w dystrybucyjnej sieci niskiego napięcia. Dzięki skoordynowanej pracy układów (ciągłego i skokowego) uzyskana zostaje tzw. Wielostrefowa Regulacja...
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Automatic Regularization by Quantization in Reducible Representations of CCR: Point-Form Quantum Optics with Classical Sources
PublikacjaElectromagnetic fields are quantized in a manifestly covariant way by means ofa class of reducible "center-of-mass N-representations" of the algebra of canonical commutationrelations (CCR). The four-potential Aa(x) transforms in these representations as aHermitian four-vector field in Minkowski four-position space (without change of gauge), butin momentum space it splits into spin-1 massless photons and two massless scalars. Whatwe...
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Calculations of the resistance values of 10 ratio resistors
Dane BadawczeThe presented data set is part of the research aimed at determining the actual characteristics of each thermistor in a package of twenty NTC10k type sensors.
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Dimensional Synthesis of Coupled-Resonator Pseudoelliptic Microwave Bandpass Filters with Constant and Dispersive Couplings
PublikacjaIn this paper, we propose a novel technique for the dimensional synthesis of coupled-resonator pseudoelliptic microwave filters with constant and dispersive couplings. The proposed technique is based on numerical simulations of small structures, involving up to two adjacent resonators, and it accounts for a loading effect from other resonators by replacing them with terminations coupled through appropriately scaled inverters. The...
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Rapid simulation-driven design of miniaturised dual-band microwave couplers by means of adaptive response scaling
PublikacjaOne of the major challenges in the design of compact microwave structures is the necessity of simultaneous handling of several objectives and the fact that expensive electromagnetic (EM) analysis is required for their reliable evaluation. Design of multi-band circuits where performance requirements are to be satisfied for several frequencies at the same time is even more difficult. In this work, a computationally efficient design...
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Ultra-Compact SIRC-Based Self-Triplexing Antenna with High Isolation
PublikacjaAn ultra-compact self-triplexing antenna realized on a substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) is discussed in this study. The proposed structure employs two L-shaped slots and an in-verted U-shaped slot to radiate at three independent operating frequency bands. Three 50-ohm microstrip feed lines are used to excite the radiation in these slots. The operating frequency is individually tuned using the slot size. The slot placement...
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Starter for Voltage Boost Converter to Harvest Thermoelectric Energy for Body-Worn Sensors
PublikacjaThis paper examines the suitability of selected configurations of ultra-low voltage (ULV) oscilla-tors as starters for a voltage boost converter to harvest energy from a thermoelectric generator (TEG). Important properties of particularly promising configurations, suitable for on-chip imple-mentation are compared. On this basis, an improved oscillator with a low startup voltage and a high output voltage swing is proposed. The applicability...
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Highly Reliable Passive RFID-Based Inductor–Capacitor Sensory System Strengthened by Solvatochromism for Fast and Wide-Range Lactate Detection
PublikacjaA passive radio frequency-identification-based inductor-capacitor (LC) lactate sensory system with a specific dye-containing interdigitated capacitor (IDC) in which the sensing signal is amplified by the solvatochromic effect is proposed. When a lactate solution contacts the IDC of the LC lactate sensor, the capacitance of the IDC changes, changing the resonance frequency of the sensor. This changes the oscillation frequency of...
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On Alternative Approaches to Design of Corporate Feeds for Low-Sidelobe Microstrip Linear Arrays
PublikacjaTwo design approaches, illustrated by simulations and measurements, aiming at a systematic computer-aided design of printed circuit feeds for low-sidelobe microstrip antenna arrays are described. The novelty of these approaches resides in identification of the optimal feed architectures with subsequent simulation-based optimization of the feed and array aperture dimensions. In this work, we consider microstrip corporate feeds realizing...
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Increasing efficiency of technological process by limiting impact of corrosive environment on operation of spiral classifiers
PublikacjaMost of the technological operations related to the preparation of the output to be enriched and to the production of the final copper concentrate take place with the use of water environment. Water management, besides using innovative technical and technological solutions, is a significant factor in the whole copper ore enrichment process. Mine water resources and surface water of the tailing pond named "Żelazny Most" are the...
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A Microwave Sensor with Operating Band Selection to Detect Rotation and Proximity in the Rapid Prototyping Industry
PublikacjaThis paper presents a novel sensor for detecting and measuring angular rotation and proximity, intended for rapid prototyping machines. The sensor is based on a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) driven by a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide. The sensor has a planar topology, which makes it simple and cost-effective to produce and accurate in measuring both physical quantities. The sensor has two components, a rotor, and...
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Multifrequency Nanoscale Impedance Microscopy (m-NIM): A novel approach towards detection of selective and subtle modifications on the surface of polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes
PublikacjaIn this paper, we describe the modification of Nanoscale Impedance Microscopy (NIM), namely, a combination of contact-mode atomic force microscopy with local impedance measurements. The postulated approach is based on the application of multifrequency voltage perturbation instead of standard frequency-by-frequency analysis, which among others offers more time-efficient and accurate determination of the resultant impedance spectra...
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The shallow sea experiment with usage of linear hydrophone array
PublikacjaPurpose of this article is to present designed and made linear hydrophone array and the results obtained during in situ trails on Gulf of Gdańsk. The measuring system allowed to localize hydrophones in the selected points and perform measurements in both the horizontal antenna positioning and vertical. Made in this way recordings allow creating accurate 3D imaging of sound intensity/propagation. During research three floating objects...
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Resonator-Loaded Waveguide Notch Filters with Broad Tuning Range and Additive-Manufacturing-Based Operating Frequency Adjustment Procedure
PublikacjaThis article presents a new class of ring-resonator-loaded waveguide notch filters with a broad tuning range, low cost, and improved performance. The proposed approach employs a comple-mentary asymmetric split ring resonator coupled to a microstrip transmission line and excited in a rectangular waveguide. An equivalent circuit model is proposed to explain the working principle of the proposed notch filter. The adjustment of the...
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Microfluidically Frequency-Reconfigurable Self-Quadruplexing Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Square-Cavity
PublikacjaIn this article, a novel concept of self-quadruplexing tunable antenna (SQTA) enabled by microfluidic channels is investigated. The operating channels are either filled with air or dielectric liquids to enable frequency tunability. The proposed SQTA is implemented on the substrate-integrated square-cavity (SISC). A swastika-shaped slot is milled on the top-surface of the SISC to create four quarter-mode resonators. The resonators...
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Ultra-Compact Self-Quadruplexing Microfluidically Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Using Half-Mode SIW
PublikacjaIn this brief, the design of an ultra-compact self-quadruplexing frequency reconfigurable antenna (SQFRA) utilizing a half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) and microfluidic channels is discussed. Four HMSIW cavities fed by four microstrip lines and slots are used to construct a highly compact antenna. The microstrip feedings to the HMSIW cavities are applied in such a way that the proposed antenna exhibits self-quadruplexing...
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Cost-Efficient Multi-Objective Design of Miniaturized Microwave Circuits Using Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Network
PublikacjaDesigning microwave components involves managing multiple objectives such as center frequencies, impedance matching, and size reduction for miniaturized structures. Traditional multi-objective optimization (MO) approaches heavily rely on computationally expensive population-based methods, especially when exe-cuted with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis to guarantee reliability. This paper introduces a novel and cost-effective...
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Functional safety analysis including human factors
PublikacjaThe article addresses selected aspects of human factors that should be taken into account during the design of safety-related functions for a complex hazardous installation and its protections. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often used for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To control the risk the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Non-Newtonian Mathematics Instead of Non-Newtonian Physics: Dark Matter and Dark Energy from a Mismatch of Arithmetics
PublikacjaNewtonian physics is based on Newtonian calculus applied to Newtonian dynamics. New paradigms such as ‘modified Newtonian dynamics’ (MOND) change the dynamics, but do not alter the calculus. However, calculus is dependent on arithmetic, that is the ways we add and multiply numbers. For example, in special relativity we add and subtract velocities by means of addition β1⊕β2=tanh(tanh−1(β1)+tanh−1(β2)), although multiplication β1⊙β2=tanh(tanh−1(β1)⋅tanh−1(β2)),...
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Nested Space Mapping Technique for Design and Optimization of Complex Microwave Structures with Enhanced Functionality
PublikacjaIn this work, we discuss a robust simulation-driven methodology for rapid and reliable design of complex microwave/RF circuits with enhanced functionality. Our approach exploits nested space mapping (NSM) technology, which is dedicated to expedite simulation-driven design optimization of computationally demanding microwave structures with complex topologies. The enhanced func-tionality of the developed circuits is achieved by means...
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Highly Miniaturized Self-Diplexed U-Shaped Slot Antenna Based on Shielded QMSIW
PublikacjaThis article presents an efficient yet simple design approach to highly miniaturized cavity-backed self-diplexing antenna (SDA) with high-isolation. The structure employs a shielded quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW). Two U-shaped slots are engraved on the top conducting plane, which realize two frequency bands and significant size reduction. The slots are excited by two independent 50Ω orthogonal feed-lines to...
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Performance-driven yield optimization of high-frequency structures by kriging surrogates
PublikacjaUncertainty quantification is an important aspect of engineering design, as manufacturing toler-ances may affect the characteristics of the structure. Therefore, quantification of these effects is in-dispensable for adequate assessment of the design quality. Toward this end, statistical analysis is performed, for reliability reasons, using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Still, the computational expenditures associated...
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Compact, Order Extensible and Wide-Stopband Bandpass Filter Based on SIW Cavity with Rectangular Ring Slot
PublikacjaThis article introduces novel architectures of bandpass filters (BPFs) using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity with a rectangular ring slot (RRS) for compact size, extensible order, and broad stopband responses. Two bandpass filters, which demonstrate a second-and a fourth-order Chebyshev response, respectively, are realized by employing identical cavities with RRS, without increasing the physical size of the circuit....
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Influence of Surface Modification of Titanium and Its Alloys for Medical Implants on Their Corrosion Behavior
PublikacjaTitanium and its alloys are often used for long-term implants after their surface treatment. Such surface modification is usually performed to improve biological properties but seldom to increase corrosion resistance. This paper presents research results performed on such metallic materials modified by a variety of techniques: direct voltage anodic oxidation in the presence of fluorides, micro-arc oxidation (MAO), pulse laser treatment,...
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THREE-LEVEL F-TYPE INVERTER
PublikacjaGiven the recent available IGBT switch modules up to 6.5 kV, 1200 A rating, the prospect of the diode-free variant topology of the three-level neutral-point-clamped (3-level, T-type) inverter in certain medium voltage applications is bright; due to its small part count and low conduction losses compared to the diode-clamped NPC inverter. However, within this voltage range, the input dc voltage rating of 50% of the switches per...
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Optimization-based antenna miniaturization using adaptively-adjusted penalty factors
PublikacjaThe continuing trend for miniaturization of electronic devices necessitates size reduction of the comprising components and circuitry. Specifically, integrated circuit-antenna modules therein require compact radiators in applications such as 5G communications, implantable and on-body devices, or internet of things (IoT). The conflict between the demands for compact size and elec-trical and field performance can be mitigated by...
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A new approach to a fast and accurate design of microwave circuits with complex topologies
PublikacjaA robust simulation-driven design methodology of microwave circuits with complex topologies has been presented. The general method elaborated is suitable for a wide class of N-port unconventional microwave circuits constructed as a deviation from classic design solutions. The key idea of the approach proposed lies in an iterative redesign of a conventional circuit by a sequential modification and optimisation of its atomic building...
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Accelerated multi-objective design of miniaturized microwave components by means of nested kriging surrogates
PublikacjaDesign of microwave components is an inherently multiobjective task. Often, the objectives are at least partially conflicting and the designer has to work out a suitable compromise. In practice, generating the best possible trade‐off designs requires multiobjective optimization, which is a computationally demanding task. If the structure of interest is evaluated through full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, the employment of...
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ESPAR Antenna-Based WSN Node With DoA Estimation Capability
PublikacjaIn this paper, we present a low-cost energy-efficient electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna-based wireless sensor network (WSN) node designed for IEEE 802.15.4 standard that is capable of performing direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in real-life outdoor environments. To this end, we propose the WSN node architecture, design and realization that utilizes NXP JN5168 radio frequency (RF) wireless transceiver...
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An Ultra-Low-Energy Analog Comparator for A/D Converters in CMOS Image Sensors
PublikacjaThis paper proposes a new solution of an ultra-low-energy analog comparator, dedicated to slope analog-to-digital converters (ADC), particularly suited for CMOS image sensors (CISs) featuring a large number of ADCs. For massively parallel imaging arrays, this number may be as high as tens-hundreds of thousands ADCs. As each ADC includes an analog comparator, the number of these comparators in CIS is always high. Detailed analysis...
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Enhanced Spectroscopic Insight into Acceptor-Modified Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films Deposited via the Sol–Gel Method
PublikacjaIn the present paper, composite thin films of barium strontium titanate (BaxSr1−xTiO3) with an acceptor modifier (magnesium oxide—MgO) were deposited on metal substrates (stainless steel type) using the sol–gel method. The composite thin films feature BaxSr1−xTiO3 ferroelectric solid solution as the matrix and MgO linear dielectric as the reinforcement, with MgO concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 mol%. Following thermal treatment...
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Enhanced electrochemical performance of partially amorphous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ oxygen electrode materials for low-temperature solid oxide cells operating at 400 °C
PublikacjaThis work evaluates partially amorphous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) as a potential oxygen electrode for lowtemperature solid oxide cells. LSC was deposited using the spin-coating technique onto Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ (CGO) substrates. The optimal oxygen electrode thickness was determined as 500 nm. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study showed a significant improvement in oxygen reduction/oxidation reaction kinetics when annealing...
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Effects of thermal history on the performance of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ electrolyte and LiNi0.81Co0.15Al0.04O2 electrodes
PublikacjaIn this study, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with an ∼560 μm thick Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ (SDC) electrolyte and ∼890 μm thick LiNi0.81Co0.15Al0.04O2−δ (NCAL) electrodes are constructed and characterized under three experimental conditions. The cell with an NCAL cathode pre-reduced under an H2 atmosphere at 550 °C presents the best electrochemical performance. This is ascribed to facts that the reduction reaction generating Ni–Co...
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Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review
PublikacjaIn recent years, the idea of the operation of energy systems (power systems, heating systems) has changed significantly. This paper is an overview of locally balanced energy systems without the use of fossil fuels. The paper justifies the concept of local energy balancing in a new energy system that does not use fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and crude oil), based on European Union guidelines and formal documents as well as the...
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Shielded HMSIW-based frequency-tunable self-quadruplexing antenna using different solid/liquid dielectrics
PublikacjaThis article proposes a frequency-tunable self-quadruplexing antenna based on a shielded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (S-HMSIW). In order to reduce the size of the HMSIW cavity resonator and to obtain quad-band characteristics, a modied E-shaped slot is engraved on the top of the metal. The experimental validation is carried out after analyzing the data using a circuit model. Flexibility of each resonant frequency is...
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Charakterystyka eksploatacyjna pomp ciepła zainstalowanych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę eksploatacyjną sprężarkowych pomp ciepła zainstalowanych w oczyszczalni komunalnej i wykorzystujących ścieki oczyszczone jako dolne źródło ciepła. Zastosowanie ścieków oczyszczonych jest uzasadnione ich dostępnością oraz stosunkowo wysoką temperaturą (10-25°C). Prawidłowa eksploatacja układu wymaga zastosowania pośredniego obiegu parowacza oraz regularnych zabiegów czyszczenia wymiennika...
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BADANIE WPŁYWU INDUKCJI REMANENCJI NA STAN PRZEJŚCIOWY JEDNOFAZOWEGO UKŁADU TRANSFORMATOROWEGO
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i symulacyjnych wpływu indukcji remanencji w rdzeniu transformatora jednofazowego na jego stan przejściowy przy jego pracy jałowej. Badany obiekt jest układem transformatorowym o dwóch uzwojeniach nawiniętych na zwijanym z blachy anizotropowej rdzeniu w kształcie toroidu. Doświadczenia eksperymentalne polegały na rozładowywaniu kondensatora przez uzwojenie strony pierwotnej...
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Digital structures for high-speed signal processing
PublikacjaThe work covers several issues of realization of digital structures for pipelined processing of real and complex signals with the use of binary arithmetic and residue arithmetic. Basic rules of performing operations in residue arithmetic are presented along with selected residue number systems for processing of complex signals and computation of convolution. Subsequently, methods of conversion of numbers from weighted systems to...
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Selected aspects of two-phase flow studies using different visualization techniques in minichannels
PublikacjaThe subject of the study is to present the possibility of the use of visualization techniques in the researches on two-phase flows, carried out by the authors for many years. These works included as follows: heat transfer during the flow boiling, boiling crises and condensation in flow. The issue of the heat transfer intensification during the flow boiling through the channels of small diameters was analyzed. All this work focused...
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Atomistic Surrogate-Based Optimization for Simulation-Driven Design of Computationally Expensive Microwave Circuits with Compact Footprints
PublikacjaA robust simulation-driven design methodology for computationally expensive microwave circuits with compact footprints has been presented. The general method introduced in this chapter is suitable for a wide class of N-port un-conventional microwave circuits constructed as a deviation from classic design solutions. Conventional electromagnetic (EM) simulation-driven design routines are generally prohibitive when applied to numerically...
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Rearrangeability in multicast Clos networks is NP-complete
PublikacjaPrzestrajalność w polach Closa z połączeniami jeden do jeden jest problemem wielomianowym. W pracy pokazano, że w polach z połączeniami jeden do wiele problem ten jest NP zupełny.Three-stage elos networks are commutation networks with circuit switching. So far, graph theory has been very useful tool for solving issues related to these networks with unicast connections. This is so because if elos network is represented as a bipartite...
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Design of compact self-quintuplexing antenna with high-isolation for penta-band applications
PublikacjaThis article presents a novel compact self-quintuplexing antenna architecture based on a substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) for pentaband applications. The proposed self-quintuplexing antenna is constructed by employing an SIRC, one Pi-shaped slot (PSS), one T-shaped slot (TSS), and five 50Ω microstrip feedlines. The PSS and TSS are engraved on the top of the SIRC to create five radiating patches, which are excited...
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Expedited Optimization of Passive Microwave Devices Using Gradient Search and Principal Directions
PublikacjaOver the recent years, utilization of numerical optimization techniques has become ubiquitous in the design of high-frequency systems, including microwave passive components. The primary reason is that the circuits become increasingly complex to meet ever growing performance demands concerning their electrical performance, additional functionalities, as well as miniaturization. Nonetheless, as reliable evaluation of microwave device...