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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublikacjaThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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FFT analysis of temperature modulated semiconductor gas sensor response for the prediction of ammonia concentration under humidity interference
PublikacjaThe increasing environmental contamination forces the need to design reliable devices for detecting of the volatile compounds present in the air. For this purpose semiconductor gas sensors, which have been widely used for years, are often utilized. Although they have many advantages such as low price and quite long life time, they still lack of long term stability and selectivity. Namely, environmental conditions have significant...
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Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry as tool for characterization of the main pollutants present in atmospheric air in Gdansk
PublikacjaNowadays, the technique that is commonly used to identify and quantify the chemical compounds in gas sample is gas chromatography. The separation resolution in gas chromatography can be improved by applying the modulation technique. In this paper present is the most important information regarding the pollutants present in atmospheric air. The areas in which the tests were carried out are one of the largest industrial zones in...
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Rapid assessment of the authenticity of limequat fruit using the electronic nose and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
PublikacjaCitrus fruits are very popular food products. There are many species and varieties of them. There are also documented cases of some citrus fruits causing a severe allergic reaction. Some species of the citrus fruits, especially hybrid ones show a reduced allergenic effect due to the lack of seeds. There is a need for rapid methods for evaluation of citrus’ botanical origin. During research, the headspace of three citrus fruits...
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Evaluation of structural change during fast transformation process of cross-linked NR into liquid NR by light pyrolysis
PublikacjaThe presence of cross-linked networks in rubber creates a tremendous problem for recycling and reusing of waste rubber. Fast transformation of cross-linked natural rubber (NR) into liquid natural rubber was carried out by light pyrolysis in temperature range from 240 to 300 °C in variable time (in range: 1–30 min). The transformation efficiency was evaluated by measuring the sol fraction and the cross-link density of the gel fraction....
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Microwave-Reactor-Based Preparation of Red Iron Oxide Pigment from Waste Iron Sulfate
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Effect of process parameters on fouling and stability of MF/UF TiO2 membranes in a photocatalytic membrane reactor
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Rotating Magnetic Field-Assisted Reactor Enhances Mechanisms of Phage Adsorption on Bacterial Cell Surface
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Effect of the Cavitation Generation Unit Structure on the Performance of an Advanced Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor for Process Intensifications
PublikacjaThe advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs) that appeared recently have shown obvious advantages compared with conventional devices in process intensifications. In ARHCRs, the cavitation generation unit (CGU) located on the rotor and stator basically determines their performance. For the first time, the present study investigated the effect of the CGU structure on the performance of a representative ARHCR...
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Multi-objective optimization of the cavitation generation unit structure of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor
PublikacjaHydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been widely considered a promising technique for industrial-scale process intensifications. The effectiveness of HC is determined by the performance of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs). The advanced rotational HCRs (ARHCRs) proposed recently have shown superior performance in various applications, while the research on the structural optimization is still absent. The present study, for the...
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Employment of a Nonlinear Adaptive Control System for Improved Control of Dissolved Oxygen in Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublikacjaA proper control in a complex system, such as Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with each year is becoming increasingly important. High quality control can minimize an environmental impact as well as reduce operational costs of the WWTP. One of the core issues is providing adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) concetration for microorganisms used in a treatment process. An aeration process of the wastewater realised by an system consisting...
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An evaluation of sucrose as a possible contaminant in e-liquids for electronic cigarettes by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaThe influence of sucrose combustion products on smoking and nicotine addiction is still controversial because the presence of the sucrose may be treated as a source of aldehydes and organic acids. In e-liquids used as refills for electronic cigarettes, which are made primarily of poly(propylene glycol), glycerine and ethanol, sucrose may be present at trace levels, and its impact on mainstream smoke formation, and hence on human...
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Process control of air stream deodorization from vapors of VOCs using a gas sensor matrix conducted in the biotrickling filter (BTF)
PublikacjaThis article presents the validity, advisability and purposefulness of using a gas sensor matrix to monitor air deodorization processes carried out in a peat-perlite-polyurethane foam-packed biotrickling filter. The aim of the conducted research was to control the effectiveness of air stream purification from vapors of hydrophobic compounds, i.e., n-hexane and cyclohexane. The effectiveness of hydrophobic n-hexane and cyclohexane...
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Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaThe nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and...
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Numerical model for thin liquid film with evaporation and condensation on solid surfaces in systems with conjugated heat transfer
PublikacjaCondensation and evaporation processes from wetted surfaces are of utmost importance in many technological or industrial applications. In many devices such as home-appliances and air conditioning systems just to name a few, condensation and evaporation processes greatly impact their performance and energy efficiency; The physics of these processes is quite complex, involving conjugate heat transfer among solid–liquid film-gaseous...
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Comparison of two novel in-syringe dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques for the determination of iodide in water samples using spectrophotometry
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APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE MODELING FOR OPTIMIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF MALONDIALDIALDEHYDE BY VORTEX-ASSISTED DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION AND GC-FID
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Comparative Study of Taste Substance Sensing by Liquid Membrane Oscillator and Electrochemical Systems With All-Solid-State Electrodes
PublikacjaIn food industry, different types of sensors are used for characterizing and quantifying taste substances. Therefore, it is important to establish the principal advantages and disadvantages of these sensors for optimal application. In this paper, two possible systems are compared for sensing the four fundamental tastes: sour (citric acid), salty (sodium chloride), sweet (sucrose), and bitter (caffeine or quinine hydrochloride). One...
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Determination of isoprostanes in exhaled breath condensate samples by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaOxidative stress (OS) is a state of imbalance between continuously generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal cell metabolism and mechanism of detoxifying oxygen radicals through a network of antioxidative enzymes. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin -like substances that are produced in vivo primarily by free radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid. The measurement of isoprostanes in biological fluids and/or tissue...
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Compact High Efficiency and Zero-Emission Gas-Fired Power Plant with Oxy-Combustion and Carbon Capture
PublikacjaReduction of greenhouse gases emissions is a key challenge for the power generation industry, requiring the implementation of new designs and methods of electricity generation. This article presents a design solution for a novel thermodynamic cycle with two new devices—namely, a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. In the proposed cycle, high temperature occurs in the combustion chamber because of fuel combustion...
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The structure of liquid lead: EXAFS and MD studies
PublikacjaPraca poświecona jest analizie widm XAFS zmierzonych na krawędzi L3dla ciekłego ołowiu. W analizie strukturalnej EXAFS zastosowano podejście GNXAS. Przetestowano kilka modeli strukturalnych, zarówno numerycznych (MD-DLE, MD-TB), jak i tych otrzymanych doświadczalnie (ND, XRD) i ostatecznie zrekonstruowano pierwszy pik w parowej funkcji rozkładu, g(r). Zweryfikowano wcześniejsze doniesienia o obserwownym za pomocą metody XAFS gwałtownym...
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Experimental investigations of the hydroelasticity of a liquid-filled tank
PublikacjaW artykule przedstwiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych dotyczących współoddziaływania konstrukcji odkształcalnej z cieczą. Badania przeprowadzono na dwóch zbiornikach prostopadłościennych ze sprężyście odkształcalnymi ścianami szczytowymi. Badanie tego zjawiska ma odniesienie do często spotykanych zdarzeń praktycznych jak zderzenie zbiornikowca z innym statkiem lub nabrzeżem portowym.
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Experimental investigations of the model tank of a liquid filled
PublikacjaPraca dotyczy zagadnienia hydrosprężystości wewnętrznej i jest poświęcona badaniom eksperymentalnym drgań na modelu zbiornika wypełnionego cieczą. Badania dotyczą drgań giętnych w płaszczyźnie pionowej zbiornika odkształcalnego zawierającego ciecz. Otrzymano oscylogramy dla modelu suchego (brak cieczy) oraz dla modelu wypełnionego całkowicie cieczą. Następnie dokonano obróbki tych oscylogramów pod kątem badania drgań modelu w zakresie...
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Calculation of vibrational spectra for cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals
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Safely problems of partially filled liquid tanks.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono równania ruchu zbiorników wypełnionych cieczą. Przeprowadzono obliczenia numeryczne tychże zbiorników w przypadkach niebezpiecznych ze względów ekologicznych.
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Liquid crystals thermography for technical and biomedical application
PublikacjaW artykule opisano termografię ciekłokrystaliczną jako technikę wykorzystu-jącą termochromatyczne ciekłe kryształy do badań technicznych i biomedycz-nych. W szczególności dotyczy to badań wymiany ciepła i masy, chorób skór-nych i podobnych. Praca zawiera ilustracje z badań przeprowadzonych przezautorów.
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Preparation and application of lecithin formulation in liquid detergents
PublikacjaBadano solubilizację odolejonej lecytyny rzepakowej w wodnych roztworach surfaktantów anionowych, kationowych i niejonowych. Najlepszymi solubilizatorami okazały się surfaktanty anionowe (dodecylosiarczan sodu i sól sodowa oksyetylenowanego siarczanowanego alkoholu tłuszczowego). Otrzymano jednorodne preparaty lecytynowe o zawartości lecytyny do 30% i zawartości surfaktantów anionowych do 20%. Preparat lecytyny i Sulforokanolu...
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Heat transfer augmentation using liquid crystal
PublikacjaPraca przedstawia zastosowanie techniki wizualizacji ciekłokrystalicznej dobadań wymiany ciepła na płaskiej powierzchni z zaburzaczami. Folia ciekło-krystaliczna została umieszczona na powierzchni, aby określić przebieg izoterm. Obraz rejestrowano kamerą JVC, a następnie analizowano komputerowo. Procedura eksperymentalna pozwala na otrzymanie pełnej informacji dotyczącej wymiany ciepła (na powierzchni płaskiej z elementami ustawionymi...
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Methods of liquid biofuels production - the bioethanol example.
PublikacjaEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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METHODS OF LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION – THE BIOETHANOL EXAMPLE
PublikacjaEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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The electrical, morphological and optical properties of heavily boron-doped diamond sheets as a function of methane concentration in the gas phase
PublikacjaBoron-doped diamonds (BDD) are known for their excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, high mobility, low absorption in visible light, and biocompatibility. In this work, we investigated the electrical, morphological and optical properties of heavily boron-doped diamond thin sheets as a function of methane concentration in the gas phase. Free-standing diamond sheets were fabricated using a microwave plasma-assisted...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Silica Gel Impregnated by Deep Eutectic Solvents for Adsorptive Removal of BTEX from Gas Streams
PublikacjaThe paper presents the preparation of new adsorbents based on silica gel (SiO2) impregnated with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to increase benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX) adsorption efficiency from gas streams. The DESs were synthesized by means of choline chloride, tetrapropylammonium bromide, levulinic acid, lactic acid, and phenol. The physico-chemical properties of new sorbent materials, including surface...
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Diagnostic tolerances' evaluation method of the start-up exhaust temperature of a naval gas turbine
PublikacjaThe conducted investigations aimed to elaborate the method of marking diagnostic tolerances of the exhaust temperature of a gas turbine observed during engine's start-up process. The diagnostic tolerances were determined by means of statistical inference by creating the hypothesis about a normal distribution of the start-up exhaust temperature's dispersion in the initial operation moment, which was subsequently verified applying...
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Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes properties on the photocatalytic activity of bismuth-based composites synthesised via an imidazolium ionic liquid
PublikacjaThe use of various types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the synthesis of bismuth oxybromide semiconductors via imidazolium ionic liquid was studied in detail. The effect of the MWCNT shape, specific surface area, and various diameters on the morphology, surface properties and photoactivity of the Bi-based composites has been investigated for the first time. So far, the literature has only shown the enhancement of photocatalytic...
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The influence of the fuel spray nozzle geometry on the exhaust gas composition from the marine 4-stroke diesel engine
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental research on a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged AL25/30 Diesel engine. Research consisted in investigating the effect of the geometry of the fuel injectors on the exhaust gas composition from the engine. During measurements, the engine was operated with a regulator characteristic of a load range from 40 kW to 280 kW, made by electric water resistance. The engine was mechanically coupled to the electric...
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Electrocatalytic gas sensor response analysis
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono i porównano metody analizy odpowiedzi elektrokatalitycznych czujników gazów toksycznych. Opisane metody pozwalają na ekstrakcje z odpowiediz czujników informacji o rodzaju gazu oraz o jego stężeniu.
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Materials for potentiometric electrochemical gas sensors
PublikacjaPublikacja przeglądowa na temat zasady działania oraz rodzajów czujników elektrochemicznych gazów.
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Gas-steam mixture wood drying
PublikacjaBadania skuteczności suszenia wysokotemperaturowego suszenia drewna w komorze suszarniczej - wstępne wyniki.
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Gas sensors based on superionic conductors
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono przegląd rozwiązań elektrochemicznych czujników gazów na bazie elektrolitów stałych.
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Fluctuation phenomena in semiconductor gas sensors
PublikacjaCzujniki gazu mogą być wytwarzane z cienkiej warstwy półprzewodnika, która po podgrzaniu do odpowiedniej temperatury staje się czuła na gaz. Zjawisko to jest dobrze znane i szeroko opisane w literaturze. Jako wskaźnik detekcji gazu wykorzystuje się zmianę rezystancji stałoprądowej czujnika. Zwiększenie czułości i, co najważniejsze z praktycznego punktu widzenia, selektywności dyskryminacji można uzyskać jeśli warstwa półprzewodnika...
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Tools for signal analysis of gas sensors
PublikacjaStatystyki drugiego rzedu oraz jklasyczna analiza widmowa są zwykle stosowane do badania sygnałów losowych o rozkładzie gaussowskim. Są one jednak często nieodpowiednie w przypadku analizy niestacjonarnych sygnałów niegaussowskich. Pewne narzędzia do analizy takich sygnałów sa dostępne w bibliotekach środowiska MATLAB. Zostały one wykorzystane do do analizy fluktuacji sygnałów czujników gazów. W artykule przedstawiono system do...
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On the selectivity of nanostructured semiconductor gas sensors
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Gas turbine: advanced marine propulsion.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono rys historyczny rozwoju okrętowych turbin gazowych. Omówiono główne problemy zastosowania turbiny gazowej jako głównego silnika okrętowego i współczesne tendencje rozwoju tego napędu.
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Hydraulic impact in a long gas-pipelines
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono model hydraulicznej linii długiej rurociągu gazowego. Obliczenia numeryczne dotyczą procesów dynamicznych w rurociągu gazowym przy nagłym zamknięciu zaworu na końcu rurociągu. Badano wpływ współczynnika izentropy przesyłanego gazu na wielkość uderzenia hydraulicznego oraz wpływ inercyjności zaworu na możliwość łagodzenia uderzenia hydraulicznego.
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Solid-state electrochemical gas sensors
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono budowę i zasadę działania wybranych typów elektrochemicznych czujników gazów zbudowanych na bazie elektrolitów stałych.
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Gas chromatography-olfactometry of alcoholic beverages
PublikacjaW rozdziale 5 książki przedstawiono zastosowanie techniki chromatografia gazowa-olfaktometria (GC-O)w ustalaniu zależności między zapachem a składem chemicznym lotnej frakcji napojów alkoholowych. W pierwszej części przedstawiono zasadę techniki GC-O, procedury przygotowania próbek do analizy, metody zbierania danych oraz warunki analizy. Następnie omówiono zastosowanie techniki GC-O w analizie i ocenie jakości różnych napojów...
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DESIGN ANALYSIS OF HYBRID GAS TURBINE - FUEL CELL POWER PLANT IN STATIONARY AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
PublikacjaThe paper concerns design analysis of a hybrid gas turbine power plant with a fuel cell (stack). The aim of this work was to find the most favorable variant of the medium capacity (approximately 50 MW) hybrid system. In the article, computational analysis of two variants of such a system was carried out. The analysis let to calculate capacity, efficiency of both variants and other parameters like flu gas temperature. The paper...
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Methods of assaying volatile oxygenated organic compounds in effluent samples by gas chromatography—A review
PublikacjaThe paper is a review of the procedures for the determination of volatile and semivolatile oxygenated organic compounds (O-VOCs) in effluent samples by gas chromatography. Current trends and outlook for individual steps of the procedure for the determination of O-VOCs in effluents are discussed. The available sample preparation techniques and their limitations are described along with GC capillary columns used for O-VOCs separation...