Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: concrete technology
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Electrochemical investigations of conductive coatings applied as anodes in cathodic protection of reinforced concrete
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Hygrothermal and strength properties of cement mortars containing cenospheres
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Mechanical and microstructural properties of cement pastes containing carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-silica core-shell structures, exposed to elevated temperature
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Determination of percolation threshold in cement composites with expanded graphite by impedance spectroscopy
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Influence of grout proportions on modulus of elascity of two-stage concrete
PublikacjaOmówiono badania doświadczalne przeprowadzone dla betonu dwuetapowego. Beton wykonano z kruszywa otoczakowego przy zastosowaniu trzech różnych proporcji w/c i c/p. Na drodze statystycznej opracowano prosty wzór umożliwiający wstępne szacowanie wartości siecznego modułu Younga. Ponieważ metoda dwuetapowa pozwala na zachowanie kontaktu pomiędzy poszczególnymi elementami kamiennego szkieletu wypełniającego formę, wytrzymałość uzyskanego...
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A three-dimensional meso-scale approach to concrete fracture based on combined DEM with x-ray micro-CT images
PublikacjaArtykuł omawia wyniki numeryczne uzyskane stosując 3-wymiarowy mezoskopowy model do opisu pękania w betonie na poziomie kruszywa w belce z nacięciem podczas zginania. Do obliczeń użyto metodę elementów dyskretnych. Beton został opisany jako materiał 4-fazowy złożony z kruszywa, zaprawy, makro-porów i stref przejściowych miedzy kruszywem a zaprawą. Kształt i położenia kruszywa przyjęto na podstawie skanów z mikro-tomografu. Uzyskano...
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Modeling, simulation, and validation of a TB41 crash test of the H2/W5/B concrete vehicle restraint system
PublikacjaThe paper addresses numerical simulations of a concrete vehicle restraint system. The model is described in detail. The advanced material law of the continuous surface cap model was used to analyze the damage locations in concrete barrier segments. The results were validated against the TB41 full-scale crash test. The test was conducted in compliance with European standard EN 1317, and the validation was performed in accordance...
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Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars in experiments and according to aci ACI 440.1R guide
PublikacjaThe paper presents research conducted on two concrete slabs reinforced with the carbon composite bars and two other concrete slabs reinforced with basalt composite bars. The carbon bars were plain, while the basalt ones were ribbed. The slabs were experimentally investigated in the flexural state of effort with the concentrated forces applied. The results are compared with the analytical solution proposed in the guide ACI 440.1R-06...
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Experimental investigations of damage evolution in concrete during bending by continuous micro-CT scanning
PublikacjaThe paper describes experimental investigation results of fracture in notched concrete beams under quasi-static three-point bending. To visualize 3D fracture in concrete under bending, an extended X-ray micro-computed tomography system was used, i.e. the tomography system SkyScan 1173 was connected to the loading machine ISTRON 5569. This combined system enabled to shot images of deforming concrete beams during a continuous deformation...
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Diagnostics of pillars in St. Mary’s Church (Gdańsk, Poland) using the GPR method
PublikacjaThe main goal of this study was non-destructive evaluation of pillars in the St. Mary’s Church (Gdańsk, Poland) using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) technique. The GPR inspection was conducted on four brick masonry pillars and five pillars strengthened by reinforced concrete jacketing. Data were acquired with a 2 GHz antenna along longitudinal and transverse profiles. The study involved the estimation of the electromagnetic...
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Guided wave propagation for assessment of adhesive bonding between steel and concrete
PublikacjaAdhesive bonding is becoming more increasingly important in joining of structural elements. In civil engineering, there is a growing interest in connection by adhesive bonding in steel-concrete flexural members. This study concerns the guided wave propagation technique applied to condition assessment of an adhesive connection between a steel member and a concrete beam. Various states of degradation were considered by producing...
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Experimental-Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Bar Diameter on Bond in Pull-Out Test
PublikacjaBar diameter is one of the basic factors affecting bond behavior, which is still of interest due to opposing opinions regarding its effect on bond behavior in the pull-out test. This paper presents an experimental and numerical bond analysis of ribbed reinforcing bar in concrete. The aim was to experimentally evaluate the effect of bar diameter on the bond behavior in the pull-out test and to perform numerical simulations of the...
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Mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with recycled and industrial steel fibers using Digital Image Correlation technique and X-ray micro computed tomography
PublikacjaPaper presents investigation of fracture phenomenon in plain concrete and in concrete reinforced with both recycled steel fibers (RSF) and industrial steel fibers (ISF). The wedge splitting test (WST), which enables stable crack propagation for quasi-brittle materials, was carried out on 75 75 75 mm cube samples. Initially, fracture process zone development was investigated only on the surface of samples using Digital Image Correlation...
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Load-carrying capacity of axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns made of thin tubes
PublikacjaAn experimental investigation was conducted on 30 CFST columns. An influence of the following factors on load-carrying capacity of the investigated columns was analyzed: the column slenderness (l1 = 42, l2 = 27 and l3 = 15), the tube thickness (the reinforcement ratio was equal to 4% or 6%), the way of applying the load to CFST columns (through the concrete core or through the entire cross-section), the bond strength between a...
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Cost Analysis of Prefabricated Elements of the Ordinary and Lightweight Concrete Walls in Residential Construction
PublikacjaGlobal economic growth causes an increase in natural resources exploitation, particularly in construction branch. The growing use of electricity contributes to climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to search the solutions, which will allow for reducing natural resources exploitation. One of the many opportunities to do that is the application of the recycled materials. The authors of the given article have analyzed three variants...
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The experimental research on RC columns, loaded at sign-variable eccentricity
PublikacjaThe research focuses on testing the behaviour of the reinforced concrete columns compressed at a variable eccentricity. The fact of possible variable eccentricity in compressed columns is not considered in the current calculation procedures. The objective of the research was to examine whether indeed the load history has no impact and whether the reinforced concrete columns compressed at eccentric of variable sign could be analysed...
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A novel formulation of 3D spectral element for wave propagation in reinforced concrete
PublikacjaThe paper deals with numerical simulations of wave propagation in reinforced concrete for damage detection purposes. A novel formulation of a 3D spectral element was proposed. The reinforcement modelled as the truss spectral element was embedded in the 3D solid spectral finite element. Numerical simulations have been conducted on cuboid concrete specimens reinforced with two steel bars. Different degradation models were considered...
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SIGNIFICANT GUIDELINE FOR THE DAMAGE INDICES APPLIED TO REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
PublikacjaIn this paper, based on a deep overview and literature study, the different formulas proposed for damage indices (DIs) applied to reinforced concrete structures under monotonic or cyclic loading are classified and presented. The DIs are applied to quantify the damages to structures, ranging from zero to one. Normally, they are applied to make a decision for repairing or demolition of the structures in the post-earthquake phases. Keywords:...
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Mechanical Performance and Environmental Assessment of Sustainable Concrete Reinforced with Recycled End-of-Life Tyre Fibres
PublikacjaThe presented research’s main objective was to develop the solution to the global problem of using steel waste obtained during rubber recovery during the tire recycling. A detailed comparative analysis of mechanical and physical features of the concrete composite with the addition of recycled steel fibres (RSF) in relation to the steel fibre concrete commonly used for industrial floors was conducted. A study was carried out using...
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An experimental study of self-sensing concrete enhanced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes in wedge splitting test and DIC
PublikacjaConcrete is the worldwide most utilized construction material because of its very good performance, forming ability, long-term durability, and low costs. Concrete is a brittle material prone to cracking. Extensive cracking may impact durability and performance over time considerably. The addition of a small amount of carbon nanotubes (CNT) increases the concrete’s overall electrical conductivity, enabling internal structure...
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A 95-Year-Old Concrete Arch Bridge: From Materials Characterization to Structural Analysis
PublikacjaThe structural analysis of a 95-year-old concrete arch bridge located in Jagodnik (Poland) is performed in this paper, in order to check its behavior under today’s traffic loads. The mechanical properties of both the concrete and the reinforcement are investigated by testing cores and bar stubs extracted from the bridge. Structural analysis confirms that the bridge meets today’s load requirements in terms of bearing capacity, serviceability...
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A study on microcrack monitoring in concrete: discrete element method simulations of acoustic emission for non-destructive diagnostics
PublikacjaThe research is focused on the monitoring of fracture evolution in concrete beams under three-point bending using the acoustic emission technique and the discrete element method. The main objective of the study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanism behind the generation of elastic waves during acoustic emission events and their interaction with micro- and macro-cracking in concrete beams under monotonic...
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Corrosion of AISI1018 and AISI304 steel exposed to sulfates
PublikacjaThis research analyses the behavior of corrosion, durability, and quality of reinforced concrete samples coated with two different materials when exposed to contaminated soil with sulfates. The initial assessment involved evaluating the water absorption rate of the coating materials before and after exposure to a solution containing 3%푁푎2푆푂4+3%푀푔푆푂4+3%퐾2푆푂4+3%퐶푎푆푂4to determine their durability. the corrosion...
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Two-dimensional simulations of concrete fracture at aggregate level with cohesive elements based on X-ray lCT images
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of two-dimensional meso-scale simulations of fracture in notched concrete beams subjected to three-point bending test. Concrete was assumed as a 4-phase material composed of aggregate grains placed in the cement matrix, interfacial transitional zones (ITZs) and macro-voids. The particle distribution was taken from real concrete beams on the basis of X-ray lCT images. Comprehensive numerical analyses were carried...
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Investigations on strength and fracture in RC beams scaled along height or length
PublikacjaThe objective of the present paper is to identify experimentally and theoretically differing failure mechanisms in reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point bending for a separate variation of the depth and length at the constant thickness. Experiments were performed on reinforced concrete beams under four-point bending. Different failure mechanisms included steel yielding, diagonal tension or shear- compression depending...
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Displacements of chimney in the light of computer calculations and surveying
PublikacjaThe article presents the numerical analysis of reinforced concrete chimney displacements, which was carried out geodetic measurements.
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Experimental investigations on concrete beams reinforced with CFRP lamellas
PublikacjaPaper presents experimental investigation made on two concrete beams reinforced with internal Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) lamellas (i.e. strips, bands). The reinforcement geometrical arrangement was similar as in normal concrete beams reinforced with steel bars and stirrups. The beams were destroyed by the shear forces, as intended. Obtained load-carrying capacities were lower as expected: below 40% of a calculated value....
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Numerical FDM modelling of wave propagation in concrete structure
PublikacjaThe article presents application of finite difference method to damage detection and its size evaluation in concrete structure by elastic wave propagation method. The simulations of wave propagation in concrete structure were performed for six different damage scenarios. Damages were modelled as areas with changed material properties. Investigation focused on the influence of damage size on the energy of wave reflection. Presented...
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Experimental and numerical investigations for GPR evaluation of reinforced concrete footbridge
PublikacjaThe GPR method has increasingly found application in non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures. This paper presents the new approach of modelling of the electromagnetic wave propagation for reinforced concrete structures with a complex system of the reinforcement. Simulations of the GPR field were performed on a three-dimensional model of a footbridge using the FDTD method. Numerical maps were compared with results...
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OPTICAL STRAIN MEASUREMENT OF CONCRETE VERSUS MANUAL EXTENSOMETER MEASUREMENT BASED ON THE TEST RC DEEP BEAM IN A COMPLEX STATE OF STRESS
PublikacjaThe purpose of this study is to compare the strain measurement techniques of concrete in R-C element subjected to the monotonic load up to the failure. In the analysis manual extensometer methods of measurements and the optical system ARAMIS for non-contact three-dimensional measurements of deformation was used. The test sample was a cantilever deep beam loaded throughout the depth which was a part of the reinforced concrete deep...
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Study of the Resistance to Influence of Aggressive Liquids on Concrete with Lightweight Aggregate
PublikacjaThe corrosion of the structure of concrete caused by the aggressive external environment is one of the main problems that can reduce the durability of buildings. The paper analyzes the influence of the type of component on selected properties of lightweight concrete (LWC) exposed to aggressive liquids. When lightweight concrete containing porous aggregates is used, the influence of an aggressive environment may be of particular...
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Coda wave interferometry in monitoring the fracture process of concrete beams under bending test
PublikacjaEarly detection of damage is necessary for the safe and reliable use of civil engineering structures made of concrete. Recently, the identification of micro-cracks in concrete has become an area of growing interest, especially using wave-based techniques. In this paper, a non-destructive testing approach for the characterization of the fracture process was presented. Experimental tests were made on concrete beams subjected to mechanical...
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GPR investigation of the strengthening system of a historic masonry tower
PublikacjaIn this paper the condition assessment of the strengthening system of a masonry tower was carried out by the GPR method. The study provided unique experimental data acquired during measurements of the reinforced concrete frame embedded in masonry walls. Conducted numerical and experimental investigations were focused on the phenomenon of the diffraction-refraction scattering of the electromagnetic energy. A hyperbola resulting...
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Verification of Selected Calculation Methods Regarding Shear Strength in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Beams
PublikacjaThe purpose of this article was an attempt to compare selected calculation methods regarding shear strength in reinforced and prestressed concrete beams. Several calculation methods were tested. This included codes: PN-EN 1992-1-1:2008 [1], ACI 318- 14 [2] and fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 [3]. The analysis also consists of methods published in technical literature. Calculations of shear strengths were made based...
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FE investigations of the effect of fluctuating local tensile strength on coupled energetic-statistical size effect in concrete beams
PublikacjaThe effect of fluctuating local tensile strength on a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in plain concrete beams under bending was numerically investigated. First, the influence of varying autocorrelation length of the random field describing a spatial variation of local tensile strength was studied. Next, the influence of the coefficient of variation of local tensile strength was analyzed. The numerical FE investigations...
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Causes of damage and methods of repairing floor made on polystyrene concrete
PublikacjaThe paper describes damages, tests and repair of the floor made on existing ceiling and expanded polystyrene concrete underlay. The floor was built on a reinforced concrete ceiling with an area of about 1050 m2. Significant damage in the form of cracks, detachments and unevenness was found in the floor. In order to determine the causes of damage, in situ tests and laboratory tests were carried out. It was found that the damage...
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Design of septic tanks placed on cohesive soils
PublikacjaThe paper presents a short review of literature with regard to design and erection of the reinforced concrete and concrete tanks. The authors investigated the underground septic tank with of 10 m3 capacity placed on cohesive soils. The authors compared the values of internal forces for soils in drained and undrained conditions with different geotechnical parameters: loamy sand of liquidity index IL = 0.1 and IL = 0.7 and clay with...
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Modelling hydraulic and capillary-driven two-phase fluid flow in unsaturated concretes at the meso-scale with a unique coupled DEM-CFD technique
PublikacjaThe goal of the research was to demonstrate the impact of thin porous interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between aggregates and cement matrix on fluid flow in unsaturated concrete caused by hydraulic/capillary pressure. To demonstrate this impact, a novel coupled approach to simulate the two-phase (water and moist air) flow of hydraulically and capillary-driven fluid in unsaturated concrete was developed. By merging the discrete...
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Investigations on fracture in reinforced concrete beams in 3-point bending using continuous micro-CT scanning
PublikacjaThis study explores a fracture process in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. RC beams were short and long with included longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a steel or basalt bar. The ratio of the shear span to the effective depth was 1.5 and 0.75. The focus was on the load–deflection diagram and crack formation. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses of the size and distribution...
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Characterization of Corrosion-Induced Fracture in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Electrical Potential, Ultrasound and Low-Frequency Vibration
PublikacjaThe paper deals with the non-destructive experimental testing of the reinforced concrete beams under progressive corrosion. A series of experiments using electrical potential, ultrasound and low-frequency vibrations techniques are reported. Electrical potential and natural frequencies were used to characterise and monitor the corrosion process at its initial state. The P-wave velocity measurements were proved to be effective in...
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Numerical investigations on early indicators of fracture in concrete at meso-scale.
PublikacjaFracture is a major reason of the global failure of concretes. The understanding of fracture is important to ensure the safety of structures and to optimize the material behaviour. In particular an early prediction possibility of fracture in concretes is of major importance. In this paper, concrete fracture under bending was numerically analysed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The real mesoscopic structure of a concrete...
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Structural Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams Incorporating Waste Plastic Straws
PublikacjaThe behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing fibers made of waste plastic straws (WPSs) under the three point bending test is examined. The effect of WPS fiber addition on the compressive and split tensile strength is reported. Four concrete mixes were prepared. The control mix PS-0 had a proportion of 1 cement: 1 sand: 2 coarse aggregate and a water cement ratio of 0.4. In the other three mixes PS-0.5, PS-1.5 and PS-3,...
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Influence of low-temperature physical hardening on stiffness and tensile strength of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt
PublikacjaThis paper presents laboratory testing of stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength of three asphalt concrete (AC) and three stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixes after isothermal storage at temperature of -20oC, at different time intervals up to 16 days. The tests under repeated dynamic loading showed physical hardening of all tested mixes which was manifested by an evident increase of their stiffness moduli after isothermal...
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Evaluation of the potential of Microwave Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry for trace elements leaching assessment from the concrete matrix with sewage sludge ash additives
PublikacjaThe management of ash generated during the thermal utilization of sewage sludge is a significant environmental problem requiring an effective technological solution. One alternative way to dispose of sewage sludge is to bind it in concrete as a substitute for part of the aggregate. The properties of the C-S-H phase enable effective immobilization of harmful substances that sewage sludge contains. The amount of individual compounds...
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Evaluation of Thermal Stresses in Asphalt Layers in Comparison with TSRST Test Results
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of calculations and laboratory determination of thermal stresses at low temperatures. The modified Hills and Brien's method was used to calculate the thermal stresses in asphalt layers of pavements and the results were compared against the values obtained at a laboratory with the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) method. The laboratory investigations were conducted using plain grade...
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Evaluation of the resistance of steel–concrete adhesive connection in reinforced concrete beams using guided wave propagation
PublikacjaThe development of the nondestructive diagnostic methods is of significant importance in the last decades. A special attention is paid to diagnostics of reinforced concrete structures, which are very popular in the civil engineering field. A possible use of the guided waves in the estimation of the resistance of steel–concrete adhesive connection is studied in the following paper. The relationships relating adhesive connection...
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Characterization of fracture process in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete using ultrasonic waves and digital image correlation
PublikacjaThis study explores the monitoring of the fracture process in concrete beams and aims to characterize the evolution of damage in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete beams by utilizing the integrated application of two measurement techniques, digital image correlation and ultrasonic testing. The interpretation of registered wave time histories data was provided by the calculation of the magnitude-phase-composite metrics. An efficient...
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Shaft friction from the DMT and direct shear interface tests
PublikacjaThe article presents preliminary attempt to create tri-linear transfer curves for describing pile behaviour under axial loading. Transfer curves would use the parameter measured in dilatometer test, particularly a constrained modulus MDMT. The proposed method is based on concrete rough and smooth interface tests performed in a direct shear apparatus. Based on the obtained mobilization curves, relationships were created between...
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Ultrasonic diagnostics of concrete T-beams used in bridge structures
PublikacjaThis paper describes a method of ultrasonic diagnostics used for prefabricated concrete elements. The studies are focused on the applicability of nondestructive techniques based on impulse and wave packet induced elastic waves for the condition assessment of T-shaped bridge beams. Experimental tests were performed for the prestressed beam used for the superstructure of the viaduct on A1 highway near Toruń. In addition numerical...
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Monitoring the fracture process of concrete during splitting using integrated ultrasonic coda wave interferometry, digital image correlation and X-ray micro-computed tomography
PublikacjaThe paper deals with the continuous-time monitoring of mechanical degradation in concrete cubes under splitting. A series of experiments performed with integrated coda wave interferometry (CWI) and digital image correlation (DIC), supported with X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is reported. DIC and micro-CT techniques were used to characterize the fracture process in detail. CWI method was proved to be effective in the...