Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: THIN PLATE GIRDER · TECHNOLOGICAL TENSIONING · DEFECTION · PRESTRESS · TECHNOLOGICAL COMPRESSION - MOST Wiedzy

Wyszukiwarka

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: THIN PLATE GIRDER · TECHNOLOGICAL TENSIONING · DEFECTION · PRESTRESS · TECHNOLOGICAL COMPRESSION

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: THIN PLATE GIRDER · TECHNOLOGICAL TENSIONING · DEFECTION · PRESTRESS · TECHNOLOGICAL COMPRESSION

  • Study on Combined Optical and Electrochemical Analysis Using Indium-tin-oxide-coated Optical Fiber Sensor

    Publikacja
    • M. Śmietana
    • P. Niedziałkowski
    • W. Białobrzeska
    • D. Burnat
    • P. Sezemsky
    • M. Koba
    • V. Stranak
    • K. Siuzdak
    • T. Ossowski
    • R. Bogdanowicz

    - ELECTROANALYSIS - Rok 2019

    The growing needs for fast and reliable sensing devices stimulate development of new technological solutions. In this work a new multi-domain sensing method is demonstrated where optical sensing device has been applied to enhance amount of data received during electrochemical analysis. Thin, optically transparent, high-refractive-index, and electrically conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) film was deposited using magnetron sputtering...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Future Skills and Education in a Computerized World

    As computerization of Western economies has advanced, the supply of the demand for routine cognitive tasks and routine manual tasks has fallen. Computerization has increased labour input of nonroutine cognitive tasks which has favourized high educated workers. Similarly, there is clear evidence of an increase in demand for high skilled workforce which originates from poor machine performance of nonroutine...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Risk factor assessment in agricultural supply chain by fuzzy logic

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2024

    Significant uncertainty characterizes the harvest period. This aspect is due to various risks impacting agrifood supply chains. The occurrence of risks is due to hazards: technological failures, technical breakdowns, or adverse weather conditions. Hence, the operational time of the agricultural supply chain during the harvest period increases due to such risk factors. In essence, some hazards are fuzzy, and the nature of most threats...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Understanding Fuel Saving and Clean Fuel Strategies Towards Green Maritime

    Publikacja
    • V. N. Nguyen
    • K. Rudzki
    • M. Dzida
    • N. D. K. Pham
    • M. T. Pham
    • P. Q. P. Nguyen
    • P. N. Xuan

    - Polish Maritime Research - Rok 2023

    Due to recent emission-associated regulations imposed on marine fuel, ship owners have been forced to seek alternate fuels, in order to meet the new limits. The aim of achieving low-carbon shipping by the year 2050, has meant that alternative marine fuels, as well as various technological and operational initiatives, need to be taken into account. This article evaluates and examines recent clean fuels and novel clean technologies...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • On Nonlinear Dynamic Theory of Thin Plates with Surface Stresses

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2019

    We discuss the modelling of dynamics of thin plates considering surface stresses according to Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity. Taking into account the surface mass density we derive the two-dimensional (2D) equations of motion. For the reduction of the three-dimensional (3D) motion equations to the 2D ones we use the trough-the-thickness integration procedure. As a result, the 2D dynamic parameters of the plate depend not only...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Marta Kuźma mgr

  • Assessment of the factors influencing on the formation of energy-oriented modes of electric power consumption by water-drainage installations of the mines

    Publikacja
    • O. Sinchuk
    • I. Sinchuk
    • T. Beridze
    • Y. Filipp
    • K. Budnikov
    • O. Dozorenko
    • R. Strzelecki

    - Mining of Mineral Deposits - Rok 2021

    Purpose. Performing the analysis to determine energy-efficient modes and assess the characteristics of the main indicators of electric power consumption by mine water-drainage installations based on the developed research mathematical model. Methods. To achieve the purpose set, a methodology is used to develop the multiple multifactor correlation-regression modeling with respect to the modes of electric power consumption by electrical...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Application of artificial intelligence into/for control of flexible manufacturing cell

    Publikacja

    The application of artificial intelligence in technological processes control is usually limited. One problem is how to respond to changes in the environment of manufacturing system. A way to overcome the above shortcoming is to use fuzzy logic for representation of the inexact information. In this paper fundamentals of artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic are introduced from a theoretical point of view. Still more the fuzzy...

  • Spatial Modelling in Environmental Analysis and Civil Engineering

    As can be seen, Spatial Modelling in Environmental Analysis and Civil Engineering applies to a multitude of applications. In an attempt to bring the topic closer to potential readers, the special issue referred to security methods, optimization of calculations, conducting measurements and empirical tests. Each article has made an original contribution to the development of practical science that can be replicated by researchers...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS IN EXTRACTION PROCESS

    Developing new, eco-friendly solvents which would meet technological and economic demands is perhaps the most popular aspects of Green Chemistry. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) fully meet green chemistry principles. These solvents offer many advantages including biodegradability, low toxicity, sustainability, low costs and simple preparation. This paper provides an overview of knowledge regarding NADES with special emphasis...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Perforating systems in shale gas recovery

    Publikacja

    Hydraulic fracturing is common method of shale gas recovery. Due to environmental, economical and technological problems many alternative technologies have been developed. One of the most promising group of technologies is based on perforating systems. This paper describes theoretical and practical aspects of best known technologies used to create perforations. New perforating/fracturing technologies which can replace hydraulic fracturing...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Experimental research on over-laminated steel sandwich panel connection to determine the form of fatigue failure

    The novel means of transport need to meet rising both the economic and ecologic requirements. In recent years the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced new measure of ship energy efficiency (the EEDI index), as well as new regulations regarding higher quality of fuel (so called Tier limits). It resulted in much higher interest of the technological development of ships. One of the solution having great potential is...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • ECONOMICAL AND SAFE METHOD OF GRANULAR MATERIAL STORAGE IN SILOS IN OFFSHORE PORT TERMINALS

    Publikacja

    - Polish Maritime Research - Rok 2018

    The article discusses issues related with storage of granular materials in silos made of corrugated sheets and reinforced with vertical ribs. Advantages and disadvantages of these structures are named, and typical technological solutions used by largest silo producers are presented. Moreover, basic assumptions of Eurocode 3 are discussed in the context of determining the buckling load capacity of a ribbed jacket. Alternative methods...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Optimization of clamping stiffness during milling of high-dimensional structures with the use of techniques of experiment – aided virtual prototyping

    The subject of this paper is a method of searching for conditions of minimizing the vibration level of a tool-high dimensional flexible workpiece, at unchangeable technological parameters of the machining process. It depends on repeatable change of the values of the stiffness coefficients as soon as an optimal vibration state of the workpiece approaches. There are assessed the values of dominant ”peaks” in the frequency spectra...

  • On the Disaster Resiliency within the Context of 5G Networks : The RECODIS Experience

    Publikacja
    • C. Esposito
    • A. Gouglidis
    • D. Hutchison
    • A. Gurtov
    • B. Helvik
    • P. Heegaard
    • G. Rizzo
    • J. Rak

    - Rok 2018

    Network communications and the Internet pervade our daily activities so deeply that we strongly depend on the availability and quality of the services they provide. For this reason, natural and technological disasters, by affecting network and service availability, have a potentially huge impact on our daily lives. Ensuring adequate levels of resiliency is hence a key issue that future network paradigms, such as 5G, need to address. This...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • 3D GIS technology. More accurate GIS-every-day-reality

    Geographical space can be described with the Geographic Information System (GIS). It consists of software, hardware, data, algorithms, procedures for processing information and accessibility, as well as the people who use the system and the legal, technological and organisational procedures. GIS is commonly applied in such studies as “Environmental Protection Programmes”, and in numerous reports and documents regarding spatial...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Android OS: A Review

    Due to the technological development, mobile terminals have evolved into functionally sophisticated devices such as smartphones and tablets. The Android platform has become one of the most popular operating system with millions of new users each year. Despite many studies, none have provided a comprehensive description of this operating system. In this paper we present a review of the Android OS. We describe the platforms history...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The low coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with diamond and ZnO layers

    Publikacja

    The authors present a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer built with the application of diamond and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layers. Thin ZnO films were deposited on the tip of a standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF- 28) while the diamond layer was grown on the plate of silicon substrate. Investigated ZnO layers were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the diamond films were deposited using Microwave...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • An Overview of Sport and the Future Smart Cities

    Publikacja

    One of the main challenges for future cities is to strengthen the role of people and their activities. Therefore, sport provides an opportunity to engage in physical activity, connecting citizens to the city. The question of how sport influences the development of cities and the concept of future smart cities arises. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between sport and the concept of smart cities by identifying...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • DESIGN LOGICAL LINGUISTIC MODELS TO CALCULATE NECESSITY IN TRUCKS DURING AGRICULTURAL CARGOES LOGISTICS USING FUZZY LOGIC

    Publikacja
    • I. Medvediev
    • D. Muzylyov
    • N. Shramenko
    • P. Nosko
    • P. Eliseyev
    • V. Ivanov

    - Acta Logistica - Rok 2020

    : The study is aimed to develop the logic-linguistic models to design a number of rules for the correct calculation of the vehicles needed, taking into account the technical, technological, and weather and climate conditions of the harvesting and transport complex. The article has shown that the construction of the design of logic-linguistic models was not performed earlier to solve the problem of the agro-industrial production...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • A novel architecture of Web-GIS for mapping and analysis of echinococcosis in Poland

    Publikacja

    - Applied Geomatics - Rok 2022

    Echinococcosis is an infectious disease transferred through ingestion of food or water which have been contaminated with eggs of the Echinococcus tapeworm, which are spread by intermediate parasite hosts. Because the latter are primarily territorial, research related to diagnosis and prevention of echinococcosis requires investigation of environmental factors, which can be supported with the use of a Geographical Information System...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Polygons vs. clumps of discs: A numerical study of the influence of grain shape on the mechanical behaviour of granular materials

    Publikacja

    - POWDER TECHNOLOGY - Rok 2011

    We performed a series of numerical vertical compression tests on assemblies 01 20 granular material using a Discrete Element code and studied the results with regard to the grain shape. The samples consist of 5000 grains made from either 3 overlapping discs (clumps - grains with concavities) or six-edged polygons (convex grains). These two grain type have similar external envelope, which is a fund ion of a geometrical parameter...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • The validation process of truss model with joint eccentricities

    Nowadays, due to the technological reasons in modern lightweight steel trusses, fabricated from cold-formed sections, positive eccentricities appear in the truss nodes, to induce additional forces truss chords. In order to account for the real load-carrying capacity of truss node area the steel structure research was conducted in scale 1:1. As a result of experimental research, the forms of deformation and strains of the walls...

  • State of the art in the field of emission reduction of sulphur dioxide produced during coal combustion

    Publikacja

    - CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Rok 2017

    The need for clean coal technologies to reduce the adverse environmental impact of coal combustion products has been grounded. The article deals with information concerning present and future technologies, directed towards the struggle against air pollution by SO2, produced during coal combustion. Their classification and critical rating from economical and technological points of views (including those developed by authors) have...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    This book provides extensive evidence on information and communication technologies development patterns and dynamics of this process across developed economies over the period 1980 to the present day. It adopts newly developed methodology to identification of the ‘critical mass’ and isolation of technological takeoff intervals, which are intimately related to the process of technology diffusion. The statistically robust analysis...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • The influence of esterification time on the physicochemical properties of poly (glycerol sebacate-co- butylene sebacate)

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    The study presents the results of the physicochemical properties of ester elastomer based on sebacic acid, glycerol and 1,4 - butanediol. The process of obtaining elastomers at variable esterification times of 14, 16 and 21 h is described. It was found that the material with an esterification time of 21 h is characterized by the best mechanical properties while maintaining high content of the gel fraction. In the technological...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Human capital quality indicators for measuring regional knowledge economy advances

    Publikacja

    Building Knowledge Economies (KE) is a long-term process. However, civilizational and technological changes together with EU's Lisbon Strategy help in creating solutions that may speed up economical growth of countries and their regions. This seems to be a very important issue, as during last two centuries history shown, that wisdom and human invention and innovation are the most important factor driving economical growth. In this...

  • CLASSIFICATION OF RESTRAINTS IN THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM OF A COLD-FORMED PROFILE

    This work describes the restraints in the optimization problem. This is an important and complicated issue because it requires taking into account a vast range of information related to the design and production. In order to describe the relations of a specific optimization problem, it is essential to adopt appropriate criteria and to collect information on all kinds of restraints, i.e. boundary conditions. The following paper...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Introduction to smart solutions for wastewater: Road-mapping the transition to circular economy

    Publikacja
    • G. Mannina
    • D. Presti
    • A. Pandey
    • H. Helness
    • R. Sirohi
    • J. Mąkinia

    - Rok 2022

    Today there is an urgent need to move from a linear to a circular economy approach with special focus to water and environment. Despite the paramount importance, this transition is hampered by barriers which concern not only technological but embrace also organizational, regulatory, social, and economic aspects. In order to overcome such barriers, innovative water-smart solutions are needed and a robust roadmap for the transition...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • The concept of stream and system reliability on the example of the bakery industry

    Publikacja

    This article presents a new concept of technological system reliability based on the analysis of the relationship of associations of elements of energy streams, matter, information, time and finance. The method of stream specification and the method of determining the reliability values of significant and supporting relationships are given. Relevant relationships between elements of system streams were defined as having one-time...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Bitumen Aging—Laboratory Simulation Methods Used in Practice and Selected Directions of Research on New Methods

    Publikacja

    - Materials - Rok 2023

    Changes in the properties of bitumen binders that occur as a result of aging have a huge impact on the durability of products produced from them. In particular, asphalt pavements, which constitute the most common use of petroleum bitumen, are susceptible to damage resulting from the increasing stiffness of the bitumen during its life cycle. Increased stiffness of asphalt pavements reduces the pavement resistance to low-temperature...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Stability of thin film diamond mirror for applications in interferometers under the short-time exposure on selected aggressive chemicals

    Publikacja

    In presented study a thin boron-doped diamond film was proposed for application in the interferometry as a highly durable optical mirror. The unique properties of the diamond films, like high chemical stability and hardness, allow them to be used even in the chemically aggressive environment, where the commonly used silver mirrors can be susceptible to damage. The investigated nanodiamond layer was fabricated by uPE CVD method...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Decentralized energy systems. Social aspects of energy production and use (10h, 2 ECTS credits)

    Kursy Online
    • M. Galik
    • A. Klej
    • A. Augusiak

    The main aim of the course is to introduce students to the socio-political aspects of the decentralization of energy systems. The motivation behind these changes is not only due to technological developments or economic issues. The main driving force are wider social and political trends. Many energy supply projects that are being developed and implemented today assume an active role for consumers in energy production, who become...

  • Surface Roughness Evaluation in Thin EN AW-6086-T6 Alloy Plates after Face Milling Process with Different Strategies

    Publikacja

    - Materials - Rok 2021

    Lightweight alloys made from aluminium are used to manufacture cars, trains and planes. The main parts most often manufactured from thin sheets requiring the use of milling in the manufacturing process are front panels for control systems, housing parts for electrical and electronic components. As a result of the final phase of the manufacturing process, cold rolling, residual stresses remain in the surface layers, which can influence...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Shielded coupled strip and slot guides with a thin omega pseudochiral medium layer

    Publikacja

    A method of moments combined with mode matching technique is applied to analyze the shielded coupled strip and slot line structures containing a thin plate of Omega pseudochiral medium. The boundary problems are simplified by introducing for omega medium the approximate continuity conditions. Such mathematical model allows to examine the field displacement effect appearing in the considered guide resulting from the coupling between...

  • Disturbances of magnetic field in surrounding of mobile, metalic plate

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2008

    The uniform magnetic field of the Earth in the surrounding of a mobile, metalic object undergoes deformation by eddy currents. The influence of the moving conducting object on total magnetic field of the Earth depends on the object's shape, position and speed of the changes relative to the magnetic field's vector of the Earth as well as the electric conductivity and the relative magnetic permeability of the material. The disturbances...

  • Analiza ograniczeń technologicznych systemów lokalizacji inercyjnej

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    W artykule opisano kluczowe ograniczenia technologiczne zmniejszające dokładność inercyjnych systemów lokalizacyjnych. Każdy z czynników został przedstawiony w kontekście swego źródła oraz wpływu na proces lokalizacyjny. Dodatkowo w artykule zawarto opis metod kompensacji błędów występujących w procesie lokalizacji inercyjnej. W treści artykułu analizie poddano rozwiązania obecne w systemach lokalizacji inercyjnej dla wolno poruszających...

  • Information and Communication Technologies for Economic Development

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2017

    This chapter is intended to explain why and how information and communication technologies may affect the process of socio-economic development, especially with regard to economically backward economies. It sheds light on why technological changes constitute prerequisites enabling advancements along the socio-economic development pattern. It is also designed to exhibit the special relevance of information and communication technologies...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Evaluation of Batch Production Processes Based on Seven Criterions

    Publikacja

    To answer growing demand on products adapted to clients’ individual needs, it is required to develop new ways of measurement and rating for batch production processes. The researchers developed method which allows synthetic and complex evaluation, as well as improvement of these processes. Case study with participating observation, non-participating observation, interviews, and the analysis of historical data was conducted in order...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Radio Simulcasting at a Glance: a New Look at Broadcasting and Streaming Services

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    Radio is by far one of the most popular and accessible medium. With its availability it attracts listeners all around the world. There are numerous ways of delivering content to consumers. The present situation is characterized by the convergence of acoustics, computer science and telecommunications. This paper reviews the current status of radio broadcasting and streaming services. It describes a subjective study concerning different...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Cyanobacterial and Algal Strains in the Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA)

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2022

    The dataset titled Microalgal strains from “Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA)” is a representation of cyanobacterial and microalgal cultures isolated from the Baltic Sea. It is a unique catalogue of strains of the dominant and rare species found in the Baltic phytoplankton and microphytobenthos assemblages. The main purpose of the collection is to extend the knowledge on the Baltic microbial communities by providing...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Mixtures: Sustainable Solvents for Extraction Processes

    Publikacja

    - CHEMSUSCHEM - Rok 2014

    In recent years, ionic liquids and deep eutectic mixtures have demonstrated great potential in extraction processes relevant to several scientific and technological activities. This review focuses on the applicability of these sustainable solvents in a variety of extraction techniques, including but not limited to liquid- and solid-phase (micro) extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and pressurized...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Design and numerical testing of 5-box gfrp shell footbridge

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    The paper formulates new design conditions for composite footbridges, taking into account the material and structural specificity of these objects, i.e. the strength condition, the serviceability condition and the frequency condition. A GFRP composite footbridge labelled with CFB2 code has been designed, with the original superstructure in the form of an opened-closed 5-box girder. The foot and cycle track bridge is simply supported,...

  • Measurements of Thermal Conductivity of LWC Cement Composites Using Simplified Laboratory Scale Method

    Publikacja

    - Materials - Rok 2021

    The implementation of low-energy construction includes aspects related to technological and material research regarding thermal insulation. New solutions are sought, firstly, to reduce heat losses and, secondly, to improve the environment conditions in isolated rooms. The effective heat resistance of insulating materials is inversely proportional to temperature and humidity. Cement composites filled with lightweight artificial...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Łukasz Sienkiewicz dr hab.

    Absolwent Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie, doktor habilitowany w dziedzinie nauk społecznych w dyscyplinie nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości. Profesor uczelni w Katedrze Przedsiębiorczości Wydziału Zarządzania i Ekonomii Politechniki Gdańskiej oraz koordynator Centrum Transformacji Ekonomicznej, Społecznej i Technologicznej (C-TEST). Prezes Zarządu Instytutu Analiz Rynku Pracy. Specjalizuje się w problematyce zarządzania kapitałem...

  • Influence of grain shape on the mechanical behaviour of granular materials

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2009

    We performed series of numerical vertical compression tests on assemblies of 2D granular material using a Discrete Element code and studied the results in regard to the grain shape. The samples consist of 5000 grains made either of 3 overlapping discs (clump - grain with concavities) or of six-edged polygons (convex grain). These two types of grains have a similar external envelope, ruled with a geometrical parameter α. In the...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Realizacja mobilnego urządzenia do wytwarzania kurtyny elektromagnetycznej do zastosowań specjalnych

    In the article the assumptions, design and realisation of the technological demonstrator of a mobile device for generating an electromagnetic curtain (AEGIS) were presented, both in the area of hardware and software. The device is designed to block radio communication by which it is possible to detonate the Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs). The preliminary laboratory tests of the demonstrator for generating...

  • Lightweight structures in architecture: scenarios for the future

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2016

    Lightweight structures - structures with a reduced weight, which otherwise retain the qualities necessary for the building performance, ensuring a proper durability and strength, safety, indoor environmental quality and energy efficiency; stuctures which strive for the optimization of structural systems - are in tune with current trends and socio-economic, environmental and technological factors. The growing interest in the lightweight...

  • Acoustics-related aspects of historic interior modernization projects

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    The paper presents three historic interiors in which modernization projects have been carried out having an important impact on their acoustic qualities. Two of the described case studies are positive examples of solving the problem of a natural contradictions between modern technical standards and strict discipline imposed by the heritage conservation system. On the other hand, the effect of neglecting the acoustic needs when...

  • Local buckling of compressed flange of cold-formed channel members made of aluminum alloy

    Publikacja

    The paper deals with local buckling of a compressed single flange of thin-walled channel cold- formed columns and beams made of aluminum alloy. Material is described by means of the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive equation. Axial compression of the columns and beams undergoing bending is taken into consid- eration. A simple model of the member flange in the form a long beam elastically connected to the web is used to find the critical...