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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: permeable pavement
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Influence of bitumen type on cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures used in pavement overlays
PublikacjaCracking is one of the predominant distresses occurring in flexible pavements, especially in old pavements that were rehabilitated with an asphalt overlay. In such cases asphalt mixtures should be designed to ensure high resistance to reflective cracking because new asphalt layers are exposed to existing cracks of the old pavement. The nature of these cracks can be various (transverse, longitudinal as well as crazy cracking). One...
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Nondestructive methods complemented by FEM calculations in diagnostics of cracks in bridge approach pavement
PublikacjaNondestructive methods of road pavement diagnostics are an alternative to traditional approach to pavement failure investigation. The article presents a detailed multidisciplinary inspection carried out using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), laser scanning technology and finite element method (FEM) calculations. It was done in order to assess the factors that contributed to occurrence of premature cracks of a bridge approach pavement....
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Environmentally-Safe Cold Recycling of Asphalt Pavements in Poland
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia metodę recyklingu na zimno z zastosowaniem jednoczesnego dodatku cementu portlandzkiego i emulsji asfaltowej. Metoda przydatna do rehabilitacji zniszczonych nawierzchni drogowych. Warstwy po recyklingu charakteryzują się sztywnością i podatnością. Przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych i terenowych.
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The Emergence of the Creative Ageing Movement
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Laboratory Determination of Burger's Model Parameters for Visco-elastic Analysis of Road Pavement Materials
PublikacjaBurger's Model is one of those models that describes performance of asphalt mixtures. Its parameters can be used in road construction analysis based on visco-elastic properties in wide variety of temperatures using dedicated programs (e.g. Veroad) or in Finite Element Method (FEM). Parameters of Burger's Model can be used for example in prediction of low temperature cracking in low winter temperatures or permanent deformation...
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Directivity of tire/road noise emission for selected tires and pavements
PublikacjaPraca pośwoęcona jest kierunkowości emisji hałasu opon i nawierzchni drogowych. Opony są dominującym źródłem haasu w pojaździe poruszającym się w typowych warunkach ruchu drogowego. Hałas ten nie jest bezkierunkowy jak to przyjmuje się w modelach obliczeniowych hałasu. Takie założenia wynikają z ograniczonej dostępności danych dotyczących kierunkowości i mogą prowadzić do niedokładności przy prognozowaniu hałasu drogowego. Praca...
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Investigation of transverse cracking of asphalt pavements in the north-eastern Poland
PublikacjaSpękania poprzeczne są jednym z najczęstszych typów uszkodzeń występujących na polskich drogach. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań spękań poprzecznych dróg zlokalizowanych w Polsce północno-wschodniej. Na podstawie badań terenowych podjęto próbę wyznaczenia związków pomiędzy częstotliwością spękań, zdefiniowaną indeksem spękań, a wybranymi cechami nawierzchni. Analizowane były następujące cechy nawierzchni: typ podbudowy (podbudowa...
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The rigid and flexible road pavements in terms of life cycle costs
PublikacjaThe cost of road pavement construction, its durability and reliability depends on many factors, including: the scope and detail of the technical design, quality of work but also the scope of works related to its maintenance, conservation and operation. Determining the amount of rational expenses, in terms of the life cycle cost of the pavement, requires determination and consideration of the above issues, already at the planning...
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Low Noise Poroelastic Road Pavements Based On Bituminous Binder
PublikacjaTire/road noise is the dominant source of traffic noise. It depends both on the tire design and on the characteristics of road pavements as well as on the vehicles’ operating conditions. Due to the fact that conventional (pneumatic) car tires have almost reached the limits of their ability to further reduce their noisiness, it is widely believed that the additional reduction of tire noise will be possible mainly through modifications...
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New polish catalogue of typical flexible and semi-rigid pavements
PublikacjaThe paper covers the following topics important for the development of the new Polish Catalogue of typical flexible and semi-rigid pavements: reasons for preparing the new issue of the Catalogue of typical flexible and semi-rigid pavements, items introduced in the new issue, organise the terminology related to pavements, design traffic calculations and new equivalent axle load factors,...
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Reduction of noise and rolling resistance by horizontal grinding of asphalt pavements
PublikacjaGrinding of cement concrete pavements to reduce unevenness and noise is common since a long time. Grinding is then made with wheels equipped with diamond blades rotating in the vertical plane. This creates narrow vertical/longitudinal grooves in the pavement. It is not applied to asphalt pavements. In this paper an alternative type of grinding is studied. In this case plates with diamond heads rotate in the same plane as the pavement,...
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Bitumen-Based Poroelastic Pavements: Successful Improvements and Remaining Issues
PublikacjaThis article presents the development process of designing and testing poroelastic pavement based on highly polymer-modified bitumen. Poroelastic wearing course was composed of mineral and rubber aggregate mixed with highly polymer-modified bitumen, in contrast to previous trials, during which polyurethane resins were mainly used as binder, which led to several serious technological problems concerning difficult production, insufficient...
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PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS’ ENERGY EFFICIENCY
PublikacjaThe payment system and infrastructure is a sector that is not given enough attention today in the context of energy efficiency. This sector plays a big role in organizing and ensuring money circulation and funds. It has its value consisting on the one hand of the cost of payment equipment, infrastructure, payment instruments. On other hand, its value consists of the cost of energy for their manufacture and maintenance. The European...
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Internet payment methods in Poland
PublikacjaIn this chapter authors intended to describe wide range of aspects of the Internet payment systems. At the beginning there is briefly shown their evolution and features required for the effective payment system. Data on the popularity of different payment systems in Internet transactions links this section with description of the current state of payment systems available in Poland.
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Reasons for Implementing Movement in Kinetic Architecture
PublikacjaThe paper gives insights into different forms of movement in contemporary architecture and examines them based on the reasons for their implementation. The main objective of the paper is to determine: the degree to which the complexity of kinematic architecture results from functional and spatial needs and what other motivations there are. The method adopted to investigate these questions involves theoretical studies and comparative analyses...
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Optimal Sensor Placement for Damage Detection
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono dwie konfiguracje czujników PZT do detekcji uszkodzeń w płytach. Omówion zalety i wady obu konfiguracji.
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INFLUENCE OF DATA NORMALIZATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEURAL NETWORKS APPLIED TO CLASSIFICATION OF PAVEMENT CONDITIONS – CASE STUDY
PublikacjaIn recent years automatic classification employing machine learning seems to be in high demand for tele-informatic-based solutions. An example of such solutions are intelligent transportation systems (ITS), in which various factors are taken into account. The subject of the study presented is the impact of data pre-processing and normalization on the accuracy and training effectiveness of artificial neural networks in the case...
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Analysis of pavement structure sensitivity to passage of oversized heavy duty vehicle in terms of bearing capacity
PublikacjaOversized heavy duty vehicles occur in traffic very rarely but they reach extremely high weights, even up to 800 tonne. The detrimental impact of these vehicles on pavement structure is much higher than in case of commercial vehicles that comprise typical traffic, thus it is necessary to assess the sensitivity of pavement structure to passage of oversized vehicles. The paper presents results of sample calculations of load equivalency factor...
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The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems
PublikacjaWeigh-in-Motion systems are tools to prevent road pavements from the adverse phenomena of vehicle overloading. However, the effectiveness of these systems can be significantly increased by improving weighing accuracy, which is now insufficient for direct enforcement of overloaded vehicles. Field tests show that the accuracy of Weigh-in-Motion axle load sensors installed in the flexible (asphalt) pavements depends on pavement temperature...
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Low noise poroelastic road pavements based on modified asphalt binder
PublikacjaTire/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. As the most effective way to fight noise is reduction of sound emission from the source, a lot of work is being done to improve tire and road surfaces construction. This paper describes the first “road” results obtained within the SEPOR project, which is focused on developing a low noise poroelastic road surface based on bituminous binder....
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Influence of selected WMA additives on viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavements
PublikacjaWarm mix asphalt additives are effective in decreasing production, laying and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixes. However, there are still questions concerning influence of warm mix additives on properties of asphalt mixes and pavement performance. This paper presents results of the comprehensive research of viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavement structures with layers made with warm mix asphalt additives at...
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Noise measurements on low noise pavements - problems with inhomogeneity of wearing course
PublikacjaDuring the last several years, when performing numerous CPX noise measurements on low noise pavements,significant inhomogeneity of the wearing course was observed in numerous cases. Similar problems were almost not existing regarding to the dense pavements.In general three main reasons of inhomogeneity can be defined. The first one are imperfections in technology of production of a asphalt mix or/and errors made already during...
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Equivalent temperature for design of airport pavements using mechanistic-empirical methods
PublikacjaThe paper presents implementation of equivalent temperature for design of airport asphalt pavements. The calculation methods of equivalent temperature: the Shell method, the French method and method that use the Asphalt Institute fatique criteria were presented. An example of calculations of equivalent temperature for Gdansk Airport was introduced and discussed. It was shown that methods of calculation of equivalent temperature...
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Effect of Overloaded Vehicles on Whole Life Cycle Cost of Flexible Pavements
PublikacjaThe phenomenon of vehicle overloading—illegal exceeding of maximum legal weight of vehicles, is a serious problem both in developing and developed countries around the world. Overloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to distress of pavement structure. As studies show, the number of overloaded vehicles increases...
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The Prospects of Retail Payment Developments in the Metaverse
PublikacjaIn the age of technological development, rapid technological progress, and the metaverse development in which humans interact with each other and with the environment using virtual real-world metaphors, payment systems may also need to be re-considered. The study aims to find an answer to the question of what should be retail payments in the metaverse and to begin interdisciplinary discussions about...
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Evaluation of suspended rail vehicle movement parameters
PublikacjaNiniejsza publikacja została poświęcona ocenie parametrów ruchowych koncepcyjnego pojazdu kolei podwieszanej, którą dokonano w oparciu o jego charakterystykę trakcyjną oraz możliwości dynamiczne. W pierwszej kolejności skrótowo opisano konstrukcję proponowanego pojazdu wraz z wyszczególnieniem najważniejszych założeń projektowych. Następnie skupiono się na metodyce oraz samym wykreśleniu charakterystyki trakcyjnej pojazdu, jak...
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Utility easement issues and transmission infrastructure in Poland
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Dynamics of Railway Vehicles Movement on Transition Curves
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Microphone placement through meta-heuristic algorithms
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An automated aystem for analysis of mouse movement activity
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Phylogenetic Placement and Taxonomy of the Genus Hederorkis (Orchidaceae)
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Modern Movement in Gdynia and in Europe: Inspirations and Analogies
PublikacjaModernism in Gdynia finds its roots in the European Architecture of 1920s and 1930s. The main centres of the style are such artistic capitals as Paris, Berlin, Wien, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Brussels, Stuttgard and Hamburg. The article points out the connections between the famous European edifeces of those times and the architecture of Gdynia.
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Smartphone application supporting independent movement of the blind
PublikacjaImproving comfort of life of blind people is a problem of great importance. Neither a white canenor a guide dog, although both very useful, can be considered as a tool for achieving fullindependence in everyday movement around the city. On the market there are some navigation toolsinspired by car navigation systems, but they have many flaws, ranging from positioninginaccuracies to high prices. The authors present their own solution...
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THE FUNCTION OF GREENERY IN A SKYSCRAPER: THE PLACEMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE
PublikacjaThe contrast between the high rise buildings; with their mostly geometric shapes, and the organic form of the greenery was visible even in the idea of a skyscraper. Yet the realizations and recent projects show emerging interest and the link between them. To better understand the developing function of the greenery in the context of a skyscraper, both literature and case studies are conducted. The aim is to relate the location...
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Modelling of planar movement dynamics of upper limb
PublikacjaThe original model describing planar movement dynamics of upper limb is presented. The upper limb is modelled as two-joints system loaded by external forces and internal forces of striated skeletal muscles. A behaviour of each muscle is modelled as a system composed of serially linked rheologic fragments that have different mechanical properties. These muscle models allow us to simulate a behaviour of short fusiform muscle (3DOF...
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Investigating impacts of asphalt mixture properties on pavement performance using LTPP data through random forests
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Determination of Vehicles Load Equivalency Factors for Polish Catalogue of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures
PublikacjaThe new Polish Catalog of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures was introduced to use in practice in 2014. Much of works were focused on actualization of vehicles load equivalency factors. For this purpose data delivered from weigh-inmotion were analyzed. Four methods of determination of load equivalency factors for pavement structure design were compared. The analysis showed that fourth power equation, AASHTO 1993...
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Verification of the new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculation in asphalt layers of pavements
PublikacjaThe new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculations in asphalt layers has been developed and published recently by the author. This paper presents verification of this method. The verification is based on the comparison of the results of calculations with results of testing of thermal stresses in Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses according to the new method were based on rheological...
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Review and evaluation of cold recycling with bitumen emulsion and cement for rehabilitation of old pavements
PublikacjaThe article presents Polish experience with cold recycling of asphalt pavements with theusage of bituminous emulsion and cement. In the 1990s numerous roads in Polandrequired immediate reinforcement due to their significant degradation. Implementation ofthe cold recycling technology was one of the solutions to this problem. Cold recycledmixtures containebeside the recycled asphalt pavement and aggregateetwo differenttypes of binding...
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Impact of overloaded vehicles on load equivalency factors and service period of flexible pavements
PublikacjaOverloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to the distress of pavement structure. As the studies show, the phenomena of vehicles overloading intensifies when the control of traffic is poor and the average percentage of overloaded vehicles on analyzed roads varies from 6% to 23%. The main goal of the ar-ticle...
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Initial Field Validation of Poroelastic Pavement Made with Crumb Rubber, Mineral Aggregate and Highly Polymer-Modified Bitumen
PublikacjaTire/road noise in most driving conditions dominates other sources of traffic noise. One of the most efficient ways of reducing tire/road noise is to use the so-called “low noise pavement”. According to numerous studies, at present, poroelastic road pavement that is composed of rubber and mineral aggregate and polyurethane or bituminous binder gives the best noise reduction up to 12 dB. Unfortunately, there are many problems with...
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Discussion of “Enhanced Pavement Performance and Improved Stability of Asphalt and Recycled Plastic Blends Modified by Exfoliated Clay Nanoplatelets”
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Investigation of low-temperature cracking in newly constructed high-modulus asphalt concrete base course of a motorway pavement
PublikacjaThe paper presents the issue of low-temperature transverse cracks which have developed in newly constructed base courses made of high-modulus asphalt concrete mix (HMAC). Numerous transverse cracks developed in the analysed HMAC base during the winter season before the pavement was actually completed, both at the transverse joint locations and in the areas between them. This had not happened so far on such a scale during road construction...
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Inhomogeneity of low-noise wearing courses evaluated by tire/road noise measurements using the close-proximity method
PublikacjaPerforming numerous analyses of tire/road noise measurements on low-noise pavements during the last several years, the authors observed significant inhomogeneity of the wearing course in numerous cases, while similar problems were almost non-existent when dense pavements were measured. Three main causes of low-noise pavement inhomogeneity can be defined. The first one is imperfections in the technology used for asphalt mix production...
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Optimal placement of IMU sensor for the detection of children activity
PublikacjaIn this paper an investigation to determine the optimal placement of IMU sensors for the purpose of children characteristic activity detection is presented. The article compares four different placement of two IMU sensors on human body. Ten healthy volunteers participated within the study. Data were collected firstly from two wireless 9-axial IMU sensors placed at the left and right wrists, then sensors were placed at lower back...
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The experience of movement in orbital space architecture: A narrative of weightlessness
PublikacjaBased upon a combination of architectural theories, the knowledge of space environment, and psychology of isolated and confined environments, this qualitative research aims to study orbital space settlement in a way to get the built space congenial to the human experience of movement. In this sense, sensors, self-propulsion or mechanical actuators, the inhabitant’s mental and visual capacity for movement, as well as the represented...
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The experience of movement in orbital space architecture: A narrative of weightlessness
PublikacjaBased upon a combination of architectural theories, the knowledge of space environment, and psychology of isolated and confined environments, this qualitative research aims to study orbital space settlement in a way to get the built space congenial to the human experience of movement. In this sense, sensors, self-propulsion or mechanical actuators, the inhabitant’s mental and visual capacity for movement, as well as the represented...
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Od City Beautiful Movement do Nowego Urbanizmu
PublikacjaPraca obejmuje omówienie zjawiska znanego pod nazwą "urbanistyki klasycyzującej" oraz jej historycznych źródęł XIX-wiecznych. Omówiono m.in. City Beautifull Movement oraz jego konsekwencje dla kształtowania współczesnej szkoły "nowego urbanizmu"
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Methods of navigation in the mobile application supporting movement of the blind
PublikacjaThis paper presents conclusions from the last development phase of the “Voice Maps” project. Authors specify newly found available options for navigation in affordable system for the blind with all their related aspects. System uses dedicated geographical data, built-in smartphone GPS receivers and DGPS external device in order to assist blind users in their everyday travelling. Authors also discuss new methods to improve positioning...
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Robust pole placement in delta domain for SISO plans
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