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Low-Cost Flight Simulator with Possibility of Modeling of Flight Controls Failures
PublikacjaThe goal of this paper is to present a development of a low cost flight simulator, that allows to simulate flight controls failures. Cessna 172 has been chosen as an example of a general aviation aircraft and the flight model has been implemented in Simulink. The model allows for easy integration of an experimental autopilot, using various strategies. Aerodynamic coefficients have been calculated using software called DATCOM. Such...
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How to render FDTD computations more effective using agraphics accelerator.
PublikacjaGraphics processing units (GPUs) for years have been dedicated mostly to real time rendering. Recently leading GPU manufactures have extended their research area and decided to support also graphics computing. In this paper, we describe an impact of new GPU features on development process of an efficient finite difference time domain (FDTD) implementation.
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Novel microstrip low-pass filters with fractal defected ground structures
PublikacjaIn this study, three microstrip low-pass filters (LPFs) containing fractal-shaped defected ground structures have been designed and manufactured. To improve the performance of microstrip LPF, cascades of inductively coupled fractal resonators have been applied. Simultaneously, to achieve relatively constant microstrip impedance resulting in essentially low reflection losses, a modification of the strip geometry has been introduced....
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Testing of low temperature behaviour of asphalt mixtures in bending creep test
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of bending beam test and its importance for evaluation of asphalt mixtures behaviour at low temperatures. Two types of asphalt mixtures: asphalt concrete AC with normal paving grade bitumen and stone mastic asphalt SMA with SBS-modified bitumen were tested. Long-term oven ageing (LTOA) test was also used in the laboratory according to SHRP procedure. The Burgers model was applied and rheological parameters...
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Low Power Baseband Processor for M2M Reconfigurable Radio Test Platform
PublikacjaSoftware Defined Radio (SDR) is becoming more andmore frequently used technique for wireless communication. Itfacilitates as fast prototyping and is a versatile method fordeveloping new communication systems. SDR can be realizedbased on high computational capacity platform, where powerconsumption is no a primary concern like i.e. DVB or BTStransmitters. Another trend are low power systems, whereavailable power in reduced and more...
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Earthing effective length for low and high amplitudes of lightning impulse currents
PublikacjaUziemienia w systemie elektroenergetycznym mogą być bardzo rozległe, zwłaszcza ze względu powszechne stosowanie połączeń ekwipotencjalizacyjnych. Ocena tak rozległych systemów z punktu widzenia ich przydatności do celów ochrony odgromowej jest dość trudna, ponieważ tylko część takiego rozległego systemu bierze udział w rozpraszaniu prądu piorunowego w gruncie. Ta część uziomu jest nazywana jego długością efektywną. W pracy zamieszczono...
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Low frequency noise and DLTS as silicon solar cell characterization tools
PublikacjaPraca zawiera wyniki pomiarów DLTS próbek o powierzchni 1 mm2 krzemowych baterii słonecznych wykazujących znaczne niejednorodności wykryte za pomocą metody LBIV (Light Beam Induced Voltage). Wyniki pomiarów charakterystyk stałoprądowych oraz szumowych tych próbek zostały także przedstawione.
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How Sport Innovations Can Shape Sustainable Cities: An Interdisciplinary Approach
PublikacjaLeveraging the potential of sport can play a significant role in shaping cities of tomorrow, generate environmental and social change. The integration of sport into city planning can provide multiple benefits, such as promoting physical activity, health, well-being, and enhancing social cohesion. However to date, there is a lack of research on the potential of sport innovations to enhance the sustainable development of cities....
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Cryptocurrencies as a Speculative Asset: How Much Uncertainty is Included in Cryptocurrency Price?
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between uncertainty indices (Geopolitical Uncertainty Index and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index) and cryptocurrencies. This study evaluated the behavior of cryptocurrencies with the evolution of uncertainties (GPU, EPU) on returns and volatility in terms of safe heaven as in traditional specualtive assets it increases their volaitility and reduces risk. For this purpose,...
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Sensitivity performance of all pole canonical low pass GmC filters.
PublikacjaW pracy badano własności częstotliwościowe kanonicznych filtrów dolnoprzepustowych GmC bez zer transmisyjnych. Przedstawiono ogólną strukturę kanonicznego filtru dolnoprzepustowego i jej opis macierzowy. Wyprowadzono ogólne wzory określające funkcje wrażliwościowe filtru. Dokonano porównania struktur do 10-go rzędu włącznie dla aproksymacji Butterwortha, Czebyshewa i Bessela.
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Hydrogen-enhanced stress corrosion cracking in low alloy steels in seawater
PublikacjaBadano podatność stali niskostopowych w wodzie morskiej w warunkach polaryzacji katodowej. Stwierdzono spadek czasu do zniszczenia, energii zniszczenia i przewężenia ze wzrostem potencjału katodowego. Wykazano znaczącą korelację między stopniem degradacji wodorowej a stężeniem wodoru dyfuzyjnego.
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Low order autoregressive (AR) models for FDTD analysis of microwave filters.
PublikacjaArtykuł opisuje zastosowanie modeli AR w celu poprawy efektywności analizy struktur filtrujących metodą różnic skończonych w dziedzinie czasu (FD-TD). Opisanych jest szereg kryteriów pozwalających na automatyczne tworzenie modeli AR sygnałów czasowych, w tym wybór fragmentu odpowiedzi układu stanowiący podstawę ekstrakcji współczynników modelu, współczynnika decymacji oraz rzędu modelu. Skuteczność wprowadzonych kryteriów...
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Zastosowanie metody QFD do doskonalenia jakości użytkowej serwisów WWW
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie metody QFD do doskonalenia jakości użytkowej serwisów WWW o charakterze handlowym. W omawianym podejściu zostają zidentyfikowane wymagania klienta-użytkownika oraz czynniki techniczne, które budują sukces serwisu WWW oraz związanego z nim przedsięwzięcia gospodarczego. Następnie w macierzy domu jakości zostaje wydzielony ''rdzeń'' serwisu, zawierający najważniejsze dla klienta funkcje, oraz...
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Technology and democracy: the who and how in decision-making. The cases of Estonia and Catalonia
PublikacjaThis paper focuses on the use of technology to improve democracy, comparing the cases of Estonia and Catalonia. Both examples are closely related in their use of technology to further democratize the decision-making processes but have opposite starting points. Estonia’s internet voting system is an offshoot of the comprehensive e-governance system developed by the Estonian government. It is meant to make it more convenient for...
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Comprehensive analysis of low-temperature methods for reclaiming of ground tire rubber
PublikacjaManagement of waste tires has become an important topic for decades. The lack of an effective method to manage the materials as mentioned above leads to illegal landfills. This problematic waste can be divided into two main categories depending on the physical condition of the waste: (i) partially used tires; (ii) end-of-life tires. While the first group can be reused or retreaded, the second group requires special measures to...
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Low-Profile Interdigitated UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Metallic Objects
PublikacjaThis article presents a novel miniature interdigitated ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna that can be placed on metallic objects. The tag structure comprises two horizontal strip lines, each loaded with seven identical open stubs, and an integrated circuit (IC) chip connected directly to the feed lines in the middle of the structure. The perfect match to the IC chip’s impedance is realized...
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Dehydration converts DsbG crystal diffraction from low to high resolution
PublikacjaDiffraction quality crystals are essential for crystallographic studies of protein structure, and the production of poorly diffracting crystals is often regarded as a dead end in the process. Here we show a dramatic improvement of poorly diffracting DsbG crystals allowing high-resolution diffraction data measurement. Before dehydration, the crystals are fragile and the diffraction pattern is streaky, extending to 10 Å resolution....
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Low-Molecular Pyrazine-Based DNA Binders: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
PublikacjaPyrazine and its derivatives are a large group of compounds that exhibit broad biological activity, the changes of which can be easily detected by a substituent effect or a change in the functional group. The present studies combined theoretical research with the density functional theory (DFT) approach (B3LYP/6-311+G**) and experimental (potentiometric and spectrophotometric) analysis for a thorough understanding of the structure...
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How pesticides affect neonates? - Exposure, health implications and determination of metabolites
PublikacjaThis review covers key information related to the effects of pesticides on fetal and child health. All humans are exposed to environmental toxicants, however child's health, due to their high vulnerability, should be of special concern. They are continuously exposed to environmental xenobiotics including a wide variety of pesticides, and other pollutants. These compounds can enter the child's body through various routes, both during...
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A review of design approaches for the implementation of low-frequency noise measurement systems
PublikacjaElectronic noise has its roots in the fundamental physical interactions between matter and charged particles, carrying information about the phenomena that occur at the microscopic level. Therefore, Low-Frequency Noise Measurements (LFNM) are a well-established technique for the characterization of electron devices and materials and, compared to other techniques, they offer the advantage of being non-destructive and of providing...
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TRAVELLING WAVES FOR LOW–GRADE GLIOMA GROWTH AND RESPONSE TO A CHEMOTHERAPY MODEL
PublikacjaLow-grade gliomas (LGGs) are primary brain tumours which evolve very slowly in time, but inevitably cause patient death. In this paper, we consider a PDE version of the previously proposed ODE model that describes the changes in the densities of functionally alive LGGs cells and cells that are irreversibly damaged by chemotherapy treatment. Besides the basic mathematical properties of the model, we study the possibility of the...
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Low-Cost Behavioral Modeling of Antennas by Dimensionality Reduction and Domain Confinement
PublikacjaBehavioral modeling has been rising in importance in modern antenna design. It is primarily employed to diminish the computational cost of procedures involving massive full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Cheaper alternative offer surrogate models, yet, setting up data-driven surrogates is impeded by, among others, the curse of dimensionality. This article introduces a novel approach to reduced-cost surrogate modeling of...
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Optimal Design of Transmitarray Antennas via Low-Cost Surrogate Modelling
PublikacjaOver the recent years, reflectarrays and transmitarrays have been drawing a considerable attention due to their attractive features, including a possibility of realizing high gain and pencil-like radiation patterns without the employment of complex feeding networks. Among the two, transmitarrays seem to be superior over reflectarrays in terms of achieving high radiation efficiency without the feed blockage. Notwithstanding, the...
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Cryptocurrencies as a speculative asset. How much uncertainty is included in cryptocurrency price?
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between uncertainty indices (Geopolitical Uncertainty Index and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index) and cryptocurrencies. In order to conduct research, the authors collected the data on the major cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, Dogecoin and USD coin) which account for 78% of the total market cap. Using panel OLS regression, this study finds that Bitcoin...
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The role of low-energy electrons in the charging process of LISA test masses
PublikacjaThe estimate of the total electron yield is fundamental for our understanding of the test-mass charging associated with cosmic rays in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and in the forthcoming gravitational wave observatory LISA. To unveil the role of low energy electrons in this process owing to galactic and solar energetic particle events, in this work we study the interaction of keV and sub-keV...
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Low and high energy explosive materials used in shale gas recovery
PublikacjaNowadays the explosives are widely used in many areas of life, including industry and mining. A wide range of explosive materials is used in the petroleum industry - from low to high explosives. Recently, as the unconventional oil and gas production became possible, explosives are also found to be used in perforators during the pre-completion stage of the fracturing process. This paper presents literature on theoretical and practical...
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Analysing selection of low-temperature medium for cogeneration micro power plant
PublikacjaThe article analyses the ORC system working with dry and wet low-boiling media which are most frequently used in installations of this type. Two types of cycles were examined, which were the cycle with heat regeneration for dry media: fc72, hfe7100, R227ea, R245fa, R423a and R600a, and the cycle without heat regeneration for wet media: R11, R12, R134a, R718 and 507a. The calculations were performed for the assumed required thermal...
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Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, Laplacianfaces, Marginfaces – How to Face the Face Verification Task
PublikacjaThis paper describes the exhaustive tests of four known methods of linear transformations (Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, Laplacianfaces and Marginfaces) in the context of face verification task. Additionally, we introduce a new variant of the transformation (Laplacianface + LDA), and the specific interval-based decision rule. Both of them improve the performance of face verification, in general, however, our experiments show that the...
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Activating Public Space: How to Promote Physical Activity in Urban Environment
PublikacjaPhysical activity is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. The quality and equipment of urban public space plays an important role in promoting physical activity among people (residents, tourists). In order for recreation and sports activities to be undertaken willingly, in a safe and comprehensive manner, certain spatial conditions and requirements must be met. The distinctive feature of contemporary large cities is the...
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Low-energy positron collisions with water: elastic and rotationally inelastic scattering
PublikacjaDifferential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections for the vibrationally elastic and rotationally inelastic scattering of positrons from water at low collision energy (E ≤ 10 eV) are reported. Several models within the R-matrix method are used to compute the body-fixed T-matrices, while the scattering calculations are performed within the fixed-nuclei approximation corrected with the standard Born-closure formula. These...
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Low-Coherence Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors with Potential Applications as Biosensors
PublikacjaFiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometers (FPI) can be applied as optical sensors, and excellent measurement sensitivity can be obtained by fine-tuning the interferometer design. In this work, we evaluate the ability of selected dielectric thin films to optimize the reflectivity of the Fabry-Pérot cavity. The spectral reflectance and transmittance of dielectric films made of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with...
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Interaction of low energy electrons with formic acid monomer, dimer and trimer
PublikacjaConfigurations of the formic acid monomer, dimer and trimer are presented. We have calculated the total energies for these structures. We have considered also the negatively charged clusters and discussed the possible pathways of interaction of low energy electrons with monomers and clusters. Calculations have been executed using 6-311G** and 6-311++G** basis sets. The electron affinities of monomer and clusters are presented....
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Low-Level Aerial Photogrammetry as a Source of Supplementary Data for ALS Measurements
PublikacjaThe development of laser scanning technology ALS allows to make high-resolution measurements for large areas result-ing in significant reduction of costs. The main stakeholders at heights data received from the airborne laser scanning is mainly state administration. The state institutions appear among projects such as ISOK. Each point is classified in ac-cordance with the standard LAS 1.2, our research focuses on the class 6 -...
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Boron-Doped Diamond/GaN Heterojunction—The Influence of the Low-Temperature Deposition
PublikacjaWe report a method of growing a boron-doped diamond film by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition utilizing a pre-treatment of GaN substrate to give a high density of nucleation. CVD diamond was deposited on GaN substrate grown epitaxially via the molecular-beam epitaxy process. To obtain a continuous diamond film with the presence of well-developed grains, the GaN substrates are exposed to hydrogen plasma prior to deposition....
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Chemical analysis of low carbon content coals and their applications as dye adsorbent
PublikacjaCoal is primarily a fuel material but lately it has been utilized as an adsorbent for removing toxic metal ions. However, its usage for removing organic pollutants is not well studied. We report here a systematic study on the use of coal samples of varying carbon contents as adsorbents for removing Basic Blue 41 as a model cationic dye. The coal samples were collected from coal mines and were thoroughly characterized. The concentrations...
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Assessment of Fuel Cells’ State of Health by Low-Frequency Noise Measurements
PublikacjaWe proposed applying low-frequency (flicker) noise in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells under selected loads to assess their state of health. The measurement set-up comprised a precise data acquisition board and was able to record the DC voltage and its random component at the output. The set-up estimated the voltage noise power spectral density at frequencies up to a few hundred mHz. We observed the evolution of the electrical...
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Soft-decision schemes for radar estimation of elevation at low grazing angles
PublikacjaIn modern radars, the problem of estimating elevation angle at low grazing angles is typically solved using superresolution techniques. These techniques often require one to provide an estimate of the number of waveforms impinging the array, which one can accomplish using model selection techniques. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an alternative approach, based on the Bayesian-like model averaging. The Bayesian...
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Low temperature broad band dielectric spectroscopy of multiferroic Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 ceramics
PublikacjaIn the present research the tool of broadband dielectric spectroscopy was utilized to characterize dielectric behavior of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) Aurivillius-type multiferroic ceramics. Dielectric response of BFTO ceramics was studied in the frequency domain (Δν=0.1Hz – 10MHz) within the temperature range ΔT=-100°C – 200°C. The Kramers-Kronig data validation test was employed to validate the impedance data measurements and it was found...
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Sensorless low speed PMSM motor control with cogging torque compensation
PublikacjaThe paper presents sensorless control of a low speed permanent magnet synchronous machine with use of modified state observer. An overview of the PMSM motor used in the research setup was presented. The problem of drive torque ripple, resulting mainly from the occurrence of a significant cogging torque, was discussed. A solution compensating the torque ripple of the PMSM motor was proposed. A start-up procedure of the speed control...
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How to stop salami science: promotion of healthy trends in publishing behavior
PublikacjaThe career of scientists often depends on the number of their published works. This fact leads to the overproduction of low quality papers burying the important articles and making the knowledge less accessible. One of the methods to counteract these negative aspects might lie in the promotion of healthy trends in publishing behavior. In the present work, the theoretical analysis of a new bibliometric measure is presented, and...
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The applicability of low-cost PM10 sensors for atmospheric air quality monitoring
PublikacjaDescribed in this work are the results of field tests carried out in the Tricity Agglomeration between 01 April 2018 and 30 June 2018 in order to evaluate the usefulness of low-cost PM10 sensors in atmospheric air quality monitoring. The results were juxtaposed with the results obtained using reference methods. The results were validated based on the measurement uncertainty as described in...
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Influence of the low ambient temperature on the start-up process of hydraulic pumps
PublikacjaStarting hydraulic pumps in low ambient temperatures may cause: decreased hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, larger vibration of hydraulic installation, faster wear and more frequent damage to the elements of pumps, change of material properties of elements, increase of pressure drop. As a result of pressure drop in the suction pipe, large underpressure may be experienced, causing incomplete filling of pump working chambers with...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublikacjaThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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Experimental determination of H2 mass stopping powers for low-energy electrons
PublikacjaWe present experimental mass stopping powers of electrons in gaseous H2 obtained with an electron time- of-flight spectrometer, for the incident electron energy range of 11 to 25 eV. In our procedure, the average energy loss is derived from conversion of the measured electron time-of-flight spectra into equivalent electron energy-loss spectra. Our present results are compared with the only available experimental measurement and...
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Low energy differential elastic electron scattering from acetonitrile (CH3CN)
PublikacjaMeasurements of elastic differential cross sections for electron scattering from acetonitrile (CH3CN) have been performed utilizing a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment and with the relative flow method, for the incident electron energy range of 0.7 eV–30 eV and the scattering angle range of 10◦–130◦. These differential cross sections have been used to calculate the elastic integral and momentum- transfer cross sections,...
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Low to intermediate energy elastic electron scattering from dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)
PublikacjaWe report a theoretical-experimental investigation of electron scattering by dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) in the low- and intermediate energy ranges. Experimental elastic differential cross sections (DCS), in the incident electron energy range of 0.5-800 eV and scattering angle range of 10°–130°, were measured using a crossed beam relative flow technique. Integral and momentum- transfer cross sections were determined from the experimental...
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Low noise poroelastic road pavements based on modified asphalt binder
PublikacjaTire/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. As the most effective way to fight noise is reduction of sound emission from the source, a lot of work is being done to improve tire and road surfaces construction. This paper describes the first “road” results obtained within the SEPOR project, which is focused on developing a low noise poroelastic road surface based on bituminous binder....
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PROCESSING, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublikacjaThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, for the efficient application of recycled materials it is crucial to analyze their performance. Therefore, in presented paper we investigated the processing (melt flow index),...
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Low-Coherence Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors with Potential Applications as Biosensors
PublikacjaFiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometers (FPI) can be applied as optical sensors, and excellent measurement sensitivity can be obtained by fine-tuning the interferometer design. In this work, we evaluate the ability of selected dielectric thin films to optimize the reflectivity of the Fabry-Pérot cavity. The spectral reflectance and transmittance of dielectric films made of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with...
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Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process
PublikacjaIn this paper, the miniaturized electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. The size reduction was obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material commonly used in low-cost 3D printing. The influence of 3D printing process imperfections on the ESPAR antenna design is investigated and a simple yet effective method to compensate them has been proposed....