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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: CW FM
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Doppler effect in the CW FM sonar
PublikacjaWhen sonars are used for military purposes they have to ensure unobtrusive operation, a feature that can be potentially secured by 'silent sonar' or continuous wave frequency modulation sonars (CW FM sonars). The article presents how these sonars operate and identifies the relations between their parameters. The Doppler effect and its impact on the CW FM sonar are studied to identify how it affects the sonar's parameters. The results...
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Distance measurement errors in silent FM-CW sonar with matched filtering
PublikacjaThe secretiveness of sonar operation can be achieved by using continuous frequency-modulated sounding signalswith reduced power and significantly prolonged repeat time. The application of matched filtration in the sonarreceiver provides optimal conditions for detection against the background of white noise and reverberation, and avery good resolution of distance measurements of motionless targets. The article shows that target...
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Analysis of distance measurement errors in CW FM sonar with MLS code modulation
PublikacjaAlthough used in the classic silent sonar, the CW FM sounding signal has a major flaw which is its inaccuracy in determining the distance to a target. The authors of the article have developed a concept of silent sonar using frequency modulation signals switched by pseudorandom codes, already discussed in their previous work. This article presents a detailed analysis of errors in CW FM sonar with pseudo-random sequence code modulation...
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Mutual Clutter Suppression Techniques for FM Sonars
PublikacjaThe article presents methods that help in the elimination of mutual clutter as well as the consequences of two FM sounding signal sonars operating in the same body of water and frequency band. An in-depth analysis of mutual clutter was carried out. The effects of sounding signal differentiation were determined, as was the Doppler effect on mutual clutter suppression. One of the methods analysed is of particular interest in a situation...
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Demodulacja AM-FM dyskretnych sygnałów świergotowych
PublikacjaW pracy zaprezentowano dwa nowe krótkie (4-punktowe) estymatory amplitudy chwilowej rzeczywistych sygnałów świergotowych (ang. chirp) współpracujące z 4-punktowym estymatorem pulsacji chwilowej MODCOV4p. W ten sposób otrzymano dwa demodulatory AM-FM o stosunkowo dużej dokładności obu estymat i o zakresie dynamicznym AM i FM wystarczająco szerokim do większości praktycznych zastosowań.
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Application of vertical flow cw for highly contaminated wastewater treatment
PublikacjaBasing on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of reject waters generated during digested sewage sludge dewatering on centrifuges in conventional WWTP (RWC) and municipal landfill leachate (LL), the pilot constructed wetlands for treatment of both types of highly contaminated wastewater were designed. In the paper the characteristics of the pilot plants and assumed treatment efficiencies are presented. According to the...
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Chirp-rate estimation of FM signals in the time-frequency domain
PublikacjaNovel dynamic representations of a complex signal in the time-frequency domain including: a channelized instantaneous complex frequency (CICF), a complex local group delay (CLGD) and a channelized instantaneous chirp-rate (CICR) are introduced. The proposed approach is based on the use of the gradient of the short-time Fourier transform complex phase. An interpretation of the newly-introduced distributions especially of the CICR...
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Measurement of distance, velocity and angle of arrival using FMCW-CW combined waveform
PublikacjaA procedure of tacking small flying object based on a general principle of FMCW and Doppler radar is presented. In order to increase measurement range, this technique uses active signal source on the moving object. For simultaneous measurements of distance, radial velocity and direction (AoA) as well as simplified synchronization a combined FMCW-CW waveform is proposed. The presented measurement system was realized and verified...
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Reception of Terrestrial DAB+ and FM Radio with a Mobile Device: A Subjective Quality Evaluation
PublikacjaNowadays, terrestrial broadcasting enables to receive content anytime and everywhere. People can obtain information both with a portable or desktop receiver, which include pocket-sized devices as well as high-end Hi-Fi equipment, not to mention car audio systems. Numerous manufacturers include FM-compatible chipsets in a variety of user equipment (UE), including mobile phones. However, digital radio signal processing modules, such...
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A Multichannel Receiver of the Experimental FM Based Passive Radar Using Software Defined Radio Technology
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Digital Transformation of Terrestrial Radio: An Analysis of Simulcasted Broadcasts in FM and DAB+ for a Smart and Successful Switchover
PublikacjaThe process of digitizing radio is far from over. It is an important interdisciplinary aspect, involving Big Data and AI (Artificial Intelligence) when it comes to classifying and handling content, and an organizational challenge in the Industry 4.0 concept. There exist several methods for delivering audio signals, including terrestrial broadcasting and internet streaming. Among them, the DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus)...
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Noise effect on parameters of quiet sonar with code modulation
PublikacjaEarlier publications of the paper authors have shown that the use of code keying mixed with the CW FM sound signal allows the significant reduction in the distance measurement error, compared to classic silent CW FM sonar. In addition to the code modulation parameters, the magnitude of this error is influenced by the received input acoustic noise. The article shows the dependence of the input signal-to-noise ratio and the sound...
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Silent Sonar with matched filtration
PublikacjaRadars with continuous wave frequency (CW FM sonars) are used in radiolocation as 'silent sonars'. They determine the distance to target by measuring the difference between the frequency of the sounding signal and echo signal. The article presents the principle of operation and parameters of silent CW FM sonars. Target distance determined by these sonars is based on the signal at the output of the matched filter. The Doppler effect...
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Continuous wave sonar with hyperbolic frequency modulation keyed by pseudo-random sequence
PublikacjaA CW FM type sounding signal is used in the classical solution of silent sonar. While the signal provides a relatively simple implementation of digital signal processing, and ensures good detection conditions, unfortunately, in the presence of the Doppler effect, distance measurement results tend to be wrong. This is due to the fact that the received signal’s instantaneous frequency value is dependent both on the distance to the...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas
PublikacjaCommercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and...
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On a flexomagnetic behavior of composite structures
PublikacjaThe popularity of the studies is getting further on the flexomagnetic (FM) response of nano-electro-magneto machines. In spite of this, there are a few incompatibilities with the available FM model. This study indicates that the accessible FM model is inappropriate when considering the converse magnetization effect that demonstrates the necessity and importance of deriving a new FM relation. Additionally, the literature has neglected...
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Molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter in manganese ore-mediated constructed wetlands for fresh leachate treatment
PublikacjaThe organic matter (OM) and nitrogen in Fresh leachate (FL) from waste compression sites pose environmental and health risks. Even though the constructed wetland (CW) can efficiently remove these pollutants, the molecular-level transformations of dissolved OM (DOM) in FL remain uncertain. This study reports the molecular dynamics of DOM and nitrogen removal during FL treatment in CWs. Two lab-scale vertical-flow CW systems were...
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Rural domestic wastewater treatment in Norway and Poland: experiences, cooperation and concepts on the improvement of constructed wetland technology
PublikacjaThis article describes Norwegian and Polish experiences concerning domestic wastewatertreatment obtained during nearly 20 years of operation for constructed wetland (CW) systemsin rural areas and scattered settlements. The Norwegian CW systems revealed a highperformance with respect to the removal of organic matter, biogenic elements and faecalindicator bacteria. The performance of the Polish CW systems was unstable, and varied...
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Treatment of landfill leachate by constructed wetlands: three case studies
PublikacjaThe performance of three CW systems treating landfill leachate, two located in northern Poland (Szadółki near Gdańsk and Gatka near Miastko) and one in southern Sweden (Örebro), is discussed. The CWs differ in size, hydraulic regime, type of hydrophytic plants and type of leachate pre-treatment before discharging to the CW. The CW in Szadółki consists of two parallel beds with sub-surface, horizontal flow of leachate (HSSF) planted...
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Dynamics of cutting power during sawing with circular saw blades as an effect of wood properties changes in the cross section
PublikacjaIn the paper the effect of the method calculation upon the cutting power is presented. In computations were used models in which fracture toughness was incorporated. The comparison concerned models as follows: FM-CM – classic model in which the sum of all uncut chip thicknesses of the simultaneously teeth engaged represented the mean uncut chip thickness, FM-FDM – full dynamical model in which besides variable uncut chip thickness...
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Wpływ konfiguracji i zasilania obiektów hydrofitowych na efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń
PublikacjaAnalizie poddano trzy hybrydowe obiekty hydrofitowe zlokalizowane w Wiklinie, Sarbsku i Wieszynie w rejonie Słupska. Obiekty różniły się konfiguracją złóż HF-CW i VF-CW oraz sposobem zasilania ściekami złóż VF-CW. Wykazano, że zdolność obiektów do usuwania substancji organicznej zmieniała się w kolejności dla ChZTCr: Wieszyno>Sarbsk>Wiklino - 8,0 >7,6 > 3,8 g/m2d podczas gdy zdolność do usuwania Nog : Wiklino > Sarbsk > Wieszyno...
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Comparative Lipidomic Study of Human Milk from Different Lactation Stages and Milk Formulas
PublikacjaIn this report, we present a detailed comparison of the lipid composition of human milk (HM) and formula milk (FM) targeting different lactation stages and infant age range. We studied HM samples collected from 26 Polish mothers from colostrum to 19 months of lactation, along with FM from seven brands available on the Polish market (infant formula, follow-on formula and growing-up formula). Lipid extracts were analysed using liquid...
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On Nonlinear Bending Study of a Piezo-Flexomagnetic Nanobeam Based on an Analytical-Numerical Solution
PublikacjaAmong various magneto-elastic phenomena, flexomagnetic (FM) coupling can be defined as a dependence between strain gradient and magnetic polarization and, contrariwise, elastic strain and magnetic field gradient. This feature is a higher-order one than piezomagnetic, which is the magnetic response to strain. At the nanoscale, where large strain gradients are expected, the FM effect is significant and could be even dominant. In...
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A fast start-up of the organotrophic anammox process inoculated with constructed wetland sediment
PublikacjaOrganotrophic anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria can utilize small volatile fatty acids with nitrate as electron acceptors with less energy consumption and no biomass production. To achieve a faster and stable start-up of organotrophic anammox process, in this study, the growth of organotrophic anammox bacteria seeded from hybrid constructed wetland (CW) sediment under different TOC/TN ratios and different chloramphenicol...
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Coupling transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in a long-term operated full-scale constructed wetland
PublikacjaThe coupling transformation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur compounds has been studied in lab-scale and pilot-scale constructed wetlands (CWs), but few studies investigated full-scale CW. In this study, we used batch experiments to investigate the potentials of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur transformation in a long-term operated, full-scale horizontal subsurface flow wetland. The sediments collected from the HSFW were incubated for...
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Measurements of raising of 160EC pantograph type
Dane BadawczeIn this description the results of the experiment and also simulation performed on the total assembly of the 160 EC pantograph type is given. Multibody dynamics of pantograph rising due to external torque and forces are measured for parameter validation of the pantograph model.
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Tuning the ferromagnetic phase in the CDW compound SmNiC2 via chemical alloying
PublikacjaWe report a study on tuning the charge density wave (CDW) ferromagnet SmNiC2 to a weakly coupled superconductor by substituting La for Sm. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the doped compounds obey Vegard’s law, where La (Lu) alloying expands (shrinks) the lattice due to its larger (smaller) atomic size than Sm. In the series Sm1−xLaxNiC2, CDW transition (TCDW =148K) for SmNiC2 is gradually suppressed, while the ferromagnetic...
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The effect of shear deformations' rotary inertia on the vibrating response of multi-physic composite beam-like actuators
PublikacjaIn consecutive studies on flexomagneticity (FM), this work investigates the flexomagnetic reaction of a vibrating squared multi-physic beam in finite dimensions. It is assumed that the bending and shear deformations cause rotary inertia. In the standard type of the Timoshenko beam the rotary inertia originated from shear deformations has been typically omitted. It means the rotary inertia resulting from shear deformation is a new...
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Efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń w filtrach hydrofitowych z sekwencyjnym pionowym i poziomym przepływem ścieków.
PublikacjaW przypadku obiektów hydrofitowych projektowanych w warunkach lokalnych, na terenach o umiarkowanym klimacie, kiedy wymagane jest spełnienie dopuszczalnych stężeń związków biogennych, rozważa się stosowanie układów złożonych ze złóż z przepływem podpowierzchniowym pionowym i poziomym (tzw. obiektów hybrydowych). W razie potrzeby układy te można rozbudowywać o dodatkowe urządzenia doczyszczające. Obecnie rozróżnia się dwa zasadnicze...
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Retencja i usuwanie związków azotu w hybrydowych systemach hydrofitowych
PublikacjaHybrydowe systemy hydrofitowe (ze zmiennym poziomym i pionowym przepływem ścieków) łączą zalety i eliminują wady układów bez zmiennego przepływu ścieków, co w rezultacie prowadzi do skutecznego i stabilnego w czasie usuwania substancji organicznej i związków azotu. Na podstawie analizy przeprowadzonych badań w pracy przedstawiono ilościowe i jakościowe przemiany substancji organicznej i związków azotu. Podano skuteczność usuwania...
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The efficiency and reliability of pollutant removal in a hybrid constructed wetland with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke in Poland
PublikacjaIn this paper, we analysed the pollutant removal efficiency and reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 1.2m3·d−1. The tests were carried out during. 5-years of operation of the sewage treatment plant (2011–2016). During this...
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Technika próżniowa_23/24
Kursy OnlineTechnika próżniowa 5. sem. kier. FT, wydz. FTiMS, kier. FM, wydz. FTiMS
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Microscopy analysis of A549 and H460 cells' mitochondria after exposure to TXT2 and TXT4
Dane BadawczeThe data set contains live-cell imaging of A549 and H460 cells' mitochondria after exposure to TXT2 and TXT4. Cells were exposed for 6 h to the tested compounds at their IC90 concentration or to DMSO. Then, mitochondrial labelling was performed by incubating the cells with a MitoTracker Green FM probe (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Hoechst 33342 (Thermo...
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Influence of COD-fractions on removal effectiveness and accumulation of organic matter in constructed wetlands
PublikacjaW pracy wykazano, że efektywność usuwania substancji organicznej doprowadzanej w ściekach bytowo-gospodarczych do złóż hydrofitowych zależy od rodzaju frakcji substancji organicznej oraz ich stężeń. Na podstawie analizy poszczególnych frakcji ChZT (rozpuszczonych związków organicznych biologicznie łatwo- i nierozkładalnych oraz zawiesin organicznych biologicznie wolno- i nierozkładalnych) wykazano, że na akumulację substancji organicznej...
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Technika próżniowa_22/23
Kursy OnlineTechnika próżniowa 5. sem. kier. FT, wydz. FTiMS 2. sem. kier. FM, wydz. FTiMS
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Landfill leachate treatment at a pilot plant using hydrophyte systems
PublikacjaConstructed wetlands can provide an effective and economical solution to landfill leachate treatment. In the article the performance of a CW for leachate treatment, consisting of two horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HF-CW) beds, working at the municipal landfill in Gdansk-Szadolki in the period 2004-2005 is being discussed. The plant has been operating since 2001. Clogging problems and surface flow occurred in the system...
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Toward Safe and Efficient Recovery of Gas Munitions Dumped at Sea
PublikacjaThe proposal of a system for the safe recovery of unexploded ordnance (UXO), chemical weapons (CW) and chemicalwarfare agents (CWA) dumped at sea mainly after WWI and WWII is described in this work. The proposed solutionaddresses the tasks required to neutralise thousands of tons of dumped material and the currently available solutionsand proposed ideas. Requirements concerning the features of a recovery system are defined and...
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Podstawy Konstrukcji Maszyn I cw
Kursy Online -
Einfluss organischer Stoffe im Abwasser auf die Abbaueffizienz in Hybridbodenfiltern
PublikacjaŚcieki po oczyszczeniu mechanicznym mogą być poddawane dalszemu oczyszczaniu na złożach hydrofitowych, gdzie są usuwane zanieczyszczenia organiczne występujące w postaci zawieszonej i substancji rozpuszczonej.W przypadku nadmiernego obciążenia złóż hydrofitowych ładunkiem substancji organicznej doprowadzanej ze ściekami nastąpić może nastąpić odtlenienie gruntu, a w konsekwencji zaburzenie zachodzących procesów rozkładu.Na podstawie...
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Subiektywny pomiar jakości sygnałów mowy i muzyki w lokalnych multipleksach radiofonii DAB+ w Gdańsku i Wrocławiu
PublikacjaRadiofonia cyfrowa DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) dostępna jest dla słuchaczy w Polsce od 2013 r. Standard ten oferuje szerokie możliwości konfiguracji multipleksów lokalnych nie tylko pod względem liczby, lecz także jakości nadawanych programów radiowych. Dzięki temu możliwe jest dostosowanie parametrów emitowanych sygnałów w celu sprostania oczekiwaniom odbiorców końcowych. W przeciwieństwie do radiofonii analogowej FM...
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Kolmatacja złóż hydrofitowych z pionowym przepływem ścieków w warunkach niedotlenienia
PublikacjaNa podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań dotyczących wpływu ograniczonego natlenienia złóż VF-CW na kolmatację sformułowano następujące wnioski:1. Obecność zawiesiny w ściekach miała wpływ na szybkość biodegradacji doprowadzanej substancji organicznej. Ścieki dopływające do Wieszyna ulegały stabilizacji biochemicznej dwukrotnie wolniej niż ścieki pochodzące z Wiklina. Przyczyną niższej szybkości biodegradacji było wyższe stężenie...
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Using terrestrial laser scanning in inventorying of a hybrid constructed wetland system
PublikacjaThe goal of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for inventorying of a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) wastewater treatment plant. The object under study was a turtle-shaped system built in 2015 in Eastern Poland. Its main purpose is the treatment of wastewater from theMuseumand Education Centre of Polesie National Park. The study showed that the CW system had been built in compliance...
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Removal of persistant organic pollutants from landfill leachates treated in three constructed wetland systems
PublikacjaThe objective of the study was assessment of occurrence and removal of two groups of persistent organic pollutants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in landfill leachate (LL) treated in three constructed wetland systems (CWs) of different construction and flow regime. Two subsurface flow systems (SSF) were analyzed: one with horizontal flow and the second one consisting of two vertical...
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SMG System monitorowania utrzymania czystości i porządku w gminie – SMG
ProjektyProjekt realizowany w Katedra Geodezji zgodnie z porozumieniem POIR.01.01.01-00-0224/21 z dnia 2021-04-15
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Adaptacyjna metoda doboru przepływności przydzielanych programom radiowym nadawanym w standardzie DAB+
PublikacjaW artykule opisano pomiary jakości transmisji rzeczywistych programów radiowych nadawanych w standardzie DAB+. Omówiono badania ankietowe dotyczące przełączenia emisji programów radiowych z techniki analogowej FM na cyfrową DAB+. Dokonano analizy typów audycji prowadzonych w godzinie największej słuchalności pod kątem efektywnego zarządzania ograniczonymi zasobami częstotliwościowymi. Zaproponowano metodę adaptacyjnego doboru przepływności...
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Evaluation of respiration capacity of VF in hybrid constructed wetland systems.
PublikacjaThree VF-beds operating in hybrid constructed wetlands in configuration HF-VF-HF were analysed. These hybrid constructed wetlands provide the II stage biological treatment. They are located in Pommerania voivodship, in Sarbsk, Wiklino and Wieszyno, and their capacities are 29.5, 14.2 and 21.6 m3/d, respectively. The article focuses on performance and operation of VF-CW plants during one year. Based on removal of organic matter...
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Procesy i efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń z odcieków ze składowisk odpadów komunalnych w oczyszczalniach hydrofitowych
PublikacjaOczyszczanie odcieków z SOK jest jednym z najbardziej istotnych problemów ekologicznych na świecie. Odprowadzenie odcieków do oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych jest przeważnie niemożliwe, ze względu na ich zmienną ilość oraz skład, bardzo wysokie stężenia ChZT i azotu amonowego, a także obecność trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych (TZO) oraz metali ciężkich. Najlepszym rozwiązaniem jest oczyszczanie wód odciekowych na terenie składowiska....
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The Concept of Construction of Hybrid Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment in Roztocze National Park
PublikacjaRoztocze National Park (RNP) is one of 23 national parks in Poland. It was created in 1974 both to protect the natural and cultural heritage as well as to share the park area for science, education and tourism. In caring for the environment, the park removed asbestos coverage, performs thermo-modernization using renewable energy sources by the installation of solar panels and photovoltaic cells on the roofs of buildings, and pellet...
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The treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceuticals in microcosm constructed wetlands: the occurrence of integrons (int1–2) and associated resistance genes (sul1–3, qacEΔ1)
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and other genetic elements as antiseptic resistance gene (qacEΔ1) and class 1 and class 2 integrons (int1–2) in the upper layer of substrate and in the effluent of microcosm constructed wetlands (CWs) treating artificial wastewater containing diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The bacteria in the substrate...
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SUBIEKTYWNA OCENA MULTIPLEKSU RADIOFONII LOKALNEJ DAB+ DZIAŁAJĄCEJ W GDAŃSKU I WROCŁAWIU
PublikacjaStandard DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) jest wiodącym systemem naziemnej radiofonii cyfrowej. W porównaniu do analogowej radiofonii FM wszystkie usługi, obejmujące tradycyjne programy radiowe oraz usługi transmisji danych, grupowane są w zbiór (ensemble). Praca ta przedstawia proces rekonfiguracji polskiego multipleksu na przykładzie lokalnej radiofonii DAB+ w Gdańsku i Wrocławiu. Opisuje wyniki badań subiektywnych dotyczących...