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Search results for: SAFETY AT SEA
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INFORMATION ABOUT DYNAMICS OF THE SEA SURFACE AS A MEANS TO IMPROVE SAFETY OF THE UNMANNED VESSEL AT SEA
PublicationOne of the fundamental states of the sea surface is its heave. Despite of years of the intense scientific inquiry, no clear understanding of the influence of this aspect on the dynamics of the sea environment has emerged. The separation of two nearby fluid elements which one may observed for example as a free floating of small objects on the sea surface (rescuers on the rough sea or small research vessels) is caused by the interaction...
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A method for assessing hazards, risks and safety of damaged ships at sea
PublicationPrzedstawiono wybrane problemy związane z metodą oceny bezpieczeństwa statków, opartej na ocenie zachowania się statku i ocenie ryzyka, w warunkach eksploatacyjnych. Omówiono zakres oceny bezpieczeństwa i analizy ryzyka w odniesieniu do zagadnienia zachowania się statku uszkodzonego na morzu. Analiza ryzyka oparta jest na zastosowaniu elementów Formalnej Oceny Bezpieczeństwa FSA. Opisano główne kroki analizy ryzyka. Podano podstawowe...
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Maritime Communication and Sea Safety of the Future - Machnine-type 5G Communication Concept
PublicationThe article presents the concept of a system based on 5G network and M2M communication increasing maritime safety. Generally, the focus was on presenting a proposal for a hierarchical, hybrid, cooperative system with M2M communication coordinated with BAN networks. The possi-ble applications of M2M communication at sea were also presented.
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ISSUE OF MAKING DECISIONS WITH REGARD TO SHIP TRAFFIC SAFETY IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS AT SEA
PublicationThe paper refers to the possibilities of making operational decisions that would enable to ensure safety to a ship in the event of application of the statistical decision theory with consideration of an expected value of consequences as a criterion for making such a decision. General description includes conditions for carrying out transportation tasks by ships and it has been shown that following this description it is possible...
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Analysis of the impact of socio-economic development on road safety based on the example of Baltic Sea Region countries
PublicationBaltic Sea Region (BSR) is a specific region of Europe, bringing together countries with different levels of socio-economic development. The main common point is territorial access to the Baltic Sea and the importance of maritime transport in the transportation of goods. The region consists of 9 countries, including Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Russia (more specifically, Kaliningrad...
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Determination of probabilities defining safety of a sea-going ship during performance of a transportation task in stormy weather conditions
PublicationThe paper presents the possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes to determine the limiting distribution for the process of changes of technical states being reliability states of the systems of sea-going ships significantly affecting safety of such ships, which include main engine, propeller and steering gear. The distribution concerns the probabilities of occurrence of the said states defined for a long time...
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Sailing Vessel Routing Considering Safety Zone and Penalty Time for Altering Course
PublicationIn this paper we introduce new model for simulation sea vessel routing. Besides a vessel types (polar diagram) and weather forecast, travel security and the number of maneuvers are considered. Based on these data both the minimal travelling costs and the minimal processing time are found for different vessels and different routes. To test our model the applications SailingAssistance wad improved. The obtained results shows that...
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Aspects of pollution in Gdansk and gdynia Harbours at the coastal zone of the South Baltic Sea
PublicationOrganotin compounds (OTC), as well as metals, are toxic to many organisms. Even at very low concentrations OTC and metals can have several negative effects. The paper discusses key issues relating to the location of harbours in the coastal zone (including near the river mouths and semi-closed access to the sea) and the pollution of harbour sediments with heavy metals (e.g. zinc, copper, nickel and lead) and organotin derivatives...
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Preliminary Results of a System-theoretic Assessment of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships' Safety
PublicationWhile a system‐theoretic approach to the safety analysis of innovative socio‐technical systems gains a growing acceptance among academia, safety issues of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we applied a System‐Theoretic Process Analysis to develop and analyze a preliminary model of the unmanned shipping system in order to elaborate safety recommendations for...
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Weather Hazard Avoidance in Modeling Safety of Motor-Driven Ship for Multicriteria Weather Routing
PublicationWeather routing methods find the most suitable ocean?s route for a vessel, taking into account changeable weather conditions and navigational constraints. In the multicriteria approach based on the evolutionary SPEA algorithm one is able to consider a few constrained criteria simultaneously. The approach applied for a ship with hybrid propulsions has already been presented by one of the authors on previous TransNav?2009. This time...
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The Development of a Combined Method to Quickly Assess Ship Speed and Fuel Consumption at Different Powertrain Load and Sea Conditions
PublicationDecision support systems (DSS) recently have been increasingly in use during ships operation. They require realistic input data regarding different aspects of navigation. To address the optimal weather routing of a ship, which is one of the most promising field of DSS application, it is necessary to accurately predict an actually attainable speed of a ship and corresponding fuel consumption at given loading conditions and predicted...
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Interference between Land and Sea Logistics Systems. Multifunctional Building System Design Towards Autonomous Integrated Transport Infrastructure
PublicationThe research is focused on developing design theory towards efficient multifunctional facilities for logistics supply chains in the contemporary urban city structures. The development of modern systems based on autonomous transport creates new conditions for their management and generates an emerging need to define dedicated functional service structures. An important element of consideration also taken into account is the scenario...
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Approach Manoeuvre During Emergency Ship-to-Ship Transfer Operation with Oil Spill
PublicationOne of the major activities during Ship to Ship (STS) transfer operation at sea is to safe approach the Ship to be Lightered (SBL) which moves on a constant heading with slow speed or drifting. In the paper described the manoeuvring problem for approaching during emergency STS transfer operation with oil spill. The approach manoeuvre is considered as a sequence of navigation manoeuvres in specific navigational environment with...
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Algorithms for Ship Movement Prediction for Location Data Compression
PublicationDue to safety reasons, the movement of ships on the sea, especially near the coast should be tracked, recorded and stored. However, the amount of vessels which trajectories should be tracked by authorized institutions, often in real time, is usually huge. What is more, many sources of vessels position data (radars, AIS) produces thousands of records describing route of each tracked object, but lots of that records are correlated...
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A Simulative Comparison of Ship Domains and Their Polygonal Approximations
PublicationThe paper investigates the impact of a precise ship domain shape on the size of collision avoidance manoeuvres. The considered collision avoidance manoeuvres include both course and speed alterations. Various ship domains are compared with their polygonal approximations, which vary in the number of points of a domain contour and placement of these points. The best of all considered approximations is determined in the course of...
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Simulation Environment in Python for Ship Encounter Situations
PublicationTo assess the risk of collision in radar navigation distance-based safety measures such as Distance at the Closest Point of Approach and Time to the Closest Point of Approach are most commonly used. Also Bow Crossing Range and Bow Crossing Time measures are good complement to the picture of the meeting situation. When ship safety domain is considered then Degree of Domain Violation and Time to Domain Violation can be applied. This...
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Towards the Development of a Risk Model for Unmanned Vessels Design and Operations
PublicationAn unmanned merchant vessel seems to be escaping from the stage of idea exploration. Once the concept proofs its safety, it may become a part of maritime reality. Although the safety aspect of such a ship has been addressed by a handful of scholars, the problem remains open. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge regarding actual operational circumstances and design of unmanned ships, which are yet to be developed. In the...
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Streaming Real-time Data in Distributed Dispatcher and Teleinformation Systems for Visualization of Multimedia Data of the Border Guard
PublicationSurveillance of the sea borders is a very important task for the Border Guard. Monitoring of country maritime border is an important task of the Border Guard. This task can be facilitated with the use of the technology enabling gathering information from distributed sources and its supervision and visualization. This task can be accomplished using a technology that allows to collect information from distributed sensors of different...
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Prediction of Ship Resonant Rolling - Related Dangerous Zones with Regard to the Equivalent Metacentric Height Governing Natural Frequency of Roll
PublicationPotentially dangerous zones corresponding to dynamical stability phenomena, possibly encountered by ships sailing in rough sea, are estimated nowadays with the use of the method recommended by IMO in the guidance coded MSC.1/Circ.1228. In this IMO method the parameter governing the natural period of roll is the initial metacentric height. Some earlier studies revealed that the initial metacentric height...
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A hybrid model of flooding of the ro-ro ships in damaged conditions
PublicationThe paper presents some results on investigations concerning development of a hybrid model for assessment of performance of the ro‐ro ships in damaged conditions. The model is devoted towards assessing the performance of the damaged ro‐ro ships at the preliminary stage of design. The key problems associated with preparing of such the model are associated with working out a method of assessment of the damaged roro ships performance,...
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Towards the Development of a Risk Model for Unmanned Vessels Design and Operations
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Distribution of the International Marine Traffic Air Pollutant Emissions in the Port of Split
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Low Frequency Electromagnetic Interferences Impact on Transport Security Systems Used in Wide Transport Areas
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Evaluation of RTKLIB's Positioning Accuracy Using low-cost GNSS Receiver and ASG-EUPOS
PublicationThe paper focuses on a comparison of different positioning methods provided by free and open source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB. The RTKLIB supports real‐time and post‐processed positioning. The most important modes of operation tested by the authors are Kinematic, Static, Fixed and Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The data for evaluation were obtained from low‐cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver....
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Distributed Evolutionary Algorithm for Path Planning in Navigation Situation
PublicationThis article presents the use of a multi-population distributed evolutionary algorithm for path planning in navigation situation. The algorithm used is with partially exchanged population and migration between independently evolving populations. In this paper a comparison between a multi-population and a classic single-population algorithm takes place. The impact on the ultimate solution has been researched. It was shown that using...
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Comparative Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Used in Photogrammetric Surveys
PublicationThere are many manufacturers on the market offering various types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The multitude of drones available on the market means that the choice of a UAV for a specific application appears to be a decision problem to be solved. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of drones used in photogrammetric surveys. The criteria for evaluating the UAVs were: availability and product support, payload...
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Bridge Ergonomic Design: A Review
PublicationHuman error remains the most common cause of marine incidents and it is worth emphasizing that navigator’s performance is directly affected by ergonomic factors on the bridge. Studies regarding influence of bridge design and work environment on the operator are rare, thus the main purpose of this paper is to fill in this gap. Documents issued by recognized organizations, research publications and additional sources were reviewed...
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Shoreline Extraction Based on LiDAR Data Obtained Using an USV
PublicationThis article explores the use of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) derived point clouds to extract the shoreline of the Lake Kłodno (Poland), based on their geometry properties. The data collection was performed using the Velodyne VLP‐16 laser scanner, which was mounted on the HydroDron Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). A modified version of the shoreline extraction method proposed by Xu et al. was employed, comprising of the following...
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Use of a Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method in Positioning a Tramway Track in the Gdansk Agglomeration
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Modeling 3D Objects for Navigation Purposes Using Laser Scanning
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An Intergrated Model of Motion, Steering, Positioning and Stabilization of an Unmanned Autonomous Maritime Vehicle
PublicationIn the paper the aim of an interdisciplinary research is presented. The research method is introduced. An object the unmanned autonomous maritime vehicle is briefly described. The key research problem concerns a combined model of the vehicle motion including the loads of lift and hydrodynamic nature. The model takes into account the gravity and displacement forces, resistance and thrust forces, lift and other hydrodynamic forces....
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Heuristic Method of Safe Manoeuvre Selection Based on Collision Threat Parameters Areas
PublicationThis paper is a continuation of papers dedicated to a radar-based CTPA (Collision Threat Parameters Area) display designed to support safe manoeuvre selection. The display visualizes all the ships in an encounter and presents situational overview from the own ship’s point of view. It calculates and displays information on unsafe or unrealistic own ship’s course & speed allowing a user to select a safe manoeuvre. So far only the...
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Fractional Order Dynamic Positioning Controller
PublicationImproving the performance of Dynamic Positioning System in such applications as station keeping, position mooring and slow speed references tracking requires improving the position and heading control precision. These goals can be achieved through the improvement of the ship control system. Fractional-order calculus is a very useful tool which extends classical, integer-order calculus and is used in contemporary modeling and control...
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Use of a Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method in Positioning a Tramway Track in the Gdansk Agglomeration
PublicationSatellite measurement techniques have been used for many years in different types of human activity, including work related to staking out and making use of rail infrastructure. First and foremost, satellite techniques are applied to determine the tramway track course and to analyse the changes of its position during its operation. This paper proposes using the least squares with conditional equations method, known in geodesy (LSce)....
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Trim Optimisation - Theory and Practice
PublicationForce Technology has been working intensively with trim optimisation tests for almost last 10 years. Focus has primarily been put on the possible power savings and exhaust gases reduction. This paper describes the trim optimisation process for a large cargo vessel. The physics behind changed propulsive power is described and the analyses in order to elaborate the optimum trimmed conditions are presented. Different methods for prediction...
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Client-server Approach in the Navigation System for the Blind
PublicationThe article presents the client‐server approach in the navigation system for the blind ‐ “Voice Maps”. The authors were among the main creators of the prototype and currently the commercialization phase is being finished. In the implemented prototype only exemplary, limited spatial data were used, therefore they could be stored and analysed (for path-finding process) in the mobile device’s memory without any difficulties. The...
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Evolutionary Ship Track Planning within Traffic Separation Schemes – Evaluation of Individuals
PublicationThe paper presents an extended version of the author’s Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories method. The method plans safe tracks of all ships involved in an encounter including speed reduction manoeuvres, if necessary, and taking into account Rule 10 of COLREGS, which specifies ships’ behaviour within Traffic Separation Schemes governed by IMO. The paper focuses on the evaluation phase of the evolutionary process and shows...
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Data Integration from GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems for Pedestrians in Urban Area
PublicationThe GPS system is widely used in navigation and the GPS receiver can offer long-term stable absolute positioning information. The overall system performance depends largely on the signal environments. The position obtained from GPS is often degraded due to obstruction and multipath effect caused by buildings, city infrastructure and vegetation, whereas, the current performance achieved by inertial navigation systems (INS) is still...
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Modeling of Combined Phenomena Affecting an AUV Stealth Vehicle
PublicationIn the paper some results of research connected with modelling the basic stealth characteristics of an AUV vehicle are presented. First of all a general approach to design of the stealth AUV autonomous underwater vehicle under consideration is introduced. Then, the AUV stealth vehicle concept is briefly described. Next a method of modelling of the stealth characteristics is briefly described as well. As an example of the stealth...
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The Impact of Sloshing Liquids on Ship Stability for Various Dimensions of Partly Filled Tanks
PublicationLiquid sloshing phenomenon taking place in partly filled ships' tanks directly affects the stability of a vessel. However, only static calculations are carried out onboard ships nowadays and static transfer of liquid weight is taken into account in the course of routine stability calculation. The paper is focused on a dynamic heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks onboard ships. A number of numerical simulations of liquid...
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A Method of Assessment of the Liquid Sloshing Impact on Ship Transverse Stability
PublicationLiquid sloshing phenomenon taking place in partly filled ships? tanks directly affects the stability of a vessel. However, only static calculations are carried out onboard ships nowadays and static transfer of liquid weight is taken into account in the course of routine stability calculation. The paper is focused on a dynamic heeling moment due to liquid sloshing in tanks onboard ships. The set of numerical simulations of liquid...
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Variations of Ship’s Deck Elevation Due to Stochastic Process of Containers Loading
PublicationThe stochastic process of container loading is described in the paper with special emphasis to ship motion when she is lying at a quay. The 3 DOF system was applied to describe rolling, pitching and heaving of a vessel which may cause a significant variations of momentary deck elevation. The realistic range of such variations are assessed for a variety of cargo locations on-board and a phase shift between two independent gantries...
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Modeling of Accidental Bunker Oil Spills as a Result of Ship's Bunker Tanks Rupture - a Case Study
PublicationAIS (Automatic Identification System) data analysis is used to define ship domain for grounding scenarios. The domain has been divided into two areas as inner and outer domains. Inner domain has clear border, which is based on ship dynamic characteristics. Violation of inner domain makes the grounding accident unavoidable. Outer domain area is defined with AIS data analyzing. Outer domain shows the situation of own ship in compare...
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Multicriteria Evolutionary Weather Routing Algorithm in Practice
PublicationThe Multicriteria Evolutionary Weather Routing Algorithm (MEWRA) has already been introduced by the author on earlier TransNav 2009 and 2011 conferences with a focus on theoretical application to a hybrid-propulsion or motor-driven ship. This paper addresses the topic of possible practical weather routing applications of MEWRA. In the paper some practical advantages of utilizing Pareto front as a result of multicriteria optimization...
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Data Acquisition in a Manoeuver Auto-negotiation System
PublicationTypical approach to collision avoidance systems with artificial intelligence support is that such systems assume a central communication and management point (such as e.g. VTS station), usually located on shore. This approach is, however, not applicable in case of an open water encounter. Thus, recently a new approach towards collision avoidance has been proposed, assuming that all ships in the encounter, either restricted or open...
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Modeling of performance of a AUV vehicle towards limiting the hydro-acoustic field.
PublicationSome results of research devoted to the modeling of a AUV-Stealth vehicle performance towards limiting its hydro-acoustic field are presented in the paper. At the beginning the AUV-Stealth autonomous underwater vehicle concept is described. Then the method of research is introduced. Next the key design drivers of the AUV-Stealth vehicle are presented. Between them are the AUV-Stealth hull form, arrangement of internal spaces,...
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Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals
PublicationThe paper presents a description of the evaluation phase of the Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories method. In general, the Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories method combines some of the assumptions of game theory with evolutionary programming and finds an optimal set of cooperating trajectories of all ships involved in an encounter situation. While developing a new version of this method, the authors decided to...
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Polish DGPS System: 1995-2018 – Studies of Reference Station Operating Zones
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Searching of the buried objects in the sea bottom by means of noninvasive methods
PublicationSearching of objects on the seabed or under its surface currently is a challenge for a number of researchers interested in the sea bottom. The problem relates to the objects on the depths of up to several tens of meters from the surface of the seabed. Finding the objects is the subject of interest for a wide group of users starting from archaeologists, and ending on groups interested in marine safety, as well as in military application...
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Reliability Analysis of Sea Cliff Slope Stability by Point Estimate Method
PublicationThe paper presents a reliability analysis of a sea cliff slope. The cliff, located in Jastrzębia Góra, is characterised by a complicated geological structure. Although currently stable, it is in fact close to the limit state. The objective of this paper is to present the point estimate method (PEM) of determining the mean value and standard deviation of the safety factor of the slope. Assuming its normal distribution, these statistical...