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Search results for: SHIP CONTROL
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Broadband communication solutions for maritime ITSs: Wider and faster deployment of new e-navigation services
Publicationn its initial part, the paper presents an overview of popular technologies and systems currently developed or employed in maritime communication. These solutions are used to provide both ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication for the purpose of supporting specific services, often dedicated to maritime safety and e-navigation. Utility of such communication systems have been thoroughly verified over the years and their strengths...
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Automatic Identification System (AIS) Dynamic Data Integrity Monitoring and Trajectory Tracking Based on the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Process Model
PublicationTo enhance the safety of marine navigation, one needs to consider the involvement of the automatic identification system (AIS), an existing system designed for ship-to-ship and shipto- shore communication. Previous research on the quality of AIS parameters revealed problems that the system experiences with sensor data exchange. In coastal areas, littoral AIS does not meet the expectations of operational continuity and system availability,...
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Review of Selected Methods for Prediction of Added Resistance in Following Waves
PublicationThe added resistance in waves is a mean value of non-linear, second order reaction of a ship to incoming waves. In the beginning of the 20th century, the experimental methods for investigation of ship hydrodynamics at model scale were developed. They allowed the evaluation of added resistance by measurements in irregular waves (directly) or by measurements in regular waves (in-direct method). The main goal was to find more precise...
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Improvement of ships seakeeping performance by application of the full-scale cfd simulations
PublicationThe ship’s fuel economy is increasingly important. The paper presents the effect of redesigning a case study ship for increasing seakeeping performance. Selected wave parameters reflect very difficult operational conditions existing on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The analyzed variants of a case study ship represent the latest developments of modern hull forms. The concepts similar to V-shaped bulbous bow, X-bow, X-aft, B-bow...
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Selected acoustic images of the Gdansk Bay
PublicationThe main goal of the paper is to describe the results of sounding the Gdansk Bay seabed by using a parametric sub-bottom profiler, multibeam echosounder and side scan sonar. Quality of dsata obtained during trials depends interalia on a proper location of antenna to reduce influence of pitch, roll and heave motions as well as ship noise.
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Laboratory test rig for examining aggregate mining from seabed using the AIRLIFT method
PublicationThe use of the Airlift method for transporting the mined aggregate from the seabed to the deck of the mining ship is an alternative for presently used solutions, such as suction pumps or scoop transport for instance. Building the laboratory test rig was preceded by tests in natural conditions. The rig was designed in such a way as to model these conditions as close as possible, and to have potential for further development
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Applying of thin plate boundary condition in analysis of ship’s magnetic field
PublicationThis paper presents computer simulations of ship’s magnetic signatures using a new thin plate boundary condition implemented in the Opera-3d 18R2 program. The paper aims to check the magnetic signatures’ numerical calculations precision of objects using the thin plate boundary conditions and analysis of the magnetic signature of ship with a degaussing system and with and without inner devices.
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Comparison of safety levels required by adequate regulations for cargo ships of different types
PublicationDuring the currently ongoing development of methods for assessing the safety of ships, it is imperative that a compromise between the accuracy of the results and the accessibility of obtaining results is reached. This paper shows the calculations of a theoretical hull against damage stability regulations as included in SOLAS 2020, ICLL 66/88 as amended in 2003 and MARPOL 78. The rules included in the currently valid regulations require...
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Improvement of ships seakeeping performance by application of the Full-scale CFD simulations – case study
PublicationThe ship’s fuel economy is increasingly important. The paper presents the effect of redesigning a case study ship for increasing seakeeping performance. Selected wave parameters reflects very difficult operational con-ditions existing on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The analyzed variants of a case study ship represent the latest developments of modern hull forms. The concepts similar to V-shaped bulbous bow, X-bow, X-aft,...
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An application of multi-agent system for ship’s power systems design
PublicationDesign process of transport ship power system consists of structure (topology) and component elements selection. Compliance with the requirements for static components does not guarantee optimal dynamic characteristics of entire power system. Design steps are difficult to formalize and as a consequence to this reason expert and multi-agent systems are used for solving selected design issues. In the paper distributed multi-agent...
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Towards improved energy efficiency of future smart ships by application of advanced CFD simulations – case study
PublicationThe international trade plays crucial role in today’s globally developed world’s economy. Many people are unaware of the unimaginable volume of cargo being transported every year by oceans and seas. For most of the time invisible from land the shipping industry preserves its strong position of the most cost-efficient and environmental friendly mean of transport. However during last years the shipping industry is under great pressure...
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NetBaltic System-Heterogenous Wireless Network for Maritime Communications
PublicationIn case of maritime communications, we observe a growing interest in deployment of multitask satellite-based solutions and development of new maritime-specific systems intended for improvements in safety of e-navigation. Analysis of different types of currently used maritime communication systems leads, however, to a conclusion that neither global and still very expensive satellite systems nor cheaper, but short-ranged transmission...
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PHYSICAL MODEL OF ENERGY-RELATED PROCESSES IN A ROTATING MECHANICAL SYSTEM FOR THE PURPOSES OF DIAGNOSIS OF TRANSMISSION SHAFTS
PublicationIn the present article, selected problems connected with identification of slowly changing energy-related processes accompanying high cyclic fatigue of construction materials of simple mechanical systems, with special consideration of transmission shafts, are mentioned for diagnostic purposes. The article also presents physical models of object and processes that in a simplified way reflect mechanical energy transmission from transmission...
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Report no WOiO/II/67/2015 - Expertise about load capacity of twistlock foundation and sliding foundation
PublicationCustomer delivered to Laboratory 17 elements - twist lock foundations and sliding lock foundations (ship equipment for container lashing). Elements were selected from production series. Each element was loaded for braking load. After test visual inspection had been performed. The expertise contains: description of tested elements, test assumptions, test stand, results and conclusions
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Application a laboratory stand for multi-symptoms tests for high cyclic fatigue of constructional material
PublicationThis paper describes a need of diagnostics present ship plants according to current technical state. In order to reach competent physical quantity describing fatigue of materials by congregated energy. This paper describes using some diagnostics methods (acoustic emission AE, vibration, thermovision, deformation) in order to definition fatigue state of construction material. The author tries to find correlation between measured...
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Split-Beam Echosounder Data from Puck Bay
PublicationThe acoustic data was collected in 2018–2019 in the Bay of Puck in the seasons: autumn, winter, spring. The data was collected during the day and night using three split-beam echosounders with frequencies of 38 kHz, 120 kHz and 333 kHz at a designated study area not far from the city of Hel, while the ship was sailing. To ensure data quality, the echosounders were calibrated and passive noise was measured.
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Analysis of magnetic field distribution inside ferromagnetic thin shells during degaussing process
PublicationAnalysis of the demagnetization of a large ferromagnetic object like a ship, was conducted. The approximate mathematical model in the form of a long cylindrical shell of constant magnetic permeability was applied. The discrete degaussing winding was assumed and the current density and magnetic flux density distribution in the ferromagnetic shell wall were determined. Based on the frequential and temporal analysis the recommended...
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Design of Inner Gate for CRIST Shipyard Dry Dock
PublicationThe paper deals with a removable steel inner gate which was designed to separate two parts of a dry dock of about 70 m in width and 380 m in length. The gate allows for independent assembly of ship structures in two separated parts of the dock. The fore part of the dock can be flooded while the after part is dry. Tthe gate was designed by IDEK Company Ltd in 2011 and it was soon constructed and used by CRIST Shipyard in Gdynia.
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Virtual reality as a tool for development and simulation. Research projects and experience of the Gdańsk University of Technology
PublicationBy supporting the human imagination, virtual reality technology can be applied in almost every human activity. This is evidenced by the cooperation of the Immersive 3D Visualization Lab with specialists representing such different professions from architects and artists, astronomers and chemists, through historians and museologists, criminologists and military educators, mechanical and ship engineers, up to physicians and psychologists....
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OPERATION OF TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE IN THE RANGE OF OPEN ANTI-SURGE VALVE
PublicationThis paper presents experimental tests of full-scale two-shaft gas turbine in the range of open anti-surge valve (ASV). The tests were carried out in a laboratory gas- turbine test stand belonging to Department of Automation and Power Engineering , Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology , Gdańsk University of Technology. The tests covered the start-up and low load operation of the turbine set in the range of open...
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Minimization of a ship's magnetic signature under external field conditions using a multi-dipole model
PublicationThe paper addresses the innovative issue of minimizing the ship's magnetic signature under any external field conditions, i.e., for arbitrary values of ambient field modulus and magnetic inclination. Varying values of the external field, depending on the current geographical location, affect only the induced part of ship's magnetization. A practical problem in minimizing the ship signature is separating permanent magnetization...
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Generation and Propagation of Nonlinear Waves in a Towing Tank
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the research focused on linear and nonlinear wave generation and propagation in a deepwater towing tank equipped with a single flap-type wavemaker of variable draft. The problem of wave generation and propagation has been theoretically formulated and solved by applying an analytical method; linear and nonlinear solutions were obtained. The linear solution has been verified experimentally. The...
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Tracking of the broadband source of the underwater noise in the very shallow water conditions
PublicationThe paper contains the result s, both theoretical and experimental , connected with the tracking of the underwater noise source as small ships, pontoon , diver and so on. The pro blem of security in the shallow water area is the challenge for underwater acousticians. In this paper there is take n into account the detection of the sources that move on the surface of the sea or underwater in shallow...
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Pre-swirl energy saving device in marine application
PublicationThis paper covers topics of energy saving device (ESD) with application to marine propulsors. The form of ESD, considered in this paper, consists of fixed lifting foils mounted in front of the screw propeller (the pre-swirl stator/guide vanes). An algorithm for designing propulsion systems, consisting of guide vanes and screw propeller, is presented. The proposed method relies on hybrid lifting line (guide vanes)-lifting surface...
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The effect of numerical 2D and 3D FEM element modelling on strain and stress distributions at laser weld notches in steel sandwich type panels
PublicationLike other means of transport, merchant ships face the problem of increasing requirements concerning the environment protection, which, among other issues, implies the reduction of fuel consumption by the ship. Here, the conventional approach which consists in making use of higher strength steels to decrease the mass of the ship hull can be complemented by the use of new steel structures of sandwich panel type. However, the lack...
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A Generative Approach to Hull Design for a Small Watercraft
PublicationIn the field of ocean engineering, the task of spatial hull modelling is one of the most complicated problems in ship design. This study presents a procedure applied as a generative approach to the design problems for the hull geometry of small vessels using elements of concurrent design with multi-criteria optimisation processes. Based upon widely available commercial software, an algorithm for the mathematical formulation of...
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Combined thrust radial bearing of a submarine main shaft – Design and analysis of failure
PublicationThis paper presents an analysis of the combined thrust radial bearing of a submarine propulsion shaft. The lubrication system of the bearing is based on a fixed ring. The efficiency of the lubrication system depends on the shaft speed and temperature, which affects oil viscosity. In turn, the thrust bearing load also depends on the rotational speed of the shaft, because as the speed increases, the drag of the ship increases simultaneously,...
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SAILING ROUTE PLANNING METHOD CONSIDERING VARIOUS USER CATEGORIES
PublicationThe article describes the methodology related to determining the multi-criteria routes for sailing ships. Details of sea area discretisation and discretisation of the description of the sailing vessel properties and manoeuvring principles are shown. User requirements were specified (for five different categories of users) and on this basis the criteria for selecting the most suitable shipping route were formulated. The presented...
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Marine traffic risk modelling – an innovative approach and a case study
PublicationThis paper presents a model to analyse the risk of two common marine accidents: collision and grounding. Attention is focused on oil tankers since they pose the highest environmental risks. A case study in selected areas of the Gulf of Finland in ice-free conditions is presented. The model utilizes a formula for risk calculation that considers both the probability of an unwanted event and its consequences. The model can be decomposed...
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Equivalent standard manoeuvres for pod-driven ships
PublicationProcedures for carrying out the manoeuvring tests presented in International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolution MSC.137(76) are based on the capabilities of ships with conventional steering-propulsion systems. Therefore they do not correspond to ships with other steering-propulsion devices, like pod drives. IMO is aware of this shortcoming and for ships with non-conventional steering and propulsion system may permit the use...
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Założenia modelu zarządzania kryzysowego bezpieczeństwem w portach morskich
PublicationZłożoność przestrzenna i gospodarcza oraz silne oddziaływanie działalności portowej na procesy społeczno-gospodarcze w regionie, wymaga opracowania specjalnego podejścia do zarządzania bezpieczeństwem na obszarach portowych. W pracy przedstawiono założenia modelu zarządzania kryzysowego bezpieczeństwem w portach morskich uwzględniające zasady międzynarodowego kodeksu ISPS (International Ship and Port Security Code) oraz wymagania...
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The Niching Mechanism in the Evolutionary Method of Path Planning
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of the niching mechanism in the evolutionary method of path planning. The problem is considered based on the example of a ship path planning. In this method the diversity of individuals is tested in respect to their physical distance, not the fitness function value. The researches show that such an approach increases effectiveness of solution space exploration, what results in a final solution with...
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Catamaran dynamics at irregular wave excitations
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy dynamiki jednostki wielokadłubowej typu katamaran poddanej wymuszeniom pochodzącym od falowania nieregularnego.Przeprowadzono analizę dynamiki jednostki wielokadłubowej przy założeniu, że jest on opisany jako model liniowy, na który działa fala nieregularna. Model matematyczny układu dynamicznego jest reprezentowany poprzez równania stanu. Zapisano równania uwzględniające napływ fali czołowej, która wywołuje ruchy...
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Impact of Initial Population on Evolutionary Path Planning Algorithm
PublicationIn this paper an impact of initial population on evolutionary path planning algorithm is presented. Tested algorithm is used to determine close to optimal ship paths in collision avoidance situation. For this purpose a path planning problem is defined. A specific structure of the individual path and fitness function is presented. For the simulation purposes a close to real tested environment is created. Four tests are performed....
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The study of acoustic climate of the Southern Baltic
PublicationThis paper presents the statistical characteristics of seawater properties, which are necessary for predicting the propagation of acoustic waves in selected areas of the Baltic Sea. The statistics were elaborated based on long-term measurements of vertical distributions of sound speed, temperature, and salinity, and the nonlinearity parameter B/A. Nonlinear properties of the environment are considered, in connection...
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Monitoring of underdeck corrosion by using acoustic emission method
PublicationThis paper presents first short characteristics of underdeck corrosion process as well as a problem of its monitoring. Next is described an acoustic emission (AE) method elaborated by Department of Ship Technology , Quality Systems and Material Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology in cooperation with partners of CORFAT project realized within 7th EU Frame Program . Further are presented short characteristics of the emission...
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Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Ships Using a Pareto Multi-Objective Optimization Approach
PublicationTo confront climate change, decarbonization strategies must change the global economy. According to statements made as part of the European Green Deal, maritime transport should also become drastically less polluting. As a result, the price of transport must reflect the impact it has on the environment and on health. In such a framework, the purpose of this paper is to suggest a novel method for minimizing emissions...
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METHOD FOR SHIP'S ROLLING PERIOD PREDICTION WITH REGARD TO NON-LINEARITY OF GZ CURVE
PublicationThe paper deals with the problem of prediction of the rolling period. A special emphasis is put on the practical application of the new method for rolling period prediction with regard to non-linearity of the GZ curve. The one degree-of-freedom rolling equation is applied with using the non-linear stiffness moment and linear damping moment formulas. A number of ships are considered to research the discrepancies between the pending...
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Impact of thermal loading into the structural performance of ships: A review
PublicationThe presented study reviews the recent advances done regarding the impact of thermal loading on the structural performance of ships. Firstly, the studies related to the mechanical and thermal properties of typical materials used in shipbuilding are outlined. Secondly, a brief introduction to the heat transfer analysis, Finite Element modelling and thermal stresses is provided. Finally, the review of papers dealing with the structural...
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Trim Optimisation - Theory and Practice
PublicationForce Technology has been working intensively with trim optimisation tests for almost last 10 years. Focus has primarily been put on the possible power savings and exhaust gases reduction. This paper describes the trim optimisation process for a large cargo vessel. The physics behind changed propulsive power is described and the analyses in order to elaborate the optimum trimmed conditions are presented. Different methods for prediction...
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Application of acoustic emission for detection of fatigue microdemage in main and crank bearings for diesel engines
PublicationThe article presents reasons for applying the acoustic emission (AE) to detect fatigue microdamage in main bearings and crank bearings of ship main engines. Problem of determination of the fatigue life for slide bearing bushes was characterized in general. There were demonstrated properties of the objects of research, which were bushings made of the MB58 alloy, as well as an overall description of the research. It was shown that...
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Modeling of event trees for the rapid scenario development
PublicationThe paper concerns the safety of ships in abnormal/damage conditions. Some conclusions following from the research associated with development of a method for safety assessment of ships in abnormal/damage conditions is presented in the paper. The method called SSAMADC (Ship Safety Assessment Method in Abnormal/Damage Conditions) is a risk-based method and is connected with application of the quantitative risk assessment QRA approach....
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Risk criteria for sea-going ships arising from the operation of the main engines' crankshaft - conecting rod - piston systems
PublicationIn the article the risk criterion for sea-going ships arising from the operation of the main engines' crankshaft - connecting rod - piston systems is proposed. These criterion is based on the procedures recommended in the Formal Safety Assessment method developed under the auspices of International Maritime Organization (IMO). First of all the collective risk criterion for ship has been proposed. In the next step, the share of...
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Modelling, Simulation and Optimization of the Wavemaker in a Towing Tank
PublicationThe paper analyses the problem of experimental identification (frequency response), modelling and optimization of the towing tank wavemaker in the Scilab/Xcos environment. The experimental identification of the objects (the towing tank wavemaker placed in the hydrodynamic laboratory of the CTO S.A. Ship Design and Research Centre (CTO)) and the implementation of the models in the simulation environment, enable to perform: 1. tuning...
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Multicriteria Evolutionary Weather Routing Algorithm in Practice
PublicationThe Multicriteria Evolutionary Weather Routing Algorithm (MEWRA) has already been introduced by the author on earlier TransNav 2009 and 2011 conferences with a focus on theoretical application to a hybrid-propulsion or motor-driven ship. This paper addresses the topic of possible practical weather routing applications of MEWRA. In the paper some practical advantages of utilizing Pareto front as a result of multicriteria optimization...
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Multi-objective Weather Routing with Customised Criteria and Constraints
PublicationThe paper presents a weather routing algorithm utilising a multi-objective optimisation with constraints, namely the Multi-objective Evolutionary Weather Routing Algorithm (MEWRA). In the proposed approach weather route recommendations can be made simultaneously e.g. for passage time, fuel consumption and safety of passage by means of Pareto optimisation. The sets of criteria and constraints in the optimisation process are fully...
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State equations in the mathematical model of dynamic behaviour of multihull floating unit
PublicationPrzedstawiony artykuł dotyczy dynamiki wielokadłubowej jednostki pływającej typu katamaran poddanej wymuszeniom pochodzącym od falowania nieregularnego. Analiza dynamiki jednostki wielokadłubowej została przeprowadzona przy założeniu, że model układu jest modelem liniowym na który działa fala nieregularna. Model matematyczny takiego układu dynamicznego jest reprezentowany poprzez równania stanu. Zapisane zostały równania uwzględniające...
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Inlet air fogging of marine gas turbine in power output loss compensation
PublicationThe use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in the literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application to gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the dynamic data is evaluated,...
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The concept of research on ecological, energy and reliability effects of modified marine fuel oils application to supply compression-ignition engines in real conditions
PublicationWithin the article, basic assumptions of the research project financed by Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Water in Gdansk were described. The project concerns the experimental investigations carried out on laboratory compression-ignition engine in conditions of its supply with a non-standard marine fuel oil. Configuration and measuring capability of laboratory test bed presently being constructed were introduced....
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Determination of the dynamic critical maneuvering area in an encounter between two vessels: Operation with negligible environmental disruption
PublicationThis paper introduces the concept of Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) for onboard Decision Support Systems (DSS). The indicator proposed is derived via identification of a minimum required maneuvering zone in an encounter between two vessels. The CADCA model accounts for ship maneuvering dynamics and associated hydrodynamic actions emerging from different rudder angles and forward speed effects. The method presented...