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Search results for: INERTIAL NAVIGATION, GNSS MEASUREMENT, GRAVITY MEASUREMENT, SHIPBORNE GRAVIMETRY
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INFLUENCE OF WRONGLY ASSUMED PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION ON THE UNCERTAINTY OF RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT BY TECHNICAL METHOD
PublicationThe paper presents studies on the influence of probability distributions on the expanded uncertainty of the resistance measurement. Choosing the correct probability distribution is very important to estimate of measurement uncertainty. The most commonly used distribution is the rectangular distribution. The paper presents the results of analysis of the resistance measurement uncertainty using the technical method of two resistances:...
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Nanocrystalline diamond sheets as protective coatings for fiber-optic measurement head
PublicationFiber-optic sensors find numerous applications in science and industry, but their full potential is limited because of the risk of damaging the measurement head, in particular, due to the vulnerability of unprotected tips of the fiber to mechanical damage and aggressive chemical agents. In this paper, we report the first use of a new nanocrystalline diamond structure in a fiber-optic measurement head as a protective coating of...
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Application of electrochemical sensors and sensor matrixes for measurement of odorous chemical compounds
PublicationIn this paper describes the principle of operation of the electrochemical sensors and the sensor matrixes comprised of electrochemical sensors intended for measurement of odorous compounds. Critical comparison of these sensors’ advantages and disadvantages has been made. The fields of economy contributing to release of odours and the potential sources of their emission have been identified. Commercially available electrochemical...
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A prototype of electrochemical sensor for measurement of carbonyl compounds in air
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde in air. Sensitivity, limit of quantification and coefficient of selectivity of the sensor have been determined as a function of membrane thickness and electrode type using square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum and gold. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium...
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Indirect Measurement of Motor Current Derivatives in PMSM Sensorless Drives
PublicationMotor current derivatives contain useful information for control algorithms, especially in sensorless electric drives. The measurement of motor current derivatives in electric motors supplied by voltage source inverter can be performed using di/dt transducers. However, in such a solution additional sensors have to be installed, e.g. Rogowski coils. Another approach is to measure current derivatives indirectly – by oversampling...
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Measurement techniques for assessing the olfactory impact of municipal sewage treatment plants
PublicationThe study presents information about the measurement techniques used for the assessment of air quality in terms of the olfactory intensity resulting from the operation of municipal sewage treatment plants. Advantages and disadvantages of the measurement techniques used are presented. Sources of malodourous substance emission from sewage treatment plants were described, and the malodourous substances emitted were characterised....
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Distributed measurement system with data transmission secured using XXTEA algorithm
PublicationThe paper deals with wireless data transmission security in the distributed measurement and control system. An overview of cryptographic algorithms was presented paying special attention to the algorithm dedicated to units with low processing power, which is important due to minimization of energy consumption. Measurement modules equipped with simple microcontrollers send data wirelessly to the central unit. The transmission was...
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Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques as Methodology for Surveying and Monitoring Stainless Steel Chimneys
PublicationThe measurement of a chimney axis is an engineering geodesy task. These measurements allow to assess the technical condition of chimneys and are usually carried out for reinforced concrete chimneys. When measuring high chimneys, the main problem may be the need to go a long distance to take a measurement. The surface of the chimney can also be problematic because it can absorb so much light from the range finder that total station...
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Visual measurement system for chosen parameters of current collectors
PublicationA current collector is an element in a traction vehicle, used for movable, contact con-nection between the main circuit of this vehicle and the contact line. Bad technical condi-tion of these important elements in the main circuit of the vehicle result in its incorrect cooperation with contact line. Periodic control of technical condition of current collectors ensures infallible current collection. The pantograph diagnostics consists...
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Measurement of complex refractive index of human blood by low-coherence interferometry
PublicationIn this article, the usefulness of the optical technique for measurements of blood complex refractive index has been examined. Measurement of optical properties of human blood is difficult to perform because of its nonuniform nature. However, results of my investigation have shown the usefulness of low-coherencei nterferometry for measurement complex refractive index of human blood. Furthermore, mathematical analysis of spectrum...
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The Double Cognitive Bias of Mistakes: A Measurement Method
PublicationThere is no learning without mistakes. However, making mistakes among knowledge workers is s�ll seeing shameful. There is a clash between posi�ve a�tudes and beliefs regarding the power of gaining new (tacit) knowledge by ac�ng in new contexts and nega�ve a�tudes and beliefs toward accompanying mistakes that are sources of learning. These contradictory a�tudes create a bias that is doubled by the other shared solid belief...
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Accounting for the distributions of input quantities in the procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation when calibrating the goniometer
PublicationThe discords concerning the measurement uncertainty evaluation in the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and its Supplement 1 are considered. To overcome these discords, the authors of the paper propose to use the kurtosis method and the law of the propagation of the expanded uncertainty. Using the example of the goniometer calibration, the features of accounting for the distribution laws of input quantities...
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Revisiting the Measurement of Anomie
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Peculiarities of measurement uncertainty evaluation at calibrating a ring gauge
PublicationExample S13 from EA-4/02 M:2013 “Calibration of a ring gauge with a nominal diameter of 90 mm” is analyzed. The report uses the kurtosis method and the law of propagation of expanded uncertainty developed by the authors to the expanded uncertainty evaluation. It is shown that the introduction of a coaxiality correction for the ring gauge and the measuring axis of the comparator leads to the need to estimate its standard measurement...
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Filtering of interference signals of grounding resistance measurement with subharmonic method
PublicationOmówiono metodę filtracji zakłóceń o częstotliwości sieciowej wraz z wyższymi harmonicznymi poprzez zastosowanie metody szczególnego próbkowania z podharmonicznym sygnałem pomiarowym.
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Measurement of temperature at sliding polymer surface by grindable thermocouples
PublicationThis paper is devoted to experimental study of capabilities and limitations of grindable thermocouples as applied to polymer materials sliding on metal. Chromel–alumel and chromel–copel grindable thermocouples have been developed and tested for wide ranges of contact pressure and sliding velocity. The background temperature of the sliding surface can be determined as the lower envelope of the signal from the grindable thermocouple....
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Measurement and visualization of sound intensity vector distribution in proximity of acoustic diffusers
PublicationIn this work, we would like to present analyses and visualizations of sound intensity distribution measured in proximity of an acoustic diffuser. Such distribution may be used for estimation of basic acoustic parameters of a diffuser. Measurement is performed with the use of a logarithmic sine sweep which allows for the analysis of waves scattered by the diffuser and rejecting the direct sound signal component. Pressure and sound...
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Experimental certification of an informationally complete quantum measurement in a device-independent protocol
PublicationMinimal informationally complete positive operator-valued measures (MIC-POVMs) are special kinds of measurement in quantum theory in which the statistics of their d2-outcomes are enough to reconstruct any d-dimensional quantum state. For this reason, MIC-POVMs are referred to as standard measurements for quantum information.Here, we report an experiment with entangled photon pairs that certifies, for what we believe is the first...
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Low cost electrochemical sensor module for measurement of gas concentration
PublicationThis paper describes a low cost electrochemical sensor module for gas concentration measurement. A module is universal and can be used for many types of electrochemical gas sensors. Device is based on AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. As signal processing circuit a specialized integrated circuit LMP9l000 is used. The proposed equipment will be used as a component of electronic nose system employed for classifying and distinguishing...
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A Measurement-Based Approach for Speed Control of Induction Machines
PublicationThis paper presents an approach to design a measurement-based controller for induction machines. The proposed control approach is motivated by the fact that developing an appropriate mechanical model of such induction machines is a challenging task. Since our proposed control methodology is only on the basis of measured data, the controller design does not require any information about the model of the mechanical part. The control...
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Analytical progress on symmetric geometric discord: Measurement-based upper bounds
PublicationQuantum correlations may be measured by means of the distance of the state to the subclass ofstates having well defined classical properties. In particular, a geometric measure of asymmetricdiscord [Daki´c et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 190502 (2010)] was recently defined as the Hilbert-Schmidt distance of a given two-qubit state to the closest classical-quantum (CQ) correlated state.We analyze a geometric measure of symmetric...
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Methodology of estimating temperature measurement uncertainty in a system for endurance tests.
PublicationThe team consisting of the article authors developed a non-invasive method and a system for measuring temperature during an endurance test. A thermocouple which provided the required accuracy of changes in temperature dynamics measurements was used for the purpose of the required research. The paper presents the methodology for estimating uncertainty of temperature measurement done with the presented system, using a method based...
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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION LOSSES IN THE SUPPLY SYSTEM OF ELECTRIFIED TRANSPORT
PublicationThe issue of electric energy saving in public transport is currently becoming a key area of interest, a fact connected with both an increase in society’s environmental awareness and a rise in the prices of fuel and electricity. Electricity can be saved by reducing transmission losses in the supply system. The article presents a method of measurement and analysis of transmission losses in the supply system of electrified public transport...
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Measurement of distance, velocity and angle of arrival using FMCW-CW combined waveform
PublicationA procedure of tacking small flying object based on a general principle of FMCW and Doppler radar is presented. In order to increase measurement range, this technique uses active signal source on the moving object. For simultaneous measurements of distance, radial velocity and direction (AoA) as well as simplified synchronization a combined FMCW-CW waveform is proposed. The presented measurement system was realized and verified...
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Measurement of relative tool displacement to the workpiece for the assesment of influences of machining errors on surface profiles
PublicationZaprezentowano układ pomiarowy promieniowego i osiowego przemieszczenia narzędzia względem przedmiotu dla identyfikacji oddziaływań układu obróbkowego na formowanie struktury geometrycznej powierzchni toczonej. Zawiera on dwa analogowe tory pomiarowe przemieszczeń względnych z bezstykowymi przetwornikami i przetwarzaniem a/c oraz cyfrowy tor pomiaru obrotu przedmiotu, jego znacznik i interfejs z komputerem. Pomierzono sygnały przemieszczeń...
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Frequency measurement research with weight averaging of pulse output signal of voltage-to-frequency converter
PublicationThe paper presents the essence and investigation of the efficiency of weight averaging of a pulse output signal of voltage-to-frequency converter. The effect of counting and the influence of interference on the result of weight averaging of frequency modulated pulses are analyzed. It is shown that from the point of view of counting error reduction, the best are polynomial weight functions. In the case of high interferences whose...
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Measurement of sub-nanometer molecular layers with ISFET without a reference electrode dependency
PublicationA new method of detection and measurement with sub-nanometer resolution of layers adsorbed or bonded to the ISFET's gate dielectric was presented. The sensitivity of this method is high enough to detect even partial mono-layer covering. The transconductance measurement of the ISFET provides independence of the output signal from pH changes and the driving electrode electrochemical potential instabilities. The stable reference electrode...
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Double Bias of Mistakes: Essence, Consequences, and Measurement Method
PublicationThere is no learning without mistakes. However, there is a clash between‘positive attitudes and beliefs’regarding learning processes and the ‘negative attitudes and beliefs’towardthese being accompanied bymistakes. Thisclash exposesa cognitive bias towardmistakesthat might block personal and organizational learning. This study presents an advanced measurement method to assess thebias of mistakes. The essence of it is the...
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Evaluation of the fast impedance spectroscopy method in the laboratory measurement system
PublicationIn this paper the method for fast impedancespectroscopy of technical objects with very high impedance(|Zx| ≥ 1 GΩ) is evaluated by means of simulation and practicalexperiment. The method is based on excitation of an object, witha square pulse and measurements of voltage and currentresponses with DAQ card. The object impedance spectrum isobtained with use of continuous Fourier transform. Someimprovements of the method concerned...
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The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling
PublicationThe article discusses the issue of hydrostatic leveling. Its application is presented in structural health monitoring systems in order to determine vertical displacements of controlled points. Moreover, the article includes a complete computation scheme that utilizes the estimation from observation differences, allowing the elimination of the influence of individual sensors’ systematic errors. The authors suggest two concepts of...
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Measurement of Impulse Response of Shallow Water Communication Channel by Correlation Method
PublicationPerformances of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems are strongly related to specific propagation conditions of the underwater channel; conditions that can additionally change in time due to the movement of the acoustic system transmitter and receiver or to reflection by underwater objects of the transmitted signal. The time-varying impulse response is a comprehensive description of dynamically changing transmission...
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Fault Loop Impedance Measurement in Circuits Fed by UPS and Principle of Safety Protection
PublicationThis paper indicates a significant problem of uncertainty of fault loop impedance (FLI) measurement in circuits powered from uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (double-conversion AC-DC-AC). The correctly determined value of this impedance, related to the short-circuit current disconnection time and to the reference value, is one of the most important elements that determines the approval of an electrical installation and its receivers...
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The Influence of Camera and Optical System Parameters on the Uncertainty of Object Location Measurement in Vision Systems
PublicationThe article presents the influence of the camera and its optical system on the uncertainty of object position measurement in vision systems. The aim of the article is to present the methodology for estimating the combined standard uncertainty of measuring the object position with a vision camera treated as a measuring device. The identification of factors affecting the location measurement uncertainty and the determination of their...
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Ellipse-fitting algorithm implementation in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card with FPGA
PublicationThe paper presents an implementation of the ellipse-fitting algorithm in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card equipped with FPGA chip. The method implementation was tested by simulation means as well as experimentally in the designed and presented measurement system. Finally, the limit values of sampling parameters which assures satisfying accuracy were given.
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Determination of the uncertainty of mass flow measurement using the orifice for different values of the Reynolds number
PublicationStandard orifice flowmeters are widely used in the chemical and energy industry. Therefore, it is essential to know how accurate the measurements made with these instruments are. The paper presents an estimation of measurement uncertainty of a liquid mass flow using the orifice plate. The authors will present the influence of ranges of the Reynolds number on the estimated uncertainty, obtained on the basis of simulation and laboratory...
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Performance of DS-CDMA Radionavigation Receiver with Subsample Time Measurement Resolution in Various Environments
PublicationThis paper presents results of investigation of position estimation performance in TDOA radionavigation system with receiver containing code tracking loop with subsample time measurement resolution. Position estimation accuracy was evaluated using real signals from CDMA base stations, recorded during measurement campaigns in various environments: on sea, flat terrain and hilly terrain.
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A Thermographic Measurement Approach to Assess Supercapacitor Electrical Performances
PublicationThis paper describes a proposal for the qualitative assessment of condition of supercapacitors based on the conducted thermographic measurements. The presented measurement stand was accompanied by the concept of methodology of performing tests. Necessary conditions, which were needed to minimize the influence of disturbing factors on the performance of thermal imaging measurements, were also indicated. Mentioned factors resulted...
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LOW COST MEASUREMENT MODULE FOR MATRIX OF AMPEROMETRIC GAS SENSOR
PublicationThis paper describes an amperometric sensor module for gas concentration measurement. A module can be used for many types of electrochemical gas sensors without major hardware changes. Device is based on AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. As signal processing circuit a specialized integrated circuit LMP9l000 configurable via I2C interface is used. The concept of a measuring system composed of several modules dedicated for a gas sensors...
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Low-power device simulator for micro-energy measurement methods testing
PublicationThe paper presents low-power device simulator designed for testing of micro-energy measurement methods. Such kind methods can be used for evaluation of power systems based on Energy Harvesting. The device allows to set the current consumption characteristic over the time, thus making possible playing the role of different types of low-power devices e.g. simulating sensor network node.
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Measurement of idlers rotation speed in belt conveyors based on image data analysis for diagnostic purposes
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A method of two-terminal excess noise measurement with a reduction of measurement system and contact noise
PublicationPrzedstawiono metodę i system do pomiaru szumów nadmiarowych dwójników elektrycznych ze znaczną redukcją wpływu szumów własnych systemu pomiarowego i szumów kontaków. Proponowana metoda może byc zastosowana do pomiaru szumów elementów z wyprowadzonymi końcówkami, bądź też struktur, gdy jako wzorcowy szum odniesienia może zostać zastosowany szum struktury rezystywnej wytworzonej bezpośrednio na strukturze w otoczeniu elementu testowanego.
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Instrumental measurement of odour nuisance in city agglomeration using electronic nose
PublicationThe paper describes an operation principle of odour nuisance monitoring network in a city agglomeration. Moreover, it presents the results of investigation on ambient air quality with respect to odour obtained during six-month period. The investigation was carried out using a network comprised of six prototypes of electronic nose and Nasal Ranger field olfactometers employed as a reference method. The monitoring network consisted...
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Wood Moisture-Content Measurement Accuracy of Impregnated and Nonimpregnated Wood
PublicationThe influence of the impregnation process of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples on the electrical resistance changes and the moisture-content measurement accuracy is presented in this paper. In this study, the resistances of impregnated and nonimpregnated green pine timber harvested from northern Poland were compared. An impregnation method based on a vacuum-pressure chamber was used. Copper salts were applied as the impregnated...
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Using UAV Photogrammetry to Analyse Changes in the Coastal Zone Based on the Sopot Tombolo (Salient) Measurement Project
PublicationThe main factors influencing the shape of the beach, shoreline and seabed include undulation, wind and coastal currents. These phenomena cause continuous and multidimensional changes in the shape of the seabed and the Earth’s surface, and when they occur in an area of intense human activity, they should be constantly monitored. In 2018 and 2019, several measurement campaigns took place in the littoral zone in Sopot, related to...
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Evaluation of high-frequency roughness measurement errors for composite and ceramic surfaces after machining
PublicationPrecise characterisation of surface topography is of the greatest importance since many factors directly affect the accuracy of the whole measurement process. In this paper, the variety of surface topographies from machined composite and ceramic workpieces was studied with a special emphasis on the measurement results. Surfaces were subjected to the ground diamond, honing and milling processes. Measurement results were analysed...
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Spikes removal in surface measurement
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The prototype of a wireless measurement card
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Air Pollutant Emission Measurement
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Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublicationMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
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Dynamic unattended measurement based routing algorithm for diffServ architecture
PublicationDynamic routing is very important in terms of assuring QoS in today's packet networks especially for streaming and elastic services. Existing solutions dedicated to dynamic routing are often too complicated and seem to be not usable in real time traffic scenarios where transferred traffic may vary significantly. This was the main reason for research and new routing mechanism proposal which should apply to today's packet networks....