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Search results for: sol-gel method
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A random signal generation method for microcontrollers with DACs
PublicationA new method of noise generation based on software implementation of a 7-bit LFSR based on a common polynomial PRBS7 using microcontrollers equipped with internal ADCs and DACs and a microcontroller noise generator structure are proposed in the paper. Two software applications implementing the method: written in ANSI C and based on the LUT technique and written in AVR Assembler are also proposed. In the method the ADC results are...
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Preparation and evaluation of 1,3-alternate 25,27-bis-(pentafluorobenzyloxy)-26,28-bis-(3-propyloxy)-calix[4]arene-bonded silics gel high performance liquid chromatography stationary phase
PublicationA 1,3-alternate 25,27-bis-(pentafluorobenzyloxy)-26,28-bis-(3-propyloxy)-calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel stationary phase (CalixBzF10) was synthesized, structurally characterized, and used as a selector in liquid chromatography. The selectivity study of this phase was done by using fluorine-containing compounds (fluorobenzenes, fluoro-pyrimidine bases), as well as non-fluorinated analytes (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,...
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A method of measuring RLC components for microcontroller systems
PublicationA new method of measuring RLC components for microcontroller systems dedicated to compact smart impedance sensors based on a direct sensor-microcontroller interface is presented. In the method this direct interface composed of a reference resistor connected in series with the tested sensor impedance is stimulated by a square wave generated by the microcontroller, and then its voltage response is sampled by an internal ADC of the...
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A METHOD OF TRUST MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
PublicationThe research problem considered in this paper is how to protect wireless sensor networks (WSN) against cyber-threats by applying trust management and how to strengthen network resilience to attacks targeting the trust management mechanism itself. A new method, called WSN Cooperative Trust Management Method (WCT2M), of distributed trust management in multi-layer wireless sensor networks is proposed and its performance is evaluated....
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Local basis function method for identification of nonstationary systems
PublicationThis thesis is focused on the basis function method for the identification of nonstationary processes. The first chapter describes a group of models that can be identified using the basis function method. The next chapter describes the basic version of the basis function method, including its algebraic and statistical properties. The following section introduces the local basis function (LBF) method: its properties are described...
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The Dynamical Projectors Method Hydro and Electrodynamics
PublicationThe dynamical projectors method proves to reduce a multicomponent problem to the simplest one-component problem with its solution determined by specific initial or boundary conditions. Its universality and application in many different physical problems make it particularly useful in hydrodynamics, electrodynamics, plasma physics, and boundary layer problems. A great variety of underlying mechanisms are included making this book...
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METHOD OF ROUTING SHIPS SAILING IN DEDICATED ENVIRONMENT
PublicationThe method for determining the suboptimal route of sailing vessels operating in a restricted area of the sea are proposed in the paper. The dynamics of the environment including weather conditions and speed characteristics of ships sailing are considered. As optimiza-tion criterion, measure sailing time T, and the number of maneuvers performed ω, are taken into account. An heuristic algorithm, and the appropriate application routing...
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Analysis of measurement uncertainty for contact-less method used to measure the position of catenary contact wire, performed with the use of Monte Carlo method
PublicationCurrently the majority of main railway lines in Europe are electrified, and electric trains have the biggest share in the entire amount of rail transport. Reliability of electrified railways is closely related to the issue of supplying traction vehicles with energy. The problems connected with diagnostics of energy consumption node, namely the contact line and the current collector, are therefore of fundamental importance for maintaining...
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A method to determine the tightening sequence for standing rigging of a mast
PublicationThe article proposes an alternative method to determine the sequence of generation of pre-tension forces in standing rigging of a mast. The proposed approach has been verified on both a virtual simulation experiment and laboratory tests. In this method, the desired tension values are obtained using the influence matrix which allows to calculate the effect of tension change in an individual rope on the tension distribution in the...
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Hybridization of the FDTD method with use of the discrete Green's function
PublicationIn this contribution, a hybrid technique is presented which combines the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the discrete Green's function (DGF) formulation of this method. FDTD is a powerful technique for the analysis of complex penetrable objects but its application is not efficient when the computational domain includes many free-space cells. Therefore, the hybrid method was developed which is applicable to complex...
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A Simplistic Downlink Channel Estimation Method for NB-IoT
PublicationThis paper presents a downlink channel estimation method intended for a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) access link. Due to its low computational complexity, this method is well suited for energy-efficient IoT devices, still providing acceptable reception quality in terms of signal-to-noise (SNR) performance. This paper describes the physical layer of NB-IoT within the scope of channel estimation, and also reviews existing...
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Bearing capacity of the working platform with kinematic method
PublicationBearing capacity of the working platform for heavy tracks was analysed using Distinct Layout Optimization (DLO) method. The platform layer constructed from cohesionless soils is resting on weak cohesive subgrade. Different thickness of the platform, its effective angle of internal friction and undrained shear strength of the soft soil were taken into consideration. Kinematic method permits different failure mechanisms to be analyzed....
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The Point Estimate Method in a Reticulated Shell Reliability Analysis
PublicationThe objective of this paper is to present an application of the point estimate method (PEM) to determine the probabilistic moments for engineering structures. Reliability analysis is illustrated by two examples: an estimation of the critical force in linear elastic buckling analysis and a reticulated shell limit load determinations. Calculations were also made using Monte Carlo method. It has been shown the practical usefulness...
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A new and convenient method for the preparation of functionalized phosphorothioates
PublicationA new and efficient method for the synthesis of alkyl and aryl phosphorothioates in high yields via the reaction of (5,5-dimethyl-2-thioxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-2-yl)disulfanyl derivatives with trimethyl phosphite was developed.
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The contribution of Hans von Wartenberg to the development of the Czochralski method
PublicationThe contribution of Hans von Wartenberg to the development of the Czochralski Method for pulling single crystals is often overlooked. He was its earliest adopter, having introduced the use of seed crystals, and his detailed description of the method was the basis for its subsequent dissemination.
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Rothe’s method for physiologically structured models with diffusion
PublicationWe consider structured population models with diffusion and dynamic boundary conditions. The respective approximation, called Rothe’s method, produces positive and exponentially bounded solutions. Its solutions converge to the exact solution of the original PDE.
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Modelling method for a class of distributed-lumped parameter systems
PublicationThe paper presents an alternative approach for modelling and order reduction of continuous system. The proposed methodology combines application of two methods: the modal decomposition method and the rigid finite element method. The given continuous structure is divided into 1D continuous substructures. For each 1D substructure modal decomposition and reduction procedure is applied. Interactions between substructures are described...
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The point estimate method in a reticulated shell reliability analysis
PublicationThe objective of this paper is to present an application of the point estimate method (PEM) that can determine the probabilistic moments for engineering structures. The method is reasonably robust and adequately accurate for a wide range of practical problems. It is a special case of numerical quadrature based on orthogonal polynomials. The main advantage of this method is that, unlike FORM or SORM, it is not necessary to carry...
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Accuracy of the Discrete Green's Function Formulation of the FDTD Method
PublicationThis paper reports an evaluation of the accuracy of the discrete Greens function (DGF) formulation of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Recently, the closed-form expression for the DGF and its efficient numerical implementation were presented, which facilitates applications of the DGF in FDTD simulations of radiation and scattering problems. So far, the accuracy of the DGF formulation of the FDTD method has been...
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Fabrication of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 Ceramics by Mixed Oxide Method
PublicationIn the present study Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) ceramics has been fabricated by solid state reaction from the mixture of simple oxides viz. Bi2O3, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Stoichiometric mixture of the powders was thermally analyzed so parameters of the thermal treatment were determined. The EDS measurements have shown conservation of the chemical composition of the ceramic powder after calcination. Hot-pressing method was used for final densification...
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Surfactant free fractions of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes via optimised gel chromatography
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Characteristics of a new polymer gel for high-dose gradient dosimetry using a micro optical CT scanner
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Direct Response to Proton Beam Linear Energy Transfer (LET) in a Novel Polymer Gel Dosimeter Formulation
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Microbeam radiation therapy: Tissue dose penetration and BANG-gel dosimetry of thick-beams’ array interlacing
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3D Dosimetry Study of 188Re Liquid Balloon for Intravascular Brachytherapy Using BANG Polymer Gel Dosemeters
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EFFICIENT LINE DETECTION METHOD BASED ON 2D CONVOLUTION FILTER
PublicationThe article proposes an efficient line detection method using a 2D convolution filter. The proposed method was compared with the Hough transform, the most popular method of straight lines detection. The developed method is suitable for local detection of straight lines with a slope from -45˚ to 45˚. Also, it can be used for curve detection which shape is approximated with the short straight sections. The new method is characterized...
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ALIS-FLP: amplified ligation selected fragment-length polymorphism method for microbial genotyping
PublicationA DNA fingerprinting method known as ALIS-FLP (amplified ligation selected fragment-length polymorphism) has been developed for selective and specific amplification of restriction fragments from TspRI restriction endonuclease digested genomic DNA. The method is similar to AFLP, but differs in that only one specific restriction enzyme (TspRI) is used. The cohesive ends of the DNA fragments are ligated with two types of oligonucleotide....
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On the use of a charge balancing method for low energy measurements
PublicationThe paper presents the method for the estimation of the energy consumption of the low-power microcontroller-based devices. Due to high dynamics of the changes of the supply current of the tested devices during the operational cycle, the consumed energy estimation is not easy. In order to avoid disadvantages of known methods, the charge balancing method was employed similarly like in some types of A/D converters.
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Engineering method of tire rolling resistance evaluation
PublicationTire rolling resistance is one of the most difficult tire parameters to measure. The reason is that for modern tires the force of rolling resistance corresponds to 0.5–1% of tire load, thus measurements of very small forces must be performed in a heavily loaded system. This constitutes great problems, especially in road conditions. Laboratory measurements are easier to perform, as the environment may be better controlled, but roadwheel...
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A VISION-BASED UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE NAVIGATION METHOD
PublicationThe satellite navigation systems are the main position sources for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This fact limits the area of UAVs operation to the places where radio signals is visible for a satellite navigation system receiver, mounted on the vehicle-outdoor navigation. Closed spaced are unavailable for vehicles which navigation is based on global satellite navigation systems (GNSS). Miniature UAV (MiniUAV) is able to operate...
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MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM IN THE OptD-MULTI METHOD
PublicationNew measurement technologies, e.g. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), generate very large datasets. In many cases, it is reasonable to reduce the number of measuring points, but in such a way that the datasets after reduction satisfy specific optimization criteria. For this purpose the Optimum Dataset (OptD) method proposed in [1] and [2] can be applied. The OptD method with the use of several optimization criteria is called...
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Expert assessment of arguments: a method and its experimental evaluation
PublicationArgument structures are commonly used to develop and present cases for safety, security and other properties. Such argument structures tend to grow excessively. To deal with this problem, appropriate methods of their assessment are required. Two objectives are of particular interest: (1) systematic and explicit assessment of the compelling power of an argument, and (2) communication of the result of such an assessment to relevant...
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Low Cost Method for Location Service in the WCDMA System
PublicationA new and low cost method for a location service (LCS) in the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system is outlined. This method, which is called TDOA + RTT, enables calculation of the geographical position of a mobile station (MS) without knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between base stations (BSs). The TDOA+RTT method is based on the measurement of round trip times (RTTs) between the MS and the serving...
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Analysis of Accuracy of Modified Gradient Method in Indoor Radiolocalisation System
PublicationIn this paper a new method, called modified gradient method, has been proposed for position calculation on the basis of distance measurement in indoor environment. It is shown that well known method of position calculation such as Foy is inefficient in indoor environment. In this article is also described the indoor radiolocalisation system which was used for collecting distance measurements which were employed for further comparative...
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Verification of punching shear outside the shear cap by the direct method
PublicationThe proposition of a method to verify the punching resistance for very large supports based on the EN 1992-1-1 standard is described in this paper. The present standard guidelines for the calculation of the punching resistance for large supports are also summarised. The proposed direct method is compared with other standard methods using an example taken from design practice. This method consists of a direct check of the shear...
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A Method of MOS Evaluation for Video Based Services
PublicationThis paper deals with a method for QoE evaluation for the services transmitting large amount of data perceived by the end user in relatively short time periods, e.g. streaming video in mobile operator...
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A Review: Applications of the Spectral Finite Element Method
PublicationThe Spectral Finite Element Technique (SFEM) has Several Applications in the Sciences, Engineering, and Mathematics, which will be Covered in this Review Article. The Spectral Finite Element Method (SFEM) is a Variant of the Traditional Finite Element Method FEM that Makes use of Higher Order Basis Functions (FEM). One of the most Fundamental Numerical Techniques Employed in the Numerical Simulation is the SFEM, which Outperforms...
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Evaluation of the fast impedance spectroscopy method in the laboratory measurement system
PublicationIn this paper the method for fast impedancespectroscopy of technical objects with very high impedance(|Zx| ≥ 1 GΩ) is evaluated by means of simulation and practicalexperiment. The method is based on excitation of an object, witha square pulse and measurements of voltage and currentresponses with DAQ card. The object impedance spectrum isobtained with use of continuous Fourier transform. Someimprovements of the method concerned...
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Port-based approach to distributed transfer function method
PublicationIn the paper there is presented an uniform, port-based approach to modeling of both lumped and distributed parameter systems. Port-based model of distributed system has been defined by application of distributed transfer function method (DTFM). The approach proposed combines versatility of port - based modeling and accuracy of distributed transfer function method. It enables to formulate appropriate input data for computer analysis...
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Usefulness of the voltamperometric method for assessment of the purity of soil
PublicationThis paper presents a voltammetric analysis of soil. It shows that the voltammetry is a useful method for the assessment of soil contaminated with heavy metal ions. There are two major problems with voltammetry analysis: the diffusion coefficient and the measurement system. The paper contains a short literature study of mathematical equations and a study of differences between soil and water measurements. Suggestions of the solution...
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A Method and Device for 3D Recognition of Cutting Edge Micro Geometry
PublicationA very useful method was successfully applied in the investigation of tools for machining wood and wood based composites. It allows scanning of the cutting edge micro geometry in three dimensions and reproducing it in a virtual space as a 3D surface. The application of the method opens new possibilities of studying tool wear by scanning, including the calculation of volume loss and other analysis of tool wedge geometry along and...
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Ranking of Generation Source Locations by a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Method
PublicationThe paper presents a ranking of the locations of eight renewable energy sources (RES) made using a hybrid multi-criteria analysis method. The method is a combination of the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method and numerical taxonomy. The considered generating sources, i.e. solar plants, biogas plants, and wind farms are sources that will significantly contribute to implementing the provisions of the energy and climate package...
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Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Functionalized Basic Maleimides
PublicationA three-step procedure involving Diels-Alder condensation of maleic anhydride with furane, formation of N-substituted imide upon reaction with appropriate diamine and a final retro Diels-Alder regeneration of the maleic carbon-carbon double bond is proposed for an unequivocal synthesis of N-substituted basic maleimides. The novel method is characterized by mild reaction conditions, easy work-up, high yields and no need for additional...
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Application of the J-matrix method to multichannel scattering
PublicationIn this contribution we describe the multichannel extension to the nonrelativistic J-matrix method, and present differential cross sections for scattering of slow electrons from Argon atoms. Nonrelativistic phase shifts, then the S-matrix and the cross sections have been calculated using newly developed Fortran code, JMATRIX-MULTI.We applied the model Hartree-Fock potential as the scattering potential, which was truncated in the...
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Rational method of grit chamber efficiency determination
PublicationAlthough grot chambers are designed with utmost care, they still remain difficuly to control. As concentration of grit is non-uniform, representative measurements of the sand concentration is a very complex issue. In the paper the results of measure,ents performed at WTP in Gdańsk and Gdynia were analyzed. The proposed method to determine grit chambers efficiency is based on comparison of suspension flow in the inlet and flux of...
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Method of lines for Hamilton-Jacobi functional differential equations.
PublicationInitial boundary value problems for nonlinear first order partial functional differential equations are transformed by discretization in space variables into systems of ordinary functional differential equations. A method of quasi linearization is adopted. Suffcient conditions for the convergence of the method of lines and error estimates for approximate solutions are presented. The proof of the stability of the diffrential difference...
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Uncertainty estimation of loop impedance measurement determined by the vector method
PublicationThis article presents a detailed analysis of uncertainty estimation of loop impedance measurement determined by the vector method. The analysis includes the following estimates: resistance variance, voltage variance and time measurement variance. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the combined standard uncertainty of loop impedance by the vector method. The vector method allows to determine loop impedance based on...
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Quaternion Encryption Method for Image and Video Transmission
PublicationQuaternions are hyper-complex numbers of rank 4. They are often applied to mechanics in 3D space and are considered to be one of the best ways of representing rotations. In this paper a quaternion encryption method, based on algorithm by Nagase et al. (2004) has been proposed. According to a computer-based simulation the results of the performed research yield a high level of security, which is additionally strengthened by the...
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An improved scalable method of isolating asphaltenes
PublicationA new, improved and scalable procedure of asphaltene fraction isolation is presented and compared to standard test methods. The new procedure uses 1:40 feedstock to solvent (n-heptane) ratio (g/mL), filtration through a cellulosic thimble and extensive washing in a Soxhlet type extractor. The group type composition and purity of the asphaltene fractions have been examined using thin-layer chromatography with flame-ionization detection....
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Forty-five years of the Rigid Finite Element Method
PublicationIn the paper there are described developments of the method in the past 45 year years in dynamical analysis of system with constant and changing in time configuration, including also control of the systems.