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Effect of electrode waterproof coating on quality of underwater wet welded joints
PublicationIn this paper, the effects of different hydrophobic coatings on the surface of covered electrodes on the quality of wet welded carbon steel joints were discussed. Commonly available hydrophobic substances used in industrial applications were selected for the research. The aim of using waterproof coatings was to check the possibility to decreasing the susceptibility of highstrength low-alloy S460N steel to cold cracking. During...
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ASSESSMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EMISSIONS FROM RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublicationThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, it should not be forgotten that recycled plastics are not pure materials, and they still may show an unfavorable environmental impact. They may contain different contaminants...
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Cognitive Systems, Concepts, Processes, and Techniques for the Age of Industry 4.0
PublicationThe aim of this Guest Edition of Cybernetics and Systems is to present a wide-ranging scale of concepts and processes being currently researched, developed, and evaluated in real life settings in anticipation of incoming Industry 4.0 era. With the fourth industrial revolution expectation, the broad spectrum of cognitive approaches have emerged as an attempt to mimic and augment, in some way, human intelligence. Intelligence, in...
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Analysis of luminance distribution uniformity in CAVE-type virtual reality systems
PublicationIn recent years, many scientific and industrial centers in the world developed a virtual reality systems or laboratories. The effect of user “immersion” into virtual reality in such systems is largely dependent of optical properties of the system. In this paper, problems of luminance distribution uniformity in CAVE-type virtual reality systems are analyzed. For better characterization of CAVE luminance nonuniformity corner and...
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An Industrial Survey on Business Analysis Problems and Solutions
PublicationThe paper focuses on the problems reported by business analysts which have a negative impact on their work and on the applicability of available business analysis (BA) techniques as solutions to such problems. A unified set of BA techniques was developed on the basis of 3 industrial standards associated with IIBA, REQB and IREB certification schemes. A group of 8 business analysts was surveyed to list problems they encounter in...
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Towards Knowledge Formalization and Sharing in a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC)
PublicationHazards are present in all workplaces and can result in serious injuries, short and long-term illnesses, or death. In this context, management of safety is essential to ensure the occupational health of workers. Aiming to assist the safety manage-ment process, especially in industrial environments, a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC) has been proposed. The CVP-HC is a scalable yet adaptable system capable of...
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Design of control algorithms for mobile robots in an environment with static and dynamic obstacles
PublicationThis article proposes the construction of autonomous mobile robots and designing of obstacle avoidance algorithms for them. Nowadays, mobile robots are gaining more and more popularity on the customer as well as industrial market, for example as automatic vacuum cleaners or lawnmowers. Obstacle avoidance algorithms play an important role in performance of this types of robots. The proposed algorithms were designed for builds with...
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Towards Experience-Based Smart Product Design for Industry 4.0
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of smart virtual product development (SVPD) system capable of supporting industrial product development process. It enhances the decision making process during different stages and activities involved in product development i.e. product design, manufacturing, and its inspection planning. The enhancement is achieved by using the explicit knowledge of formal past decision events, which are captured,...
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Performance of the very high-temperature heat pump with low GWP working fluids
PublicationTraditional heat pumps are a very attractive pro-ecological solutions for a number of applications, including providing of heating or heat recovery from industrial processes. The application range of heat pumps could be greatly enlarged when the operating temperature would be increased to 130-150°C and/or the temperature lift can be increased to 50-100 K. In the paper, the very high temperature vapour-compressor based single stage...
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Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD): Experience Based Product Development System for Industry 4.0
PublicationThis chapter presents the concept of smart virtual product development (SVPD) system capable of supporting industrial product development. It enhances the decision making process during various activities involved in product development i.e. product design, manufacturing, and inspection planning. This is achieved by using the explicit knowledge of past formal decision events, which are captured, stored, and recalled in the form...
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HYDRODYNAMIC THRUST BEARINGS WITH POLYMER LINING
PublicationPolymeric linings of sliding surfaces of the hydrodynamic bearings have been used successfully for over 50 years. Despite of their long history of operation and research, they have not become wide spread in industrial applications. This fact may be surprising, considering th e conclusions that have been published concerning bearing operation and design. This paper summarizes the current...
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A Survey on Identifying and Addressing Business Analysis Problems
PublicationDespite the growing body of knowledge on requirements engineering and business analysis, these areas of software project are still considered problematic. The paper focuses on problems reported by business analysts and on applicability of available business analysis techniques as solutions to such problems. A unified set of techniques was developed on the basis of 3 industrial standards associated with IIBA, REQB and IREB certification...
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Identification of continuous systems - Practical issues of insensitivity to perturbations
PublicationIn this paper the issue of continuous systems estimation, insensitive to certain perturbations, is discussed. Such an approach has rational advantages, especially when robust schemes are used to assist a target system responsible for industrial diagnostics. This requires that estimated model parameters are generated on-line, and their values are reliable and to a great extent accurate. Practical hints are suggested to challenge...
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Identification of Continuous Systems - Practical Issues of Insensitivity to Perturbations
PublicationIn this paper the issue of continuous systems estimation, insensitive to certain perturbations, is discussed. Such an approach has rational advantages, especially when robust schemes are used to assist a target system responsible for industrial diagnostics. This requires that estimated model parameters are generated on-line, and their values are reliable and to a great extent accurate. Practical hints are suggested to challenge...
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Procedure based functional safety and information security management of industrial automation and control systems on example of the oil port installations
PublicationThe approach addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety and security requirements specified in standards IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and IEC 62443. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of...
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Functional safety and managing competence
PublicationSą nowe wyzwania związane z badaniami, edukacją i szkoleniem w obszarach bezpieczeństwa i ochrony systemów i sieci krytycznych. W rozdziale podkreśla się, że kompetencje specjalistów powinny być kształtowane w zintegrowanych procesach edukacji i szkolenia. Dlatego uzasadnione jest, aby opracować w Europie standardy i programy kształcenia na bazie odpowiednich prac badawczych i najlepszych doświadczeń z praktyki przemysłowej w celu...
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Advanced ultra super critical power plants: role of buttering layer
PublicationDissimilar metal welded (DMW) joint plays a crucial role in constructing and maintaining ultra-supercritical (USC) nuclear power plants while presenting noteworthy environmental implications. This research examines different welding techniques utilized in DMWJ, specifically emphasizing materials such as P91. The study investigates the mechanical properties of these materials, the impact of alloying elements, the notable difficulties...
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Theory and application of Near-infrared spectroscopy
PublicationIn recent years one can observe a significant increase in the requirements on quality control in all industrial sectors. The growing number of involved analyses makes the traditional, time consuming, requiring use of large quantities of reagents, thus expansive methods inconvenient especially for industrial applications. Fortunately, there is a very fast, cheap and not invasive analytical method that is increasingly used in qualitative...
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High Performance Control of AC Drives with Matlab/ Simulink
PublicationExplore this indispensable update to a popular graduate text on electric drive techniques and the latest converters used in industry. The Second Edition of High Performance Control of AC Drives with Matlab®/Simulink delivers an updated and thorough overview of topics central to the understanding of AC motor drive systems. The book includes new material on medium voltage drives, covering state-of-the-art technologies and challenges...
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New patterns in the position of CEE countries in global value chains: functional specialisation approach
PublicationResearch background: High servitisation of manufacturing makes it impossible to separate services from manufactured goods properly, which implies difficulties in the assessment of the position of the country on the smile curve, i.e. in the proper assignment of products or services to one of the industrial process steps: pre-production, pure fabrication or post-production services. Therefore, we propose to use the business functions...
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The potential of raw sewage sludge in construction industry – A review
PublicationExcess sewage sludge produced in any municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plant becomes a serious problem due to its increasing amount. This increase is related to the improvement of treatment technologies, expansion of sewage systems and the development of new industrial plants. The implementation and development of new technologies related to the utilization of sewage sludge is currently based on treating it as a substrate....
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Green chemical and hybrid enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biorefineries: Mechanism and challenges
PublicationThe greener chemical and enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomasses are portraying a crucial role owing to their recalcitrant nature. Traditional pretreatments lead to partial degradation of lignin and hemicellulose moieties from the pretreated biomass. But it still restricts the enzyme accessibility for the digestibility towards the celluloses and the interaction of lignin-enzymes, nonproductively. Moreover, incursion...
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Technique for reducing erosion in large-scale circulating fluidized bed units
PublicationThis paper presents a methodology, implemented for a real industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler, to mitigate the risk of heating surfaces exposed to an intensive particle erosion process. For this purpose, a machine learning algorithm was developed to support the boiler reliability management process. Having a tool that can help mitigate the risk of uncontrolled power unit failure without expensive and technically complex...
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ASSESSMENT OF WEAR OF THE BANDSAW TEETH IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS
PublicationA methodology for measuring bandsaw tooth wear is presented in this paper. This type of measurement is proposed as an alternative way of determining tooth wear in industrial conditions. The method is based on determining the KE value, i.e., the distance of the radius of the rounded cutting edge of the tooth and the intersection of the surface of the back and the surface of the face of the cutting wedge of the bandsaw tooth....
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Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SULFAMMOX) process under anaerobic conditions
PublicationSulfate (SO42-) can be an electron acceptor for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) oxidation under anaerobic conditions. The process is known as sulfammox and can be a viable alternative to conventional, nitrite (NO2-) dependent, anammox. Two bacterial species, including Bacillus Benzoevorans and Brocadia Anammoxoglobus Sulfate, can perform that process. With sulfammox, an economically inefficient pre-nitration step (due to aeration) is...
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Temperature Sensors Based on Polymer Fiber Optic Interferometer
PublicationTemperature measurements are of great importance in many fields of human activities, including industry, technology, and science. For example, obtaining a certain temperature value or a sudden change in it can be the primary control marker of a chemical process. Fiber optic sensors have remarkable properties giving a broad range of applications. They enable continuous real-time temperature control in difficult-to-reach areas, in...
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Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Uses for Air Purification
PublicationChemical compounds released into the air by the activities of industrial plants and emitted from many other sources, including in households (paints, waxes, cosmetics, disinfectants, plastic (PVC) flooring), may affect the environment and human health. Thus, air purification is an important issue in the context of caring for the condition of the environment. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as liquids with environmentally friendly...
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Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
PublicationSpent lead–acid batteries have become the primary raw material for global lead production. In the current lead refining process, the tin oxidizes to slag, making its recovery problematic and expensive. This paper aims to present an innovative method for the fire refining of lead, which enables the retention of tin contained in lead from recycled lead–acid batteries. The proposed method uses aluminium scrap to remove impurities...
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Concept of Multifactor Method and Non-Functional Requirements Solution to Increase Resilience through Functional Safety with Cybersecurity Analysis
PublicationIn the process of designing safety systems, an integrated approach in safety and cybersecurity analysis is necessary. The paper describes a new technique of increasing resilience through integrated analysis of functional safety and cybersecurity. It is a modeling methodology based on the combination of the multifactor method utilizing modified risk graphs, used previously for Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessment, and the Non-Functional...
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Productivity effects of trade in natural resources—comparison with mechanisms of technological specialisation
PublicationThis paper compares two alternative growth paths, assessing the effects on productivity of specialisation in natural resources (NR) and in technologically advanced products. The empirical analysis exploits product-level export data for 109 developing and 51 developed economies over the period 1996–2018. We document two distinct types of specialisation, based on exports either of natural resources or of technological products, and...
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Environmental fate of BTEX compounds in ambient air
PublicationAs a result of the industrialization and urbanization in the world, human pressure on the environment is intensifying, leading to detrimental changes in both biotic and abiotic compartments. One of the many consequences of this state of affairs is the increasing rate of emission into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds, including the so-called BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes) compounds. The article reviews...
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Chemical modifications of natural oils and examples of their usage for polyurethane synthesis
PublicationNatural oils have been used in the production of plastics for a long time. However, the number of studies dedicated to polyurethane research has shown an increase only recently. Usually, petrochemical components are used in polyurethane synthesis. Nowadays, there have been attemptsmade to replace polyols in polyurethanes with the modified oils and other natural raw materials. It is a promising and important scenario because the...
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The Application of Fibres from Recycled Postconsumer Tyres for Concrete Reinforcement
PublicationPoland as a Member State is obliged to implement the EU specific environmental legislation focused on the reduction, transport and treatment of waste. The Landfill Directive prohibited the landfilling of whole tyres and their by-products. Although the EU Directive of Waste limits the use of tyres as secondary fuel, Poland is still the EU leader in burning tyres in cement kilns. Post-consumer tyres are utilised in a number of...
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Speciation of Iron in the Aquatic Environment
PublicationIron is one of the basic metals occurring in the aquatic environment and it is considered a macroelement with regard to live organisms. This metal has a broad range of applications that, together with factors conditioning its chemical transitions, results in the occurrence of many iron species in water. Depending on water and land development type, as well as the use of water for household and industrial purposes, iron may be found...
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Analysis of the applicability of laser scanning to making an inventory of swimming pool facilities
Publication3D scanning can be used in many branches of economy, e.g. reverse and prototype engineering, industrial design, quality control, pros-thetics, orthodontics, archiving of historic objects and archeological findings, examination of a scene of crime, making films and comput-er games. The technology of terrestrial laser scanning has a bright fu-ture as we are living in the time of blooming measurement tech-niques, which can provide...
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Virtual Engineering Objects (VEO): Designing, Developing and Testing Models
PublicationIn this article, the development and implementation of the concept of Virtual Engineering Object (VEO) is described. A VEO is a computerized real world representation of an engineering object. VEO will act as a living representation of the object capable of adding, storing, improving and sharing knowledge through experience, in a way similar to an expert of that object. In this paper, it is shown through test models how the concept...
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Active management of equipment cooling in hoteling data centers
PublicationHoteling data centers are designated for housing computing and storage units of many, usually small customers, as opposed to traditional data centers supporting own computing and storage resources of a bigger company. One of the services to be provided to consumer’s equipment is cooling. Cooling in data centers is prevalently achieved by circulating air in computer room. Efficient cooling requires delivering cold air from central...
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Modeling hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublicationHydrolysis is an important process in biological wastewater treatment and has been known as the rate limiting step in organic carbon removal from municipal or industrial wastewater. The biodegradation of XS is initiated by hydrolysis which is an integral part of activated sludge models, such as the Activated Sludge Model no. 2d (ASM2d). The aim of this study was to evaluate different concepts of modeling the hydrolysis process...
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The Fate of BTEX Compounds in Ambient Air
PublicationAs a result of the industrialization and urbanization in the world, human pressure on the environment is intensifying, leading to detrimental changes in both biotic and abiotic compartments. One of the many consequences of this state of affairs is the increasing rate of emission into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds, including the so-called BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes) compounds. The authors review...
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A procedure for the determination of dichloromethane and tetrachloroethene in water using pervaporation and gas chromatography
PublicationIn the present study, pervaporation was applied to the determination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) in liquid samples. PCE is the most commonly used solvent in dry-cleaning processes. PCE belongs to group 2A of carcinogens (probably carcinogenic to humans) according to the classification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). DCM is also widely used as an industrial solvent for the purification...
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The labor market in industrial cluster analysis
PublicationThe paper offers a description of methodologies used in industrial cluster analysis in conjunction with the labor market analysis. The author explores many tools utilized in cluster identi-fication: quantitative methods (LQ, shift-share), qualitative methods (MSQA) and mixed tools (cluster analysis in conjunction with discriminant analysis, spider diagram, GEM model, ne-twork analysis). Each tool is described in terms of its connection...
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Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublicationIn recent years, considerable attention was paid to the presence of organic micro-pollutants such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in the aquatic environment due to their negative impact on public health and aquatic ecosystems. Numerous papers have pointed out API presence as common constituents of effluents from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). This is the result of various efficiencies of API removal by conventional...
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Detection of gaseous compounds with different techniques
PublicationSensing technology has been developed for detection of gases in some environmental, industrial, medical, and scientific applications. The main tasks of these works is to enhance performance of gas sensors taking into account their different applicability and scenarios of operation. This paper presents the descriptions, comparison and recent progress in some existing gas sensing technologies. Detailed introduction to optical sensing...
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Non-metaldoped TiO2 nanotube arrays for high efficiency photocatalytic decomposition of organic species in water
PublicationTitanium dioxide is a well-known photoactive semiconductor with a variety of possible applications. The procedure of pollutant degradation is mainly performed using TiO2 powder suspension. It can also be exploited an immobilized catalyst on a solid support. Morphology and chemical doping have a great influence on TiO2 activity under illumination. Here we compare photoactivity of titania nanotube arrays doped with non-metal atoms:...
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Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review
PublicationTechnologies for the management of various types of waste and the production of useful products from them are currently widely studied. Both carbon dioxide and calcium-rich waste from various production processes are problematic wastes that can be used to produce calcium carbonate. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the state of the development of processes that use these two wastes...
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On-line measurement of wood surface smoothness
PublicationThe latest progress in the field of optics and microelectronics resulted in development of new generation vision systems capable of scanning surface topography with very high sampling frequencies. The blue color of illuminating light as well as novel systems for controlling ultra-thin laser line thickness allows measurement of the porous surface of wood with a triangulation method. Three alternative sensors were tested here in...
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Compact 4 × 4 butler matrix with non‐standard phase differences for IoT applications
PublicationButler matrices represent a popular class of feeding networks for antenna arrays. Large dimensions and the lack of flexibility in terms of achievable output phase difference make conventional Butler structures of limited use for modern communication devices. In this work, a compact planar 4 × 4 matrix with non-standard relative phase shifts of –30º, 150º, –120º, and 60º has been proposed. The structure is designed to operate at...
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Urban space recovery. Landscape-beneficial solutions in new estates built in post-industrial and post-military areas in Bristol, Poznań and Gdańsk
PublicationThe limitation of territorial expansion and the implementation of the idea of a compact city are generally accepted paradigms of spatial development of contemporary cities. In consequence, actions are taken to improve the quality of city landscape and revitalise vacant areas. This study approaches the process of city regeneration as transformation and supplementation of the existing urban structure as well as creation of multifunctional, structurally,...
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Effective configuration of a double triad planar parallel manipulator for precise positioning of heavy details during their assembling process
PublicationIn the paper, dynamics analysis of a parallel manipulator is presented. It is an atypical manipulator, devoted to help in assembling of heavy industrial constructions. Few atypical properties are required: small workspace; slow velocities; high loads. Initially, a short discussion about definition of the parallel manipulators is presented, as well as the sketch of the proposed structure. In parallel, some definitions, assumptions...
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Isolation and characterization of Acid Soluble Collagen from the Skin of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua)
PublicationAcid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the fish skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) was extracted and characterized. The ASC extraction yield was 75%, 73% and 68%, respectively. The denaturation and melting temperatures of African catfish ASC (29.3°C and 100.0°C) were significantly higher than ASC of Salmon and Baltic cod (20.6°C and 90.5°C; 15.2°C and 86.7°C, respectively), assessed...