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Search results for: SHIPS ENERGY REQUIREMENT, TOWING TANK TESTS, ACCELERATION STAGE, HYDRODYNAMIC ADDED MASS
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Vessel Energy Requirement Prediction from Acceleration Stage Towing Tests on Scale Models
PublicationOne of the most crucial tasks for naval architects is computing the energy required to meet the ship’s operational needs. When predicting a ship’s energy requirements, a series of hull resistance tests on a scale model vessel is carried out in constant speed stages, while the acceleration stage measurements are ignored. Another important factor in seakeeping analysis is the ship’s hydrodynamic added mass. The second law of dynamics...
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Evaluation of a Small Inland Ferry’s Energy Requirements from the Acceleration Stage of Towing Tank Model Tests
PublicationComputing the power required to meet a ship’s operational needs is one of the most important tasks in naval design. The power required to propel a vessel is directly related to the resistance the hull experiences as it moves through the water. The conventional method of determining a ship’s resistance involves towing tank tests of ship models at a fixed speed; however, for short-range vessels, where constant speed is not the primary...
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CONTROL OF THE WAVES IN A TOWING TANK WITH THE USE OF A BLACK-BOX MODEL
PublicationThe paper describes an adaptive control system of the waves, implemented in the Ship Design and Research Centre, CTO S.A. The purpose of generating the waves in the towing tank is the modelling of the environmental conditions during hydrodynamic model tests. The tests are performed on scale models of towed or free running ships, anchored structures like oil rigs or bottommounted structures, e.g. wind turbines. In the towing tank...
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Validation study on a new semi-empirical method for the prediction of added resistance in waves of arbitrary heading in analyzing ship speed trial results
PublicationThis paper describes an open and extensive validation study carried out by the Specialist Committee on Ships in Operation at Sea (SOS) of the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) on the newly developed SHOPERA-NTUA-NTU-MARIC (SNNM) wave-added resistance prediction method. The SNNM method aims at a simple, fast and transparent determination of the added resistance in regular waves of arbitrary encounter directions, even when...
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DETERMINATION OF SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE FOR A CASE STUDY VESSEL BY THE STRIP THEORY METHOD
PublicationThe increase of seakeeping performance is of particular importance for car and passenger ferries, service ships in the gas and oil extraction industry and offshore wind power farm industry, as well as for special purpose ships (including military applications). In the water areas of the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea, which are characterised by a short and steep wave, the hull shape has a substantial impact on the...
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The retrofitting of ships by applying retractable bow hydrofoils: a case study
PublicationIncreasing environmental requirements and a relatively long ship life of 30 years mean more attention is needed to retrofit existing ships. One possibility is using hydrofoils to reduce the ship’s resistance and improve comfort and safety in rough sea conditions. This study investigates the influence of retractable bow hydrofoils on the seakeeping performance and operational conditions of a selected case study vessel (V-shaped...
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Developing Methodology for Model Tests of Floating Platforms in Low -Depth Towing Tank
PublicationThe paper presents two different methods of physical modeling of semi-submersible platform mooring system for research in low depth towing tank. The tested model was made in the scale of 1:100 resembling the "Thunder Horse" platform moored in the Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 1,920 m. Its mooring system consisted of 16 semi-taut mooring lines (chain-wire-chain) spaced starshape and attached at the bottom to suction piles. The tests...
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Modelling, Simulation and Optimization of the Wavemaker in a Towing Tank
PublicationThe paper analyses the problem of experimental identification (frequency response), modelling and optimization of the towing tank wavemaker in the Scilab/Xcos environment. The experimental identification of the objects (the towing tank wavemaker placed in the hydrodynamic laboratory of the CTO S.A. Ship Design and Research Centre (CTO)) and the implementation of the models in the simulation environment, enable to perform: 1. tuning...
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The propagation of the waves in the CTO S.A. towing tank
PublicationThe paper presents the results of research focused on the wave propagation in the CTO S.A. deepwater towing tank. In the scope of paper, the wavemaker transfer function was determined for regular waves, based on the Biésel Transfer Function and further for irregular waves, based on Hasselman model of nonlinear energy transfer. The phenomena: wave damping, wave breakdown and wave reflection, were measured, analyzed and mathematically...
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Developing a methodology for model tests of floating platforms in a towing tank of low depth
PublicationThe paper presents two ways to mooring model of semi-submersible platform for research in the small depth towing pool. The tested model was made in the likeness of 1:100 Thunder Horse platform moored in the Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 1,920 m. Its mooring system consisted of 16 semi-taut mooring lines (chain-wire-chain) spaced Star-shape and attached at the bottom to the suction piles. The tests were performed in the towing pool...
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Fuzzy Control of Waves Generation in a Towing Tank
PublicationThis paper presents the results of research related to the transformation of electrical energy into potential and kinetic energy of waves generated on the water surface. The waves are generated to model the environmental conditions for the needs of the model tests. The model tests are performed on model-scale objects to predict the features of full-scale maritime objects. It is done to improve human safety and the survivability...
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Generation and Propagation of Nonlinear Waves in a Towing Tank
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the research focused on linear and nonlinear wave generation and propagation in a deepwater towing tank equipped with a single flap-type wavemaker of variable draft. The problem of wave generation and propagation has been theoretically formulated and solved by applying an analytical method; linear and nonlinear solutions were obtained. The linear solution has been verified experimentally. The...
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Digital Control System of the Wavemaker in the Towing Tank
PublicationThe paper describes a digital control system of the rigid flap wavemaker in a towing tank in CTO S.A. Ship Design and Research Centre. The control system is based on an 8-bit AVR microcontroller and consists of two cascading PID controllers. The digital system replaced the previous analogue system from 1974 and has been integrated with the existing sensors and actuators of the wavemaker. The new control system allows to obtain...
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Analysis of Impulse Responses Measured in Motion in a Towing Tank
PublicationThe growing interest in developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and creating underwater sensor networks (USNs) has led to a need for communication tools in underwater environments. For obvious reasons, wireless means of communication are the most desirable. However, conducting research in real conditions is troublesome and costly. Moreover, as hydroacoustic propagation conditions change very significantly, even during...
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Analysis of Impulse Responses Measured in Motion in a Towing Tank
PublicationThe growing interest in developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and creating underwater sensor networks (USNs) has led to a need for communication tools in underwater environments. For obvious reasons, wireless means of communication are the most desirable. However, conducting research in real conditions is troublesome and costly. Moreover, as hydroacoustic propagation conditions change very significantly, even during...
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Application of the ISE Optimized Proportional Control of the Wave Maker in a Towing Tank
PublicationThis paper presents the improvement of the wave maker control system. The wave maker is a facility widely used in hydromechanics laboratories to generate waves in towing tanks. It is equipped with an electrohydraulic drive and an actuator submerged into water. The waves are generated to model the environmental conditions for physical experiments, performed on reduced-scale models of maritime objects. The physical experiments allow...
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Full-scale CFD simulations for the determination of ship resistance as a rational, alternative method to towing tank experiments
PublicationResults of ship resistance predictions obtained from towing tank experiments are affected by the method used to extrapolate from a model scale to a ship scale. Selection of method to determine a form factor is subjective and the extrapolation method is accurate for typical hull forms. For innovative hull forms the proper method for calculating the form factor is questionable. Moreover, the influence of the extrapolation method...
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Comparison of selected parametric methods for prediction of inland waterways ship hull resistance in towing tank test
PublicationIn the paper selected approximate methods for calculation of inland waterways ship resistance and their verification by towing tests, compared on the example of a small urban ferry, are presented. The test results are made for both the bare hull and the hull with appendages (skeg, azimuthal propeller). Significant differences between results of the theoretical methods and experimental ones, especially in the case of the model with...
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Influence of Added Water Mass on Ship Structure Vibration Parameters in Virtual and Real Conditions
PublicationModelling of ship structures in a virtual environment is now standard practice. Unfortunately, many engineers forget to consideri the influence of added water on the frequency values and the amplitude of natural vibrations. The article presents the effect of water damping on the frequency values of the individual natural vibration modes. The tests were carried out in two stages. First, the mentioned values were determined using...
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The energy-time method of estimating the work of ships' main propulsion with hydrodynamic transmission.
PublicationW referacie zasygnalizowano potrzebę, a zarazem problem badania układów napędowych (napędów głównych) statków ze śrubami nienastawnymi i nastawnymi oraz przekładniami hydrostatycznymi z pompami o zmiennej wydajności. Zaproponoano koncepcję badań energetycznych takich układów w celu ustalenia, które z tych rozwiązań napędów głównych statków może zapewnić większą sprawność takich napędów podczas ich pracy z różnymi naporami i prędkościami...
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Diagnosis of Damage in a Steel Tank Model by Shaking Table Harmonic Tests
PublicationThe aim of the present paper is to show the results of the shaking table experimental study concerning the diagnosis of damage in a model of cylindrical steel tank with self-supported roof which is filled with liquid. During the tests, the base of the structure was excited under the harmonic loading with variable frequency. The tests were repeated for different stages of damage, which was introduced in the model by easing the bolts...
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Diagnosis of Damage in a Steel Tank Model by Shaking Table Harmonic Tests
PublicationDiagnosis of damage in civil engineering structures has recently become an important issue in the safety assessment procedure. Among a number of different approaches, a method of measuring the changes in natural frequencies is one of the most effective indicators of global damage. It has been successfully applied to relatively small. structures, however, the tests on large structures are very difficult and the practical application...
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Compliance tests of the polymer layers used as hydrodynamic bearing coatings
PublicationOperational experience and scientific investigations results showed that polymer lined hydrodynamic bearings can withstand more severe operating conditions compared than white metal bearings. PTFE and PEEK-based coatings are the most frequently used as Babbitt alternatives. Both polymers differ significantly from the each other in material properties. According to catalogue data compression modulus of PTFE, it is about an order...
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Low energy electron mass stopping power in H2
PublicationWe present experimental mass stopping powers of electrons in gaseous H2 obtained with a newly developed electron time-of-flight spectrometer, for the incident electron energy range of 10eV to 25eV. In our procedure the average energy loss is derived from our conversion of measured electron time-of-flight spectra into equivalent electron energy loss spectra so as to obtain the values of mass stopping power for electron scattering...
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Life tests of a rotary single-stage magnetic-fluid seal for shipbuilding applications
PublicationUse of the magnetic fluid seal technology in water is much more difficult technological problem in comparisonto gas or vacuum environment. Some seals constructed up to time been are designed as hybrid, two stagesealing structures with shields or mechanical seals used as protection measures to the magnetic fluid seal.Anyway, there is always problem with immediate contact between magnetic fluid and the environmentalliquid. In the...
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Completeness and Consistency of the System Requirement Specification
PublicationAlthough the System Requirement Specification, as a first formal and detailed document, is the base for the software project in classic software methodologies, there is a noticeable problem of assuring the completeness of this document. The lack of its completeness causes uncertainty of the project foundations. This was one of motivations for agile methodologies – if the SRS cannot be easily validated, if it can change in late project...
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Numerical Estimation of Hull Hydrodynamic Derivatives in Ship Maneuvering Prediction
PublicationPrediction of the maneuvering characteristics of the ship at the design stage can be done by means of model tests, computational simulations or a combination of both. The model tests can be realized as direct simulation of the standard maneuvers with the free running model, which gives the most accurate results, but is also the least affordable as it requires very large tank or natural lake, as well as complex equipment of the...
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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Two-Stage Concrete and Conventional Concrete Using Nondestructive Tests
PublicationDifferent types of concrete mixtures are used as building materials. The manufacturing process of two-stage concrete (TSC) differs from that of conventional concrete. This study investigated conventional mechanical properties derive empirical relations for estimation of the mechanical parameters of TSC and conventional concrete mixtures. TSC was used to prepare 216 specimens and conventional concrete was used to prepare 108 specimens...
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Hydrodynamic aspects of unconventional propulsor design for small fast ships.
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia przegląd niekonwencjonalnych pędników dla małych, szybkich okrętów. Przegląd ten obejmuje pędniki strugowodne, śruby superkawitacyjne, śruby częściowo zanurzone oraz śruby kawitujące. Charakterystyczne cechy hydrodynamiczne tych pędników wymieniono i przedyskutowano, ze wskazaniem wad i zalet. Pokrótce przedstawiono dostępne metody projektowania i przedyskutowano ich oczekiwaną dokładność. Przegląd zilustrowano...
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Experimental determination of H2 mass stopping powers for low-energy electrons
PublicationWe present experimental mass stopping powers of electrons in gaseous H2 obtained with an electron time- of-flight spectrometer, for the incident electron energy range of 11 to 25 eV. In our procedure, the average energy loss is derived from conversion of the measured electron time-of-flight spectra into equivalent electron energy-loss spectra. Our present results are compared with the only available experimental measurement and...
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LNG TANK IN ŚWINOUJŚCIE: NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF THE TANK DOME ELEMENTS BEHAVIOUR
PublicationIn this paper, the dome of a tank in the Świnoujście LNG terminal is analysed. Some of the rafter ribs at the connection with hangers were not mounted during construction of the tank dome. Therefore, it has become necessary to estimate its response, which has been done with the aid of some computational models of the dome, that have been created in the finite element method environment. Different local models are studied, aiming...
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Acceleration waves in the nonlinear micromorphic continuum
PublicationWithin the framework of the nonlinear elastic theory of micromorphic continua we derive the conditions for propagation of acceleration waves. An acceleration wave, also called a wave of weak discontinuity of order two, can be treated as a propagating nonmaterial surface across which the second derivatives of the placement vector and micro-distortion tensor may undergo jump discontinuities. Here we obtain the acoustic tensor for...
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Field Tests on Hydrodynamic and Hybrid Operation of a Bidirectional Thrust Bearing of a Pump-Turbine
PublicationIn vertical shaft pump turbines operating in pumped storage power plants an important role is played by a thrust bearing. Due to the bidirectional character of operation, thrust bearing tilting pads have to be supported symmetrically, which is known to be unfavourable from the point of view of their performance. Large thrust bearings have to be carefully designed so as to minimise excessive thermo-elastic pad deformations. The...
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An algorithm for preliminary estimating hull structure mass and mass centre height of inland navigation ships
PublicationPrzedstawiono algorytm obliczeniowy służący do wstępnego wyznaczania masy i wysokości środka ciężkości konstrukcji kadłuba statków śródlądowych. Algorytm opracowano opierając się na zaleceniach zawartych w Przepisach Klasyfikacji i Budowy Statków Śródlądowych PRS oraz zastosowano uproszczoną metodę wyznaczania mas usztywnień poszycia kadłuba. Algorytm dotyczy wymiarowania konstrukcji klasycznych statków służących do przewozu drobnicy,...
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INFLUENCE OF THE HULL SHAPE ON THE ENERGY DEMAND OF A SMALL INLAND VESSEL WITH HYBRID PROPULSION
PublicationRecently, there has been a significant development of ecological propulsion systems, which is in line with the general trend of environmentally friendly “green shipping”. The main aim is to build a safe, low-energy passenger ship with a highly efficient, emission-free propulsion system. This can be achieved in a variety of ways. The article presents the main problems encountered by designers and constructors already at the stage...
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Deformations of the steel schell of a vertical cylindrical tank caused by underpressure
PublicationUnderpressure in a tank with a fixed roof may arise in the final stage of its construction as well as during its usage. This article presents stages of deformations of the tank shell and their development from the occurrence of the first deformation to either removal of the causes of underpressure or cracking of the steel shell.
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Isothermal Calorimetry and Compressive Strength Tests of Mortar Specimens for Determination of Apparent Activation Energy
PublicationThe hydration process of cementitious materials involves a thermally activated reaction that depends on the composition of the mixture and the curing temperature. The main parameter affecting the temperature variation of cast-in-place concrete is the apparent activation energy, which can be used for the efficient prediction of the temperature evolution and maturity index of hardening concrete. This paper discusses two methods to...
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Investigation on the effect of anti-pitch fins for reducing the motion and acceleration of ships using computational fluid dynamics
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Justifying the prolongation of the service life of the bearing structure of a tank car when using Y25 bogies
PublicationThis paper substantiates the use of Y25 bogies under tank cars in order to prolong their service life. The reported study has been carried out for a tank car with rated parameters, as well as the actual ones, registered during full-scale research. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the basic indicators of the tank car dynamics. The differential equations of motion were solved by a Runge-Kutta method using the Mathcad...
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Field tests on hydrodynamic and hybrid operation of a bi-directional thrust bearing of a pump-turbine
PublicationIn vertical shaft pump turbines operating in pumped storage power plants an important role is played by a thrust bearing. Because of bi-directional character of operation, thrust bearing tilting pads have to be supported symmetrically, which is known to be unfavourable from the point of view of their performance. Large thrust bearings have to be carefully designed so as to minimise excessive thermo-elastic pad deformations. The...
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A parametric method for preliminary determining of mass characteristics of inland navigation ships
PublicationPrzedstawiono metodę którą opracowano, wykorzystując algorytmy realizujące zalecenia zawarte w Przepisach Klasyfikacji i Budowy Statków Śródlądowych PRS-u, oraz zastosowano uproszczoną metodę wyznaczania mas usztywnień poszycia kadłuba. Metoda wymiarowania oparta na tym algorytmie dotyczy klasycznych statków służących do przewozu drobnicy, ładunków masowych i płynnych - określających zakres stosowania metody. Metoda nie obejmuje...
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Multi-stage magnetic-fluid seals for operating in water - life test procedure, test stand and research results. Part II Results of life tests of multi-stage magnetic - fluid seal operating in water
PublicationThe edge criteria for magnetic-fluid seals durability research were described in previous article [24] and now the tests results are presented. The tests were made with three magnetic fluids using various magnets quantity in magnetic assemblies. If values obtained in the repeated test deviated by more than 10 % from results of the first test an additional control test was made for final characteristics. The characteristics are:...
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Acceleration of the discrete Green's function computations
PublicationResults of the acceleration of the 3-D discrete Green's function (DGF) computations on the multicore processor are presented. The code was developed in the multiple precision arithmetic with use of the OpenMP parallel programming interface. As a result, the speedup factor of three orders of magnitude compared to the previous implementation was obtained thus applicability of the DGF in FDTD simulations was significantly improved.
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Ships - inspiring objects in architecture
PublicationSea-going vessels have for centuries fascinated people, not only those who happen to work at sea, but first and foremost, those who have never set foot aboard a ship. The environment in which ships operate is reminiscent of freedom and countless adventures, but also of hard and interesting maritime working life. The famous words of Pompey: “Navigare necesseest, vivere non estnecesse” (sailing is necessary, living – is not necessary),...
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Damage tests of the single shell ship fuel tank with additional elastic protective coating
PublicationWejście na mieliznę lub kolizja średniej wielkości np. kontenerowca może doprowadzić do zanieczyszczenia środowiska Morza Bałtyckiego paliwem uwolnionym z rozszczelnionych, jednoposzyciowych zbiorników dennych, a ilość tego paliwa może być znaczna. W związku z tym podjęto prace badawcze zmierzające do opracowania sposobu obniżenia ryzyka rozlewu paliwa w wypadku kolizji poprzez wprowadzenie drugiej bariery ochronnej. Idea pomysłu...
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NUMERICAL ESTIMATION OF HULL HYDRODYNAMIC DERIVATIVES IN SHIP MANOUVERING PREDICTION
PublicationOperating in crowded waterways pose a risk of accidents and disasters due to maneuvering limitations of the ship. In order to predict ship’s maneuvering characteristics at the design stage, model tests are often executed as the most accurate prediction tool. Two approaches can be distinguished here: free running model tests and numerical simulations based on planar motion model with the use of hydrodynamic derivatives obtained...
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On the influence of the acceleration recording time on the calculation of impact severity indexes
PublicationThe paper concerns with the analysis of normative requirements pertaining to experimental setup of a crash test and its numerical modelling. An overview of parameters describing the collision of a vehicle with a road restraining system is presented. A short description of a concrete road safety barrier is presented. A brief description of numerical modelling procedures for crash tests is given as well. The parametric influence...
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APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT TO SHIPS IN EMERGENCY CONDITIONS
PublicationThe paper is devoted to safety of ships in emergency conditions. The currently valid prescriptive method of safety assessment of ships in damage conditions is included in the SOLAS 2009 Part B-2 Ch.II-1 regulations. It is devoted to the design stage and difficult to apply in operation. A possible alternative described in this paper is a method based on assessment of performance of ships and risk assessment. Type of risk evaluation...
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Investigating Fuel Injection Strategies to Enhance Ship Energy Efficiency in Wave Conditions
PublicationThe prediction of fuel consumption and resulting transportation costs is a crucial stage in ship design, particularly for conditions involving motion in waves. This study investigates the real-time fuel consumption of a container ship when sailing in waves. The overall ship performance is evaluated using a novel non-linear coupled hull-engine-propeller interaction model. A series of towing tank experiments for hull resistance in...
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A hybrid model of flooding of the ro-ro ships in damaged conditions
PublicationThe paper presents some results on investigations concerning development of a hybrid model for assessment of performance of the ro‐ro ships in damaged conditions. The model is devoted towards assessing the performance of the damaged ro‐ro ships at the preliminary stage of design. The key problems associated with preparing of such the model are associated with working out a method of assessment of the damaged roro ships performance,...