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Search results for: EQUIVALENT MASS
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Low energy electron mass stopping power in H2
PublicationWe present experimental mass stopping powers of electrons in gaseous H2 obtained with a newly developed electron time-of-flight spectrometer, for the incident electron energy range of 10eV to 25eV. In our procedure the average energy loss is derived from our conversion of measured electron time-of-flight spectra into equivalent electron energy loss spectra so as to obtain the values of mass stopping power for electron scattering...
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Experimental determination of H2 mass stopping powers for low-energy electrons
PublicationWe present experimental mass stopping powers of electrons in gaseous H2 obtained with an electron time- of-flight spectrometer, for the incident electron energy range of 11 to 25 eV. In our procedure, the average energy loss is derived from conversion of the measured electron time-of-flight spectra into equivalent electron energy-loss spectra. Our present results are compared with the only available experimental measurement and...
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A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector
PublicationThe paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...
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A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector
PublicationThe paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...
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Implementation of DEIS for reliable fault monitoring and detection in PEMFC single cells and stacks
PublicationDynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) was presented as novel method for diagnostic and monitoring of PEMFC stack and single cells operation. Impedance characteristics were obtained simultaneously with current - voltage characteristics for stack and each individual cell. Impedance measurements were performed in galvanodynamic mode. It allowed to compare performance of each cell and identification of faulty cell operation...
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Structure analysis and thermal degradation characteristics of bio-based poly(propylene succinate)s obtained by using different catalyst amounts
PublicationLinear bio-based polyester polyols were prepared with the use of succinic acid and 1.3-propanediol (both with natural origin). As a catalyst was used tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TPT). In order to determine the effect of various catalyst content on the thermal degradation characteristics, three different TPT amounts, as a 1.3-propanediol equivalent, were used, namely 0.1 mass% (PPS-0.1), 0.2 mass% (PPS-0.2) and 0.25 mass% (PPS-0.25)....
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Low cost set-up for supercapacitors parameters evaluation
PublicationSupercapacitors are capable to store relatively high amount of energy comparing to its mass. Growing number of these devices applications requires development of new testing methods. Standard methods of evaluation of supercapacitor parameters, as cycling voltammetry, CV, galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation, GCPL, impedance measurements, require equipment of high cost...
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Measurements of raising of 160EC pantograph type
Open Research DataIn this description the results of the experiment and also simulation performed on the total assembly of the 160 EC pantograph type is given. Multibody dynamics of pantograph rising due to external torque and forces are measured for parameter validation of the pantograph model.
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Preparation and characterization of dummy-template molecularly imprinted polymers as potential sorbents for the recognition of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PublicationThe main aim of this work was to conduct the preliminary/basic research concerning the preparation process of a new dummy molecularly imprinted polymer (DMIP) materials. Developed DMIPs were proposed as a sorption material in solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique for recognition of selected low mass polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) e PBDE-47 and PBDE-99. Four new DMIPs were synthesized employing bulky polymerization technique...
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How to evaluate methods used in chemical laboratories in terms of the total chemical risk? – a ChlorTox Scale
PublicationReliable assessment of the health and environmental risk associated with the use of chemicals is critical to ob- jectively evaluate the greenness and whiteness of an analytical method. An objective and useful way of risk assessment should take into account all the relevant properties of used substances, their actual amounts needed for application of the method, and quantify the assessment result using a standardized unit. This...
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Complementary use of GCxGC–TOF–MS and statistics for differentiation of variety in biosolid samples
PublicationFormation of biosolid cakes, which are one of the main wastes generated in wastewater treatment plants, is connected with emission of many hazardous chemical compounds, including odoriferous ones. To optimize particular processes of biosolid cake processing, it is necessary to assess chemical composition of the gas mixtures containing the compounds released from the cakes. The paper proposes application of two-dimensional gas chromatography...
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Dissociative multi-photon ionization of isolated uracil and uracil-adenine complexes
PublicationRecent multi-photon ionization (MPI) experiments on uracil revealed a fragment ion at m/z 84 that was proposed as a potential marker for ring opening in the electronically excited neutral molecule. The present MPI measurements on deuterated uracil identify the fragment as C3H4N2O+ (uracil+ less CO), a plausible dissociative ionization product from the theoretically predicted open-ring isomer. Equivalent measurements on thymine...
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Numerical simulation of cold flow and combustion in a swirl stabilized combustor
PublicationA numerical simulation model was developed to investigate the cold flow and combustion using Ansys FLUENT 2021R1. The governing equations were solved using the pressure-based method, and pressure–velocity coupling was performed using the SIMPLE method. To model the turbulent process, the RSM model was used. Non-premixed model is chosen to solve the chemical kinetics between fuel and oxigen. Radiation heat transfer was calculated...
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Equivalent temperature for design of airport pavements using mechanistic-empirical methods
PublicationThe paper presents implementation of equivalent temperature for design of airport asphalt pavements. The calculation methods of equivalent temperature: the Shell method, the French method and method that use the Asphalt Institute fatique criteria were presented. An example of calculations of equivalent temperature for Gdansk Airport was introduced and discussed. It was shown that methods of calculation of equivalent temperature...
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Equivalent temperature for design of asphalt pavements in Poland
PublicationThe paper presents application of equivalent temperature for design of asphalt pavements. The calculation methods of equivalent temperature: the Shell method, the French method, the methods that use the AASHTO and the Asphalt Institute fatigue criteria were presented. The results of calculations of equivalent temperature for Polish climatic conditions were presented and discussed. It was shown that different asphalt pavement design...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of series resistance of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element series resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE1 resistance of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE1 resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE2 frequency of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE2 frequency at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE1 capacity of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE1 capacity at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE1 frequency of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE1 frequency at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE2 resistance of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE2 resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of R-CPE2 capacity of symmetrical porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of equivalent circuit element R-CPE2 capacity at different temperatures (800 °C, 700 °C, 600 °C and 500 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (100%, 80%, 50% 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1%, and 0.3% pO2) of symmetrical SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrode sintered at 800 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance...
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Hysteresis modelling of a medium frequency single-phase transformer
PublicationThe article describes a feedback Preisach hysteresis model equivalent circuit implementation of a medium frequency single-phase transformer being a part of a high power and high efficiency DC-DC converter. The macroscopic models of magnetic hysteresis are introduced and the feedback Preisach model is selected for further analysis. The hysteresis model is developed for a prototype transformer and the hysteresis loops are compared...
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Method of reconstructing two-dimensional velocity fields on the basis of temperature field values measured with a thermal imaging camera
PublicationThis paper describes a novel numerical reconstruction procedure (NRP) of the velocity field during natural convective heat transfer from a two-sided, isothermal, heated vertical plate based only on the known temperature field obtained, e.g. with a thermal imaging camera. It has been demonstrated that with a knowledge of temperature distributions, the NRP enables the reconstruction of velocity fields by solving the Navier-Stokes...
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Multivariate analysis of impedance data obtained for coating systems of varying thickness applied on steel
PublicationElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has proven to be a valuable test method for the electrochemical characterization of protective coatings on metals. The common way of analysis in impedance spectroscopy is to model the impedance spectrum by means of an equivalent circuit and to extract the quantity of interest using optimization techniques. A model, corresponding to the behavior of the sample under testing, is important...
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Effective Permeability of Multi Air Gap Ferrite Core 3-Phase Medium Frequency Transformer in Isolated DC-DC Converters
PublicationThe magnetizing inductance of the medium frequency transformer (MFT) impacts the performance of the isolated dc-dc power converters. The ferrite material is considered for high power transformers but it requires an assembly of type “I” cores resulting in a multi air gap structure of the magnetic core. The authors claim that the multiple air gaps are randomly distributed and that the average air gap length is unpredictable at the...
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An Efficient PEEC-Based Method for Full-Wave Analysis of Microstrip Structures
PublicationThis article introduces an efficient method for the equivalent circuit characterization and full-wave analysis of microstrip structures, leveraging the full-wave partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). In particular, the multilayered Green's function is evaluated using the discrete complex-image method (DCIM) and employed to establish the mixed potential integral equations. The proposed strategy considers time delays for the...
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Validation of atmospheric aerosols parallel sampling in a multifold device
PublicationIn this work, particulate matter was collected using an active sampling system consisting of a PM10 (<10 μm) inlet coupled to a multifold device containing six channels, connected to a vacuum pump. Each channel was equipped with a filter holder fitted with adequately chosen filters. The system was fixed on a metallic structure, which was placed on the roof of the laboratory building, at the Faculty of Sciences, in Lisbon. Sampling...
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Impedance Measurement and Selection of Electrochemical Equivalent Circuit of a Working PEM Fuel Cell Cathode
PublicationThe dynamic impedance analysis of direct methanolfuel cell (DMFC) cathode supplied with pure oxygen is pre-sented. Presented results were obtained during dynamic chang-es of the current density in working fuel cell. Investigation ofthe occurring processes at cathode was carried with dynamicelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). A discussionwas conducted based on the determined correlation parameterχ2. It was shown that...
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Composite shells in 6-field nonlinear shell theory
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono równanie konstytutywne uwzględniające wielowarstwowość materiału powłoki. Równania wyprowadzono bazując na podejściu Equivalent Single Layer
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approximation of photonic crystal fibres with large air holes by the step index fibre model
PublicationAn equivalent step index fibre with a silica core and air cladding is used to model photonic crystal fibres with large air holes. We model this fibre for linear polarisation (we focus on the lowest few transverse modes of the electromagnetic field). The equivalent step index radius is obtained by equating the lowest two eigenvalues of the model to those calculated numerically for the photonic crystal fibres. The step index parameters...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of Gerischer element of symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of Gericher element at different temperatures (800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, 650 °C and 600 °C)and oxygen partial pressures (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% pO2) of symmetrical Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode sintered at 1000 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance spectra by electrical equivalent circuit...
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Fitted impedance spectra of a symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 oxygen electrode (sintered at 1000 °C, measured at 700 °C and 0.1% pO2) with an individual contributions of the respective fitting elements
Open Research DataThis dataset contains exemplary impedance spectra (measured at 700 °C and 0.1% pO2) for porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 oxygen electrode sintered at 1000 °C. Results of symmetric cell impedance measurement were converted to electrode surfaces area and dived by two electrodes. Dataset conatins also fitting results and individual contributions of the respective...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of low frequency capacitance of symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of low frequency capacitance at different temperatures (800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, 650 °C and 600 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% pO2) of symmetrical Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode sintered at 1000 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance spectra by electrical equivalent...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of middle frequency capacitance of symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of middle frequency capacitance at different temperatures (800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, 650 °C and 600 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% pO2) of symmetrical Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode sintered at 1000 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance spectra by electrical equivalent...
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Fitted impedance spectra of a symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 oxygen electrode (sintered at 1000 °C, measured at 800 °C and 0.1% pO2) with an individual contributions of the respective fitting elements
Open Research DataThis dataset contains exemplary impedance spectra (measured at 800 °C and 0.1% pO2) for porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 oxygen electrode sintered at 1000 °C. Results of symmetric cell impedance measurement were converted to electrode surfaces area and dived by two electrodes. Dataset conatins also fitting results and individual contributions of the respective...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of low frequency resistance of symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of low frequency resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, 650 °C and 600 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% pO2) of symmetrical Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode sintered at 1000 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance spectra by electrical equivalent...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of series resistance of symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of series resistance (R) at different temperatures (800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, 650 °C and 600 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% pO2) of symmetrical Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode sintered at 1000 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance spectra by electrical equivalent...
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Oxygen partial pressure and temperature dependence of middle frequency resistance of symmetrical porous Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode on CGO substrate
Open Research DataThis dataset contains values of middle frequency resistance at different temperatures (800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, 650 °C and 600 °C) and oxygen partial pressures (20%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% pO2) of symmetrical Sr0.86Ti0.65Fe0.35O3 electrode sintered at 1000 °C. This values were obtained by fitting each measured impedance spectra by electrical equivalent...
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Analysis of noise properties of the optocoupler device
PublicationIn the paper the localization of a source of Random Telegraph Signal noise (RTS noise) in optocoupler devices type CNY 17 were defined. The equivalent noise circuit in low frequency noise for these type optocouplers was proposed.
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Weak forms of shadowing in topological dynamics
PublicationWe consider continuous maps of compact metric spaces. It is proved that every pseudotrajectory with sufficiently small errors contains a subsequence of positive density that is point-wise close to a subsequence of an exact trajectory with the same indices. Also, we study homeomor- phisms such that any pseudotrajectory can be shadowed by a finite number of exact orbits. In terms of numerical methods this property (we call it multishadowing)...
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Amyloid fibril formation in the presence of water structure-affecting solutes
PublicationThe impact of the differently hydrated non-electrolytes (protein structure destabilizers) on the fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was investigated. Two isomeric urea derivatives i.e. butylurea (BU) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylurea (TMU) were chosen as a tested compounds. The obtained results show that butylurea exerts greater impact on HEWL and its fibrillation than tetramethylurea. Both substances decrease the time of...
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Low cost set-up for supercapacitors parameters evaluation
PublicationWe propose a use of a power amplifier in the circuit of voltage to current converter (current driver) for supercapacitor charging/discharging in controlled conditions. The current driver is controlled by DAC output of DAQ board and voltage of DUT is measured and a control loop is realized by software. In the circuit the DC current method of evaluation of capacitance and equivalent series...
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Why do Poles withdraw from the labour market so early? - systematics of the factors influencing Poles' decisions to retire
PublicationThe study undertakes to identify the factors that influence the decisions of the working population approaching retirement age to withdraw from the labour market (which in this case is equivalent to retirement) or continue economic activity (also after reaching the formal retirement age)
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Constant vs. Variable Efficiency of Electric Drive in Train Run Simulations
PublicationTrain run simulations, which focus on various power- and energy-oriented aspects, should reflect the losses in the electric powertrain. In general, the powertrain efficiency varies with respect to load and speed. Including this relation in simulation requires knowledge about detailed drivetrain parameters, which are often unavailable. This paper verifies the possibility to approximate the drivetrain efficiency in train run simulations...
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Dielectric Properties of BiNbO<sub>4</sub>-Based Ceramic-Polymer Composites with 0-3 Connectivity
PublicationIn the present study two-phase BiNbO4//PVDF composites with 0-3 connectivity were studied by impedance spectroscopy within the frequency range Δν=100Hz-1MHz at room temperature. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) acted as a matrix whereas bismuth niobate (BiNbO4) powder acted as a dispersed phase. The volume fraction of the ceramic phase was cV=2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 20vol%. Analysis of the impedance data registered for composites...
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The energy concept of money
PublicationPurpose: This paper aims to provide the literature review seeking an answer whether energy can be used as a universal equivalent instead of money. Methodology: The author conducted a review of available literature and data sources related to the money theory and energy concept of money. Findings: It was found that the definition of energy as a general equivalent has a contextual and dynamic nature, and this field’s consolidation...
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times analysis results for porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d oxygen electrode measured at 800 °C and 15% oxygen partial pressure
Open Research DataThis dataset contains electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times analysis results for symmetrical cell with porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d oxygen electrodes sintered at 800 °C. EIS spectra were measured at 800 °C and 15% of oxygen partial pressure. Spectra of two RCPE elements from equivalent circuit , are also included....
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times analysis results for porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d oxygen electrode measured at 600 °C and 15% oxygen partial pressure
Open Research DataThis dataset contains electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times results for symmetrical cell with porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d oxygen electrodes sintered at 800 °C. EIS spectra were measured at 600 °C and 15% of oxygen partial pressure. Spectra of two RCPE elements from equivalent circuit , are also included. Results converted...
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times analysis results for porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d oxygen electrode measured at 700 °C and 15% oxygen partial pressure
Open Research DataThis dataset contains electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times analysis results for symmetrical cell with porous SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3-d oxygen electrodes sintered at 800 °C. EIS spectra were measured at 700 °C and 15% of oxygen partial pressure. Spectra of two RCPE elements from equivalent circuit , are also included....