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Search results for: energy efficiency
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Ukrainian Market of Electrical Energy: Reforming, Financing, Innovative Investment, Efficiency Analysis, and Audit
PublicationThe aim of this research is to determine the influence of electrical energy market regulation reform in Ukraine on the competitive environment, the reproduction processes of financial and innovative support, and the energy efficiency of the national economy. The authors have put forward and verified the hypothesis that, under conditions of institutional maturity of the Ukrainian electrical energy market, its liberalization and...
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Logistical Aspects of Energy Conversion Efficiency in Marine Steam Power Plants in Off-Design Conditions
PublicationThe paper presents logistical aspects of energy conversion efficiency in off-design conditions. The main part of the article is based on results of thermodynamic calculation for large propulsion steam turbine under partial loads. Calculations are made on extended mathematical model of two proposed steam turbine thermodynamic cycles using Stodola’s cone law. The conclusion based on calculation re-sults contains importance of off-design...
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Energy losses in the hydraulic rotational motor - definitions and relations for evaluation of the efficiency of motor and hydrostatic drive
PublicationStosowane dotychczas w badaniach naukowych i w praktyce przemysłowej metody oceny strat i sprawności energetycznej obrotowych silników hydraulicznych stosowanych w napędach hydrostatycznych dają błędne rezultaty, ponieważ obarczone są wpływem samych strat na parametry, w funkcji których straty i sprawności są oceniane.Celem pracy było zdefiniowanie w silniku parametrów pracy, rozwijanych mocy, występujących strat i sprawności energetycznej...
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublicationThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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Ultrahigh Quantum Efficiency Near-Infrared-II Emission Achieved by Cr3+ Clusters to Ni2+ Energy Transfer
PublicationIncreasing demand for near-infrared-II (NIR-II) light sources requires improved NIR-II phosphors. We present a series of phosphors codoped with Cr3+ and Ni2+ that possess NIRII emission with an unprecedented internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 97.4%. Our study reveals an energy transfer mechanism involving clusters of Cr3+ where luminescent centers are closely matched in energy and where the Ni2+ emission intensity can be tuned...
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Ultrahigh Quantum Efficiency Near-Infrared-II Emission Achieved by Cr3+ Clusters to Ni2+ Energy Transfer
Open Research DataIncreasing demand for near-infrared-II (NIR-II) light sources requires improved NIR-II phosphors. We present a series of phosphors codoped with Cr3+ and Ni2+ that possess NIR-II emission with an unprecedented internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 97.4%. Our study reveals an energy transfer mechanism involving clusters of Cr3+ where luminescent centers...
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Multi-source-supplied parallel hybrid propulsion of the inland passenger ship STA.H. Research work on energy efficiency of a hybrid propulsion system operating in the electric motor drive mode
PublicationIn the Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, design has recently been developed of a small inland ship with hybrid propulsion and supply system. The ship will be propelled by a specially designed so called parallel hybrid propulsion system. The work was aimed at carrying out the energy efficiency analysis of a hybrid propulsion system operating in the electric motor drive mode and at...
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Evaluation of the relative thermoluminescence efficiency of LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL detectors to low-energy heavy ions
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High-efficiency hybrid PV-TEG system with intelligent control to harvest maximum energy under various non-static operating conditions
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The conception of exploitation efficiency of autonomic energy systems ofland vehicles and ships = Koncepcja sprawności eksploatacyjnej układów energetycznych autonomicznych pojazdów lądowych i jednostek pływających
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono oryginalną koncepcję i możliwości określenia sprawności eksploatacyjnej układów energetycznych pojazdów samochodowych, lokomotyw spalinowych, i jednostek pływających czyli obiektów, które cechuje autonomiczność energetyczna. Sformuowano zasady sytuowania granicy bilansowej układów energetycznych, których zadaniem jest zasilanie odbiorników i grup odbiorników energią mechaniczną, elektryczną i cieplną....
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The impact of environmentally friendly refrigerants on heat pump efficiency
PublicationThis paper discusses the issue of heat pump simulation. Lower operating costs can be achieved through good equipment design and appropriate operation. Detailed technical and economic analysis inform the selection of system components with the highest possible efficiency and lower energy demand. The use of systems based on environmentally friendly refrigerants can deliver long product life, which is associated with a shorter payback...
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Efficiency of acoustic heating in the Maxwell fluid
PublicationThe nonlinear effects of sound in a fluid describing by the Maxwell model of the viscous stress tensor is the subject of investigation. Among other, viscoelastic biological media belong to this non-newtonian type of fluids. Generation of heating of the medium caused by nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy, is discussed in details. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination...
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Efficiency of acoustic heating in the Maxwell fluid
PublicationThe nonlinear effects of sound in a fluid describing by the Maxwell model of the viscous stress tensor is the subject of investigation. Among other, viscoelastic biological media belong to this non-newtonian type of fluids. Generation of heating of the medium caused by nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy, is discussed in details. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination...
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Estimation of the Regenerative Braking Process Efficiency in Electric Vehicles
PublicationIn electric and hybrid vehicles, it is possible to recover energy from the braking process and reuse it to drive the vehicle using the batteries installed on-board. In the conditions of city traffic, the energy dissipated in the braking process constitutes a very large share of the total resistance to vehicle motion. Efficient use of the energy from the braking process enables a significant reduction of fuel and electricity consumption...
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Evaluation of Street Lighting Efficiency Using a Mobile Measurement System
PublicationThe issue concerns the initial stage of work on a method for performing a rapid assessment of the energy efficiency and illuminance of a street lighting installation. The proposed method is based on simultaneous measurement of illuminance from three lux meters placed on the roof of the vehicle. The data are acquired in road traffic, while the vehicle is driving. The proposed solution will allow in the future to quickly and reproducibly...
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Julia Kurek dr inż. arch.
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Improving the efficiency of street lighting electrical systems
PublicationTo derive mathematical expressions that, using the available information, will allow forecasting the levels of electricity consumption by the city’s outdoor lighting network in the main possible scenarios for several years ahead, as well as when developing an energy-efficient smart control system for the electro-complex of lighting complex. Creating an effective intelligent outdoor lighting control system involves the use of the...
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On the internal efficiency of a turbine stage: classical and CFD definitions
PublicationAlmost entire fleet of steam turbines in Poland was designed between 1950 – 1980 with the use of the so-called zero dimensional (0D) calculation tools. For several years, design and modernization of the turbines occur in assistance with the state of the art methods that describe working fluid flow field based on 3D models and CFD codes. This cooperation between 0D and 3D codes requires exchange of overall, integral information...
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Decrease in Photovoltaic Module Efficiency Due to Deposition of Pollutants
PublicationThe deposition of pollutants on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules reduce the efficiency that can be achieved in given climatic conditions. This results in the loss of energy yield obtained from the solar installation. A number of factors determine the scale of this problem. The first of these is the amount of impurities deposited, the associated amount of precipitation, and the speed and direction of the wind. A second aspect...
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Areas of Fan Research—A Review of the Literature in Terms of Improving Operating Efficiency and Reducing Noise Emissions
PublicationFans as industrial devices are among the most significant single recipients of driving energy. Therefore, they represent an important area of energy savings to reduce CO2 emissions. The ubiquity of fans and their operation under conditions different from the optimum provides an opportunity for more significant global reductions in the energy used to drive them. The second important aspect, besides energy efficiency, related to...
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Constant vs. Variable Efficiency of Electric Drive in Train Run Simulations
PublicationTrain run simulations, which focus on various power- and energy-oriented aspects, should reflect the losses in the electric powertrain. In general, the powertrain efficiency varies with respect to load and speed. Including this relation in simulation requires knowledge about detailed drivetrain parameters, which are often unavailable. This paper verifies the possibility to approximate the drivetrain efficiency in train run simulations...
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The Possibility of Phase Change Materials (PCM) Usage to Increase Efficiency of the Photovoltaic Modules
PublicationSolar energy is widely available, free and inexhaustible. Furthermore this source of energy is the most friendly to the environment. For direct conversion of solar energy into useful forms like of electricity and thermal energy, respectively photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are being used. Forecast indicate that the first one solution will soon have a significant part in meeting the global energy demand. Therefore it is...
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Efficiency limit of excitonic photovoltaic cells under phosphor-based white LED illumination
PublicationThe limit of energy conversion of excitonic photovoltaic cells working under white light illumination generated by phosphor-based LED is analysed using the modified Giebink approach. Particularly, the impact of the optical energy gap and energy loss associated with the excitons dissociation at the heterojunction interface on power conversion efficiency of the device are discussed. From the results of our study it follows that the...
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Frequency response spectra applied to assess efficiency of the training techniques
PublicationThe purpose of the research is to assess the increase of the muscle strength and power. Movement of the human body when the moving one impacts a stationary or moving body is taken under consideration. The waveform produced by an impact is transformed into frequency domain. The acceleration record is transformed as a complex spectrum, by the use of a Discrete Fourier Transformation. In this paper the applications of the discrete...
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Efficiency of exciton splitting in organic photovoltaic cells within EQE spectrum
PublicationThe paper presents a procedure of estimating the efficiency of exciton splitting at ED/EA interface. The procedure consists in evaluation of splitting of excitons into electron-hole pairs on the basis of the external quantum efficiency spectra of planar cells and spectra of absorbance of active organic layers. The fitting parameters are the exciton splitting probabilities at ED/EA interface. The presented procedure was applied...
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Determinants of Directionality and Efficiency of the ATP Synthase Fo Motor at Atomic Resolution
PublicationFo subcomplex of ATP synthase is a membrane-embedded rotary motor that converts proton motive force into mechanical energy. Despite a rapid increase in the number of high-resolution structures, the mechanism of tight coupling between proton transport and motion of the rotary c-ring remains elusive. Here, using extensive all-atom free energy simulations, we show how the motor’s directionality naturally arises from the interplay...
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Evaluation of the efficiency of the duty cycle of refuse collection vehicle based on real-world data
PublicationIn this paper a method of the efficiency evaluation of the duty cycle of Refuse Collection Vehicle is presented. Using real world data, two representative duty cycles were analysed. Total cycle efficiency was calculated, as well as the efficiency of particular cycle phases. Then, energy needed to collect and compact the waste and energy from fuel were compared. Measured and calculated values were shown on the diagrams illustrating...
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Gross final energy demand from RES, broken down by type of energy
Open Research DataAccording to the forecasts of the Ministry of Economy, taking into account the macroeconomic situation and legal conditions (including the EU Program "20x20x20", the Act on Renewable Energy Sources and the Energy Efficiency Act), power plants producing energy based on renewable energy will gain in importance in the coming years. energy sources.
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Improving the Efficiency of Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cell Using Down-Conversion Coating
PublicationPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated exceptional efficiency, yet surpassing theoretical performance limits requires innovative methodologies. Among these, down-conversion techniques are pivotal in reducing optical losses and enhancing energy conversion efficiency. In this study, optical modeling, including a generalized transfer-matrix optical model, was employed to meticulously assess optical losses in semitransparent...
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High-efficiency mini and micro heat exchangers for dispersed power generation
PublicationTaking into account the dispersed systems technologies and their development, the ORC systems seem to be promising technology amongst various micro-CHP domestic units (electrical power production below 10 kWe), however practical realization of the ORC cycle in a micro-scale is technically challenging. The system consists in devices such as the vapour generation unit (boiler), expansion device and heat exchangers. Each of them should...
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Investigation of the Efficiency of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber with a Plasma‒Chemical Element
PublicationThe study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber...
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PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINED GAS-STEAM TURBINE UNIT OF A HYBRID CYCLE FOR THE FPSO VESSEL
PublicationA thermal diagram of the combined gas‒steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected...
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Thermal efficiency investigations on the self-ignition test engine fed with marine low sulfur diesel fuels
PublicationWithin the article an issues of implementing the new kinds of marine diesel fuels into ships’ operation was described taking into ac-count restrictions on the permissible sulphur content introduced by the International Maritime Organization. This is a new situation for ship owners and fuel producers, which forces the necessity to carry out laboratory research tests on especially adapted engine stands. How to elaborate the method...
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Methodology for implementing power plant efficiency standards for power generation: potential emission reduction
PublicationSome methods of generating power such as power generation through coal, natural gas, oil result in inevitable emissions of greenhouse gases. While power generation is necessary due to its increasing demand, it is important for power companies to generate their power in an efcient manner to reduce its efect on the environment. One of the most efective ways of tackling inefciency issues is through the implementation of efciency standard....
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublicationThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle efficiency and vapor generator heat transfer surface in function of the reduced pressure
PublicationIn the paper presented is analysis of the influence of reduced pressure on efficiency and heat transfer area of vapor generator of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in case of subcritical and supercritical parameters of operation. Compared are two cases of subcritical and supercritical ORC featuring a similar arrangement of heat source supply and heat removal, that is featuring the same temperatures of working fluid before the turbine,...
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Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plants. Part B: Prosumer and Distributed Power Industry
PublicationAn analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. A new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet has been described in the paper. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied, and in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points. The proposed cycle equipped with an effective heat exchanger could...
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Energy Losses Due to Imperfect Payment Infrastructure and Payment Instruments
PublicationOne of the strategic objectives of the European Union is a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and improvement of energy efficiency by at least 32.5% in different areas of the economy by 2030. However, little is known about the impact of payment in retail on energy consumption. The purpose of this paper is to assess the chain of losses of time and energy, and therefore financial losses, that occur due to the imperfection of payment...
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Forecast of basic fuel prices in imports to Poland (constant prices in USD in 2007)
Open Research DataThis dataset presents price growth forecasts for conventional energy sources. It should be noted that the Ministry of Economy forecasts a more than two-fold increase in oil prices (although these forecasts may be greatly underestimated) over 23 years, an almost two-fold increase in natural gas prices and a 40% increase in coal prices.
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Composites in energy storing prosthetic feet
PublicationComposites reinforced with carbon and glass fibers have become the commonly used material in the production of energy storing prosthetic feet (ESPF/elastic feet prostheses). Their properties ensure a stable and light structure that allows for accumulation, storage and release of energy during walking, thus ensuring an increase in gait efficiency. Depending on the modification of the composite in terms of fiber selection, their...
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Effect of band gap on power conversion efficiency of single-junction semiconductor photovoltaic cells under white light phosphor-based LED illumination
PublicationOn the basis of the detailed balance principle, curves of efficiency limit of single-junction photovoltaic cells at warm and cool white light phosphor-based LED bulbs with luminous efficacy exceeding 100 lm/W have been simulated. The effect of energy band gap and illuminance on the efficiencies at warm and cool light is discussed. The simulations carried out show that maximum power conversion efficiency at 1000 lx reaches 52.0%...
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Designing efficient A-D-A1-D-A type fullerene free acceptor molecules with enhanced power conversion efficiency for solar cell applications
PublicationThe achievement of highly efficient power conversion efficiency (PCE) is a big concern for non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs) because PCE can depend on numerous variables. Here, new five novel acceptor molecules without fullerenes were developed and investigated using DFT (density functional theory) and TD-DFT (time dependent-density functional theory). Compared to the recently synthesized molecule (PZ-dIDTC6), the developed...
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Exergy and Energy Analyses of Microwave Dryer for Cantaloupe Slice and Prediction of Thermodynamic Parameters Using ANN and ANFIS Algorithms
PublicationThe study targeted towards drying of cantaloupe slices with various thicknesses in a microwave dryer. The experiments were carried out at three microwave powers of 180, 360, and 540 W and three thicknesses of 2, 4, and 6 mm for cantaloupe drying, and the weight variations were determined. Artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) were exploited to investigate energy and exergy indices of...
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Energy losses in hydrostatic drive:Drive investigation method compatible with diagram of power increase opposite to the direction of power flow
PublicationEnergy losses and efficiency of drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the driven device, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load decide of the useful power and, in differentiated way, of kinds and values of losses in the motor. But energy losses and efficiency of drive motors are evaluated as functions of...
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Architects and urban planners in the face of energy transition - smart cities energy aspects in shaping building structures and cities
PublicationContemporary architects and urban planners are facing steadily increasing challenges. The growing problems around environmental issues, shrinking natural resources and climate action are just some of them. Currently, planning should also include balancing with all the aspects of sustainable development such as not only the environmental issues, but also social and economic ones. How to meet them in the era of energy transition...
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An analysis of solar energy conversion systems based on photon and thermal processes
PublicationSolar spectral irradiance covers a fairly broad wavelength range. Solar radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is described by the concept of wave-particle duality. The corpuscular theory of electromagnetic radiation states that energy is transmitted by photons. Photons carry specific amounts of energy which can be used to convert solar energy into other types of energy, in particular electricity. The internal...
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Efficiency of thermomechanical reclaiming of ground tire rubber conducted in counter-rotating and co-rotating twin screw extruder
PublicationIn this article the results of research on a continuous thermomechanical reclaiming process of ground tire rubber (GTR) conducted in a twin screw extruder are presented. The effects of the rotation direction (co-rotating/counter-rotating), design of co-rotating plasticizing units and the rotational speed of the screws on the extruder working parameters, sol fraction and the degree of reclaiming in the obtained products were described....
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Design and Evaluation of the Compact and Autonomous Energy Subsystem of a Wave Energy Converter
PublicationThis paper presents the results of the design process focused on the development of the energy subsystem (ES) of a wave energy converter (WEC). The ES is an important electrical part that significantly affects the energy reliability and energy efficiency of the entire WEC device. The designed ES was intended for compact WECs powering IoT network devices working in the distributed grid. The developed ES is an electronic circuit...
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OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY CONVERSION IN GOLD NANOPARTICLES IRRADIATED BY LIGHT FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONED BY LIGHT FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY APPLICATION
PublicationThis study investigates the optimization of light-to-heat conversion in gold nanoparticles under irradiation by continuous- and pulsed-wave laser sources. The conversion process relies on the absorption of electromagnetic energy and the subsequent generation of heat, a phenomenon that is integral to a variety of applications. The photothermal conversion model is based on the Rayleigh-Drude approximation, facilitating predictions...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the CAES system coupled with the underground thermal energy storage taking into account global, central and local level of energy conversion
PublicationA key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is analyzed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with a heat storage and recovery is developed. Therefore, three levels can be distinguished, namely: the global level...