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Search results for: 4-CMC
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Unstability of 4-CMC in human serum specimen
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Blood concentrations of a new psychoactive substance 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) determined in 15 forensic cases
PublicationPurpose: The 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) is a synthetic derivative of cathinone and belongs to new psychoactive substances. Neither data on the effects of 4-CMC on the human body, nor on nontoxic, toxic and lethal concentrations in biological materials have been published in the literature. This paper describes the results of an analysis of the blood concentrations of 4-CMC determined in 15 forensic cases related to nonfatal...
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Toxicity of the New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Clephedrone (4-Chloromethcathinone, 4-CMC): Prediction of Toxicity Using In Silico Methods for Clinical and Forensic Purposes
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Fatal intoxication with U-47700 in combination with other NPS (N-ethylhexedrone, adinazolam, 4-CIC, 4-CMC) confirmed by identification and quantification in autopsy specimens and evidences
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Identification of novel psychoactive substances 25B-NBOMe and 4-CMC in biological material using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their quantification in blood using UPLC–MS/MS in case of severe intoxications
PublicationThis paper describes cases of poisoning caused by new psychoactive substances such as: 25BNBOMe (2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine) and 4-CMC (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-1-propanone). The analytical procedure includes rapid and selective method for the extraction and determination of 4-CMC and 25B-NBOMe in blood samples using UPLC–MS/MS technique. To the best of our knowledge,this is...
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Locust bean gum as green and water-soluble binder for LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 electrodes
PublicationLocust Bean Gum (LBG, carob bean gum) was investigated as an environmentally friendly, natural, and water-soluble binder for cathode (LFP) and anode (LTO) in lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion). For the frst time, we show LBG as an electrode binder and compare to those of the most popular aqueous (CMC) and conventional (PVDF) binders. The electrodes were characterized using TGA/DSC, the galvanostatic charge–discharge cycle test, cyclic...
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Pore Water Pressure Development in Soft Soil due to Installation and Loading of Controlled Modulus Columns
PublicationExcess pore water pressure (EPWP) development and decay due to the installation and static loading tests of controlled modulus columns (CMC) in soft soil was measured with piezometers equipped with low air entry (LAE) filters and a piezocone (CPTU) equipped with a high air entry (HAE) filter. The HAE filter allows for detailed detection of EPWP in short time intervals during construction of CMC. The influence zone due to the installation...
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Rhamnolipid CMC Prediction
PublicationRelationships between the purity, pH, hydrophobicity (log Kow) of the carbon substrate, and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of rhamnolipid type biosurfactants (RL) were investigated using a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) approach and are presented here for the first time. Measured and literature CMC values of 97 RLs, representing biosurfactants at different stages of purification, were considered....
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XPS investigations of tge tin/tin oxides - CNT composites
Open Research DataThe composite of tin/tin oxide nanoparticles with graphene oxide and CMC based on laser ablation technique as an electrode material for energy storage devices were manufactured. The material exhibited a three-dimensional conducting graphene oxide network decorated with tin or tin oxide nanoparticles. The presence of tin/tin oxide in composites was...
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Chapter 34. Influence of salt on micellisation of 1-decyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride in aqueous solution
PublicationZbadano wpływ prostych elektrolitów na micelizację chlorku 1-decylo-3-metyloimidazoliowego w środowisku wodnym. Zaobserwowano, że dodatek soli powoduje obniżanie krytycznego stężenia micelizacji (CMC) badanego związku z siłą zgodną z trendem opisanym szeregiem Hofmeistera. Przedstawiono również zależność między stężeniem dodanej soli a CMC.
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Micelle formation of imidazolium ionic liquids in aqueous solution
PublicationCiecze jonowe (ILs) stanowią nową klasę związków o szerokich możliwościach przemysłowego zastosowania. Z przeglądu dostępnej literatury wynika, że niektóre ciecze jonowe tworzą agregaty w roztworach wodnych. W celu określenia jak tworzenie agregatów może wpływać na przebieg procesów technologicznych, dystrybucję w środowisku oraz toksyczność konieczne jest przeprowadzenie systematycznych badań dotyczących właściwości powierzchniowych...
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Ionic Liquid Assisted Dissolution of Dissolved Organic Matter and PAHs from Soil Below the Critical Micelle Concentration
PublicationIncreased use and production of ionic liquids (ILs) may result in emissions into the environment. Particularly vulnerable are industrial areas and landfills where ILs are utilized and ultimately disposed of. This study investigates how IL contamination can affect soil properties and the sorption of pre-existing contaminants. The commonly used IL 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium chloride ([OMIM][Cl]) was added at various quantities...
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Badania komunikacji pomiędzy urządzeniami automatyki zabezpieczeniowej zgodnie ze standardem IEC 61850
PublicationW artykule opisano badania modelu sieci SN wyposażonego w przekaźniki REF615 Serii Relion firmy ABB oraz tester zabezpieczeń CMC 256-6 firmy OMICRON. Na stanowisku badawczym na Wydziale Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej przeprowadzono badania czasu przesyłania komunikatów GOOSE oraz retransmisji danych za pomocą testera zabezpieczeń CMC 256-6. Wyniki potwierdziły niezawodność oraz powtarzalność czasów przesyłu...
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Multicomponent ionic liquid CMC prediction
PublicationWe created a model to predict CMC of ILs based on 704 experimental values published in 43 publications since 2000. Our model was able to predict CMC of variety of ILs in binary or ternary system in a presence of salt or alcohol. The molecular volume of IL (Vm), solvent-accessible surface (Sˆ), solvation enthalpy (DsolvGN), concentration of salt (Cs) or alcohol (Ca) and their molecular volumes (Vms and Vma, respectively) were chosen...
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Influence of rhamnolipids and ionic cross-linking conditions on the mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels as a model bacterial biofilm
PublicationThe literature indicates the existence of a relationship between rhamnolipids and bacterial biofilm, as well as the ability of selected bacteria to produce rhamnolipids and alginate. However, the influence of biosurfactant molecules on the mechanical properties of biofilms are still not fully understood. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of rhamnolipids concentration, CaCl2 concentration, and ionic cross-linking...
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Can sodium 1-alkylsulfonates participate in the sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle formation?
PublicationThe aggregation behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was studied in an aqueous solution in the presence of increasing concentrations of selected sodium 1-alkylsulfonates, namely sodium 1-octanesulfonate, sodium 1-decanesulfonate, and sodium 1-dodecanesufonate. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS was determined by conductivity and fluorescence intensity measurements. The steady-state fluorescence quenching experiments...
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Galerkin Finite Element Process for Entropy Production and Thermal Evaluation of Third-Grade Fluid Flow: A Thermal Case Study
Publication: A fluid’s moving class improves its heat transmission capability, as well as its rigidity, owing to multivariate molecule suspension. In this way, nanofluids are superior to common fluids. In this study, we evaluated the features of ease and heat transfer. Furthermore, we investigated permeable media, heat source, variable heat conductivity, and warm irradiation results. A mathematical technique known as the Galerkin finite element...
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Analiza działania blokady kołysaniowej zabezpieczenia odległościowego w przekaźniku RED670 ABB
PublicationReferat podejmuje tematykę działania zabezpieczeń impedancyjnych linii elektroenergetycznej typu RED670 w czasie kołysań mocy. Przedstawiono wyniki działania zabezpieczenia przy wielokryterialnych analizach wykonanych z wykorzystaniem testera CMC 256-6. Analizy uzupełnione są o badania symulacyjne dotyczące dużej elektrowni wodnej.
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Thermodynamics of micellization of imidazolium ionic liquids in aqueous solutions
PublicationPodobieństwo pomiędzy strukturami niektórych cieczy jonowych, a surfaktamtami jonowymi wskazuje na możliwość wykazywania, przez te związki, tendencji do agregacji i adsorpcji na powierzchniach międzyfazowych. Mierząc w różnych temperaturach przewodnictwo elektryczne w funkcji stężenia oznaczono temperaturę Kraffta i zależność temperaturową krytycznego stężenia micelizacji (CMC) dla czterech, różniących się długościami łańcucha,...
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Bile conjugation and its effect on in vitro lipolysis of emulsions
PublicationBile Salts (BS) are responsible for stimulating lipid digestion in our organism. Gut microbiota are responsible for the deconjugation process of primary conjugated to secondary unconjugated BS. We use two structurally distinct BS and characterize the rate of lipolysis as a compound parameter. A static in-vitro digestion model as well as meta-analysis of literature data has been performed to determine the most influential factors...
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Importance of Conjugation of the Bile Salt on the Mechanism of Lipolysis
PublicationWe aim to advance the discussion on the significance of the conjugation of bile salts (BS) in our organism. We hypothesize that conjugation influences the rate of lipolysis. Since the rate of lipolysis is a compound parameter, we compare the effect of conjugation on four surface parameters, which contribute to the rate. Since deconjugation is due to gut microbiota, we hypothesize that microbiota may affect the rate of lipolysis....
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Application of Analytic Signal and Smooth Interpolation in Pulse Width Modulation for Conventional Matrix Converters
PublicationThe paper proposes an alternative and novel approach to the PWM duty cycles computation for Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) fed by balanced, unbalanced or non–sinusoidal AC voltage sources. The presented solution simplifies the prototyping of direct modulation algorithms. PWM duty cycles are calculated faster by the smooth interpolation technique, using only vector coordinates, without trigonometric functions and angles. Both...
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Novel Complementary Multiple Concentric Split Ring Resonator for Reliable Characterization of Dielectric Substrates with High Sensitivity
PublicationAccurate characterization of dielectric substrates with high sensitivity remains an important challenge in a variety of industrial applications. This paper proposes an innovative strategy to address this challenge by developing and optimizing a unique Complementary Multiple Concentric Split Ring Resonator (CMC-SRR). The major goal is to propose a sensor design with increased sensitivity and reliability for dielectric characterization....
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Adsorption study of surfactants and biosurfactants mixtures at different interfaces
PublicationZbadano napięcia powierzchniowe i międzyfazowe roztworów mieszaniny surfaktantów niejonowych (Rokanol L7 i Rokanol NL8) i biosurfaktantu (JBR 425) i ich mieszanin. Olejową fazę stanowił dodekan oraz olej bazowy PAO. Wykazano synergizm wartości napięcia międzyfazowego przy CMC jedynie w przypadku mieszaniny Rokanolu L7 i JBR 425 i tylko dla granicy faz olej/woda.
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Chapter 32. Method to predict the critical micelle concentration of ionic liquids from the molecular volume
PublicationAmfifilowość wielu imidazoliowych cieczy jonowych powoduje, że zjawiska powierzchniowe mają znaczny wpływ na właściwości układów zawierających te związki. Dotychczas przeprowadzono wiele badań w celu wyznaczenia krytycznego stężenia micelizacji cieczy jonowych o różnej budowie. Ze względu na możliwość modyfikacji budowy kationu i wyboru anionu oraz ich kombinacji, podjęto próbę opracowania empirycznego równania pozwalajacego na...
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Ionic liquids: predictions of physicochemical properties with experimental and/or DFT-calculated LFER parameters to understand molecular interactions in solution
PublicationPublikacja zawiera modele pozwalające na przewidywanie współczynnika podziału oktanol-woda (log P), rozpuszczalności w wodzie oraz krytycznego stężenia micelizacji (CMC) cieczy jonowych oraz współczynników aktywności anionowej i hydrofobowości w wodzie i w mieszaninie oktanolu z wodą. Modele oparte są na liniowych zależnościach energii swobodnej (LFER) i wykorzystują parametry zmierzone i/lub wyliczone na podstawie funkcjonalnej...
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Nano Tin/Tin Oxide Attached onto Graphene Oxide Skeleton as a Fluorine Free Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
PublicationHerein, we show a composite formation method of tin/tin oxide nanoparticles with graphene oxide and CMC based on laser ablation technique as an electrode material for energy storage devices. The material exhibited a three-dimensional conducting graphene oxide network decorated with tin or tin oxide nanoparticles. The structure, homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles, and direct contact between inorganic and organic parts were...
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Binder-induced surface structure evolution effects on Li-ion battery performance
PublicationA comparative investigation on binder induced chemical and morphological evolution of Li4Ti5O12 electrodes was performed via X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Composite electrodes were obtained using three different binders (PAA, PVdF, and CMC) with 80:10:10 ratio of active material:carbon:binder. The electrochemical performances of the electrodes, were found to be...
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Algorithms for query processing in a distributed knowledge integration system
PublicationGłównym celem artykułu jest wprowadzenie modelu systemu integracji wiedzy. Przedstawiony model jest oparty na modelu Calvanese i rozszerza go o wielowarstwowy model integracji. W artykule pokazano również użycie Kartograficznej Reprezentacji Wiedzy do przechowywania i przetwarzania ontologii w źródłach wiedzy oraz do budowania odwzorowań pomiędzy ontologiami. Odwzorowania pomiędzy ontologiami budowane w oparciu o odwzorowywanie...
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A Direct Modulation for Matrix Converters based on the Onecycle Atomic operation developed in Verilog HDL.
PublicationThis paper presents a fast direct Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) algorithm for the Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) developed in Verilog Hardware Description language (HDL). All PWM duty cycle calculations are performed in one cycle by an atomic operation designed as a digital module using FPGA basic blocks. The algorithm can be extended to any number of output phase. The improved version of the discontinuous Direct Analytic...
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Direct modulation for conventional matrix converters using analytical signals and barycentric coordinates
PublicationThis paper proposes the generalized direct modulation for Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) using the concept of analytical signals and barycentric coordinates. The paper proposes a novel approach to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle computing, which allows faster prototyping of direct control algorithms. The explanation of the new idea using analytical considerations demonstrating the principles of direct voltage...
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The effect of alkyl chain length on synergistic effects in micellization and surface tension reduction in nonionic gemini (S-10) and anionic surfactants mixtures
PublicationMixtures of nonionic gemini surfactant S-10 ( α, α'-[2,4,7,9-tetrametyl-5-decyne-4,7-diyl]bis[ω-hydroxy -polioxyetylene] with anionic SRS (sodium alkylsulfates) and SRSO3 (sodium alkylsulfonates) of different alkyl chain length (from 10 to 14 carbon atoms) were investigated. Surface tension measurements were used to find the cmc values and other adsorption parameters. The Clint, Rubingh’s and Rosen theories were applied for evaluation...
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Are the short cationic lipopeptides bacterial membrane disruptors? Structure-Activity Relationship and molecular dynamic evaluation
PublicationShort cationic lipopeptides are amphiphilic molecules that exhibit antimicrobial activity mainly against Grampositives. These compounds bind to bacterial membranes and disrupt their integrity. Here we examine the structure-activity relation (SAR) of lysine-based lipopeptides, with a prospect to rationally design more active compounds. The presented study aims to explain how antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides is affected by...
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Synergistic effects in micellization and surface tension reduction in nonionic gemini S-10 and cationic RTAB surfactants mixtures
PublicationMixtures of nonionic gemini surfactant S-10 (α,α′-[2,4,7,9-tetrametyl-5-decyne-4,7-diyl]bis[ω-hydroxy -polioxyetylene] with cationic alkyltrimethylammonium bromides of different alkyl chain length (RTAB) were investigated. Basing on surface tension measurements the cmc values and other adsorption parameters were found. The Clint, Rubing’s and Rosen theories were applied for evaluation of the synergistic effects in mixed films and...
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Incorporating installation effects into the probability analysis of controlled modulus columns
PublicationThis technical report presents the probabilistic analysis which integrates the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) with random field theory to model the load–displacement behavior of Controlled Modulus Columns (CMCs) in overconsolidated Poznań clay. Presented study focuses on the practical aspects of statistical analysis of geotechnical data, numerical model development, and results evaluation. Variability and spatial distribution of...
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Betaine and L-carnitine ester bromides: Synthesis and comparative study of their thermal behaviour and surface activity
PublicationSix esters of both betaine and L-carnitine bromides, featuring alkyl groups ranging from C8 to C18 in length, have been synthesized. The thermal behaviour of these twelve bio-based salts has been analyzed and compared by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The L-carnitine alkyl ester bromides melted below 100 C and can hence be considered ionic liquids (ILs) with full rights. Conversely, the betaine...
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Surface active fatty acid ILs: Influence of the hydrophobic tail and/or theimidazolium hydroxyl functionalization on aggregates formation
PublicationNine structurally-related fatty acid ionic liquids have been prepared and their thermal behavior as well as their ability to self-assemble in water has been investigated. The thermal properties were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the aggregation behavior was analyzed by tensiometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), conductometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS),...
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A New Approach to the PWM Modulation for the Multiphase Matrix Converters Supplying Loads with Open-End Winding.
PublicationThis article presents three variants of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the Double Square Multiphase type Conventional Matrix Converters (DSM-CMC) supplying loads with the open-end winding. The first variant of PWM offers the ability to obtain zero value of the common-mode voltage at the load's terminals and applies only six switches within the modulation period. The second proposal archives for less Total Harmonic Distortion...
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FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and HT-XRD in compatibility study between naproxen and excipients
PublicationDetection of incompatibility between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipients, including the selection of the most biopharmaceutical advantageous excipients is extremely important in the pre-formulation process of developing a solid dosage form technology. Therefore, having fast and reliable methods for identifying incompatibility is fundamental in pharmaceutical technology. For this purpose, combined Fourier transform...