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Search results for: flood modeling
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Application of different building representation techniques in HEC-RAS 2-D for urban flood modeling using the Toce River experimental case
PublicationThis paper presents the impact of the choice of building representation techniques and hydrodynamic models on urban flood simulations using HEC-RAS 2-D for the Toce River physical model. To this end, eight numerical models based on previous laboratory experiments were prepared to simulate unsteady urban flooding on each side of building units. Two simplified building layouts (aligned and staggered) were examined, where models were...
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Two dimensional modeling of the flood zones in the Vistula river valley in Warsaw
PublicationPrzedstawiono metodę numerycznego wyznaczania stref zagrożenia powodziowego. Transformację fali powodziowej symulowano, używając dwuwymiarowych równań de Saint-Venanta. Zasięg zalewu i strefy zagrożenia powodziowego przedstawiono w systemie GIS. Wykonano analizę zagrożenia powodziowego w dolinie Wisły w Warszawie.
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An advanced tool integrating failure and sensitivity analysis into novel modeling of the stormwater flood volume
PublicationAn innovative tool for modeling the specific flood volume was presented that can be applied to assess the need for stormwater network modernization as well as for advanced flood risk assessment. Field measurements for a catchment area in Kielce, Poland, were used to apply the model and demonstrate its usefulness. This model extends the capability of recently developed statistical and machine learning hydrodynamic models developed...
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MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FLOOD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF GDAŃSK, ORUŃSKI STREAM CASE STUDY
PublicationAim of the study This study analyses the efficiency of flood protection in a small urban catchment, based on a system of small reservoirs. Material and methods To assess the flood routing and surge reduction, a mathematical model of the river catchment was implemented. This was a lumped hydrological model, based on the SCS-CN method. Channel routing was performed, using kinematic wave equation. The sub-catchments have been determined...
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Free surface flow modeling in numerical estimation of flood risk zones: a case study
PublicationNa przykładzie doliny Wisły w Warszawie przedstawiono metodę wyznaczenia stref zagrożenia powodziowego. Symulowana numerycznie powódź wywołana została potencjalnym przerwaniem obwałowania rzeki w okolicach Saskiej Kępy. Do obliczeń zastosowano opracowany w Katedrze Hydrotechniki Wydziału Inżynierii Lądowej i Środowiska Politechniki Gdańskiej model dwuwymiarowego, płaskiego przepływu wody ze swobodną powierzchnią.
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GIS-based hydrodynamic modeling for urban flood mitigation in fast-growing regions: a case study of Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublicationFloods threaten urban infrastructure, especially in residential neighborhoods and fast-growing regions. Flood hydrodynamic modeling helps identify flood-prone locations and improve mitigation plans' resilience. Urban floods pose special issues due to changing land cover and a lack of raw data. Using a GIS-based modeling interface, input files for the hydrodynamic model were developed. The physical basin's properties were identified...
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Urban flash flood hazard identification and assessment applying geospatial techniques and hydrodynamic modeling; Erbil city case study, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublicationThis dissertation aims to investigate the factors behind flash flooding in Erbil's central district, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and develop a methodology for assessing flood hazards in the city, despite limited data accessibility. In this thesis, each factor was investigated, including analyzing extreme precipitation events in the last two decades, including their spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, intensity,...
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Hazards of a flooding event in the city of Gdansk and possible forms of preventing the phenomenon – case study
PublicationThe main objective is to examine the urban flood hazard in the city of Gdansk and to determine the possibilities of preventing this phenomenon. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling was used for the case study analysis of urban flood in Strzyża basin, applying the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS systems. The result of modeling with the assumption of torrential rainfall with a duration of t = 1 h (from 35 to 58 mm) is the probability of pluvial...
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Numerical Simulation of Catastrophic Flood: the Case Study of Hypothetical Failure of the Bielkowo Hydro–Power Plant Reservoir
PublicationThe numerical modeling of flood wave propagation following the hypo-thetical breaks of the embankments of the Bielkowo hydro–power plant storage reservoir (Kolbudy II Reservoir) on the Radunia River in Poland have been presented. The results of computations were used to estimate the parameters of the flood waves, which are indispensable for the flood zone determination and mapping and then for the flood risk analysis. When estimating...
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Flood Modelling and Risk Analysis of Cinan Feizuo Flood Protection Area, Huaihe River Basin
PublicationThis study evaluated multiple aspects of flood risks and effects on the Cinan Feizuo flood protection area in the Huaihe River basin. Flooding remains a leading problem for infrastructure, especially in urban, residential areas of the region. Effective flood modeling for urbanized floodplains is challenging, but MIKE (ID-2D) is paramount for analyzing and quantifying the risk in the vulnerable region. The Saint-Venant equation...
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Stormwater and snowmelt runoff storage control and flash flood hazard forecasting in the urbanized coastal basin.
PublicationCity of Gdańsk is located in a coastal region where changing climatic conditions increase the frequency of extreme weather events. Developing urbanization affects the hydrology of natural basins by simplification of the drainage system and reduction of infiltration and base flow. Consequently greater runoff rates flow into storm water collection systems, reservoirs and surrounding water bodies. Not only infrastructures of urban...
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Stormwater runoff in the urbanized coastal basin of Gdańsk Urbanized basin of Gdańsk
PublicationAnthropopressure strongly affects the primal water cycle. Alternation of the natural basins imposes changes of drainage patterns, reduction of bioretention, infiltration and base flow. As a result the overland flow predominates and greater runoff rates flow into storm water collection systems and reservoirs. Moreover changing climatic conditions increase the frequency of rapid extreme weather events. Infrastructures of urban areas...
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Modeling of Ice Phenomena in the Mouth of the Vistula River
PublicationThe mouth of the Vistula River, which is a river outlet located in tideless area, is analyzed. The Vistula River mouth is a man-made, artificial channel which was built in the 19th century in order to prevent the formation of ice jams in the natural river delta. Since the artificial river outlet was constructed, no severe ice-related flood risk situations have ever occurred. However, periodic ice-related phenomena still have an impact...
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SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN RESERVOIRS IN URBAN BASIN
PublicationIn recent years Gdańsk had sustained economic and social losses due to severe flash floods coming down from moraine hills. The first flood occurred in July 2001 and the second in July 2016. Both events were caused by intense and long rainfall characterized by different from each other rain intensity in time. Among other Gdansk’s streams the Oliwski Stream has the most extended flood protection system consist of 15 small retention...
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Lax-Wendroff and McCormack Schemes for Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Gradually and Rapidly Varied Open Channel Flow
PublicationTwo explicit schemes of the finite difference method are presented and analyzed in the paper. The applicability of the Lax-Wendroff and McCormack schemes for modeling unsteady rapidly and gradually varied open channel flow is investigated. For simulation of the transcritical flow the original and improved McCormack scheme is used. The schemes are used for numerical solution of one dimensional Saint-Venant equations describing free...
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Influence of the air phase on water flow in dikes
PublicationNumerical models are often used to describe flow and deformation processes occurring in dikes during flood events. Modeling of such phenomena is a challenging task, due to the complexity of the system, consisting of three material phases: soil skeleton, pore water and pore air. Additional difficulties are transient loading caused by variable in time water levels, heterogeneity of the soil or air...
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Hydrodynamic Model of the New Waterway through the Vistula Spit
PublicationThe decision to build a new waterway (strait) in the Polish part of the Vistula Spit was made in 2017. The new connection between the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon is planned as an artificial navigable channel with a lock and a small port. During storm surges and wind tides in the gulf or in the lagoon, sluicing will be re-quired for vessels to tackle the Vistula Spit. This procedure does not require significant water flow...
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Mathematical Modeling of Ice Dynamics as a Decision Support Tool in River Engineering
PublicationThe prediction of winter flooding is a complicated task since it is affected by many meteorological and hydraulic factors. Typically, information on river ice conditions is based on historical observations, which are usually incomplete. Recently, data have been supplemented by information extracted from satellite images. All the above mentioned factors provide a good background of the characteristics of ice processes, but are not...
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Numerical Simulations of Seepage in Dikes Using unsaturated and Two-Phase Flow Models
PublicationModeling of water flow in variably saturated porous media, including flood dikes, is often based on the Richards equation, which neglects the flow of pore air, assuming that it remains at constant atmospheric pressure. However, there is also evidence that the air flow can be important, especially when the connectivity between the pore air and atmospheric air is lost. In such cases a full two-phase air-water flow model should be...
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Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective
PublicationThe assessment and mapping of riverine flood hazards and risks is recognized by many countries as an important tool for characterizing floods and developing flood management plans. Often, however, these management plans give attention primarily to open-water floods, with ice-jam floods being mostly an afterthought once these plans have been drafted. In some Nordic regions, ice-jam floods can be more severe than open-water floods,...
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Flood risk assessment for office and services building Alchemia II at Al. Grunwaldzka 409 in Gdansk.
PublicationThe aim of the study is to assess the risk of flood from natural meteorological and hy-drological phenomena, for office and services building Alchemia II in Gdansk at Al. Grun-waldzka 409. The project includes the analysis of potential sources of floods in Gdansk re-garding the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Gdansk, the Vistula River basin and excessive rainfall and snowmelt waters being a significant element of hydrological processes...
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From Data to Decision: Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Flood Susceptibility in Gdańsk, Poland
PublicationFlood susceptibility prediction is complex due to the multifaceted interactions among hydrological, meteorological, and urbanisation factors, further exacerbated by climate change. This study addresses these complexities by investigating flood susceptibility in rapidly urbanising regions prone to extreme weather events, focusing on Gdańsk, Poland. Three popular ML techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and...
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Selected elements of the methodology and method of designing amphibious flood rescue vehicles
PublicationThe methodology of designing amphibious flood rescue vehicles at the preliminary stage of the design process has been presented. The study has been focused on the properties of such vehicles when afloat, with their on-land behaviour and performance characteristics having been left aside. In the study, a general assumption has been made that the amphibious flood rescue vehicles should be designed as, above all, watercraft that additionally...
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Geographic Information System for Flood Hazard Analysis and Early Warning Using Numerical Weather Predictions
PublicationFloods are a phenomenon which causes significant losses of lives as well as property damage, which in turn severely impact the local economy. The nature of a flooding has been well researched, and several methods of flood hazard simulation have been established over the last decades. The current legislation in the European Union requires the Member States to create, maintain and update flood risk and hazard maps, as well as identify...
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Computationally Effcient Solution of a 2D Diffusive Wave Equation Used for Flood Inundation Problems
PublicationThis paper presents a study dealing with increasing the computational efficiency in modeling floodplain inundation using a two-dimensional diffusive wave equation. To this end, the domain decomposition technique was used. The resulting one-dimensional diffusion equations were approximated in space with the modified finite element scheme, whereas time integration was carried out using the implicit two-level scheme. The proposed...
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Floodsar: Automatic mapping of river flooding extent from multitemporal SAR imagery
PublicationFloodsar is an open-source tool for automatic mapping of the flood extent from a time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Floodsar is unsupervised, however, it requires defining the parameters search space, geographical area of interest, and some river gauge observations (e.g. water levels or discharges) time series that overlap temporarily with the SAR imagery. Applications of Floodsar are mainly in real-time monitoring...
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Mapping of Flood-Prone Areas Utilizing GIS Techniques and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublicationOne of the most common types of natural disaster, floods can happen anywhere on Earth, except in the polar regions. The severity of the damage caused by flooding can be reduced by putting proper management and protocols into place. Using remote sensing and a geospatial methodology, this study attempts to identify flood-vulnerable areas of the central district of Duhok, Iraq. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was...
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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A FLOOD WAVE PROPAGATION ON THE KACZA RIVER IN GDYNIA IN NORTHERN POLAND
PublicationKacza river is located in northern Poland in the neighborhood of the Gulf of Gdansk and the Baltic Sea. A Kacza having length of 15 km and catchment area of 53 km2 collects the water into the Gulf mostly from inhabited and forested areas within the administrative boundaries of the city of Gdynia. On the 14th and 15th of July 2016 in northern Poland on the large area of Tri-City agglomeration (Gdynia, Gdansk and Sopot) total daily...
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FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN URBAN BASINS OF THE CITY OF GDAŃSK
PublicationOver the last years, the City of Gdańsk suffers twice from flash floods. Both events were caused by intense storms which produced significant surface runoff and caused inundation private and cities properties. The first case of July 2001 flood [3], [9] was the turning point for the city authorities, who decide to look close on the flood management in small urban catchments. The aim of research projects was to establish technical...
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Impact of new, navigable canal through the Vistula spit on the hydrologic balance of the Vistula lagoon (Baltic Sea)
PublicationThe object of research - the Vistula Lagoon is one of the two lagoons on the Polish coast, which is of great importance not only from an economic point of view, but also an environmental one. The purpose of the paper is to provide calculations on the current water balance for the Vistula Lagoon, before and after construction of a canal through the Vistula Spit. This is important because the construction of a new connection between...
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Impact of polder flood plain of the Cisowska Struga on the transformation of flood waves between Gdynia and Rumia
PublicationThe paper presents the results of hydraulic calculations (numerical simulations), which were made to investigate the role of floodplain (polder) adjacent to the left bank of Cisowska Struga in Gdynia downstream Hutnicza St. in the process of retention and transformation of flood waves occurring in this river due to torrential rainfall. The paper also addressed the issue of the impact of potential changes in the development of the...
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Preliminary study on icebreaking operation on the Middle and Lower Odra River
PublicationThe Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project (OVFMP) is implemented with the assistance of international financial institutions, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Council of Europe Development Bank, as well as with the support of funding from the Cohesion Fund and the state budget. Aside from others, the objective of the OVFMP is to increase flood protection for people living in selected areas...
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Hydraulic analysis of causes of washout of Gdynia-Orłowo seashore during the flood in the Kacza river estuary
PublicationIn July 2016 in the Three-city agglomeration a rainfall episode of over a day duration and 150 mm summary rainfall height, occurred. This situation, extreme as for Polish conditions, caused significant freshets in rivers and streams running into Gdansk Bay, the Baltic Sea, and serving as collectors of rainfall waters for the sea-coast towns. In many areas of the Three-city flood phenomena and overflows took place. The flood also...
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River flow simulation based on the HEC-RAS system
PublicationThis work considers the problem of river floods, and presents a computer solution that can be used to predict such a threat. The basic tool, called Hydrologic Engineering Centers for River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), and created by the US Army Corps of Engineering, is well developed; and the models created in the system HEC-RAS are quite realistic. For the purpose of solving practical national flood problems, simplified static and...
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River Flow Simulation Based on the HEC-RAS System
PublicationThis work considers the problem of river floods, and presents a computer solution that can be used to predict such a threat. The basic tool, called Hydrologic Engineering Centers for River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), and created by the US Army Corps of Engineering, is well developed; and the models created in the system HEC-RAS are quite realistic. For the purpose of solving practical national flood problems, simplified static and...
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Optimized Deep Learning Model for Flood Detection Using Satellite Images
PublicationThe increasing amount of rain produces a number of issues in Kerala, particularly in urban regions where the drainage system is frequently unable to handle a significant amount of water in such a short duration. Meanwhile, standard flood detection results are inaccurate for complex phenomena and cannot handle enormous quantities of data. In order to overcome those drawbacks and enhance the outcomes of conventional flood detection...
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Change in Heavy Metals Concentrations in Sediments Deposited in Retention Tanks in a Stream after a Flood
PublicationOur paper presents the results of heavy metal (HM) (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) content in bottom sediments from retention tanks along Oliwa Stream in Gdańsk, Poland, before a flood (BF) and after a flood (AF) 14-15 July 2016. The flood had a huge impact on the quality of bottom sediments and their displacement. The concentrations of HM differed significantly for research series conducted 3 months BF and 8 months AF. The concentration of Cu...
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Scenario-planning solutions for waterfront flood-prone areas
PublicationThe aim of this article is to discuss the potential of applying scenario planning to achieve resilient and future-oriented solutions for flood-prone areas. The authors have proposed additions to scenario-planning processes based on the introduction of research-by-design architectural inquiries. Examined in this article is the insight into the testing of such a modified scenario-planning methodology during two courses that accompanied...
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Flood Classification in a Natural Wetland for Early Spring Conditions Using Various Polarimetric SAR Methods
PublicationAbstract--- One of the major limitations of remote sensing flood detection is the presence of vegetation. Our study focuses on a flood classification using Radarsat-2 Quad-Pol data in a natural floodplain during leafless, dry vegetation (early spring) state. We conducted a supervised classification of a data set composed of nine polarimetric decompositions and Shannon entropy followed by the predictors' importance estimation to...
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Integrated model for the fast assessment of flood volume: Modelling – management, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
PublicationThe specific flood volume is an important criterion for assessing the performance of sewage networks. It has been shown that its value is greatly influenced by the layout of the sewers in the catchment area, which is usually expressed by a fractal dimension. Currently, only mechanistic models (such as SWMM) enable the determination of the impact of the layout of the sewers on flooding volume, but they require additional and robust...
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Possible uses of crisis situation aiding system in virtual world simulation
PublicationMany of the real world crisis situations like spreading fire, hostile units attack, flood, and etc. are commonly used in computer games where a simulation of extensive virtual world is crucial. This paper presents some ideas for possible uses of existing crisis situation aiding system in such environments. Moreover it shows how this kind of system can be taught during subsequent games with a large number of players.
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Possible uses of crisis situation aiding system in virtual world simulation
PublicationMany of the real world crisis situations like spreading fire, hostile units attack, flood, and etc. are commonly used in computer games where a simulation of extensive virtual world is crucial. This paper presents some ideas for possible uses of existing crisis situation aiding system in such environments. Moreover, it shows how this kind of system can be taught during subsequent games with a large number of players. As an example...
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The consequences of applying a new Polish Water Law Act for protection against urban flooding
PublicationPrevious legal regulations did not create conditions for a comprehensive solution to the problems of the urban melioration complex. For over 20 years, urban flooding caused by atmospheric precipitation has been systematically recurring in Poland. The article was elaborated on the experience resulting from the 2001 and 2016 floods in Gdansk (Poland). The newly adopted Water Law Act creates a foundation for a systemic solution...
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SafeCity – a GIS-based tool profiled for supporting decision making in urban development and infrastructure protection
PublicationThis paper presents a system for analysis of municipal Critical Infrastructures, which offers integrated tools for target analysis, hazard scenario simulations and spatial analysis within a remotely accessible Web-based Geographic Information System. The system has been applied to research conducted in the city of Gdansk with the aid of blast attack, chemical leakage and flood hazard scenarios, as well as a spatial density algorithm,...
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Hydropower potential of the lower Vistula
PublicationThis paper presents an estimate analysis of the hydropower potential of the lower Vistula River from Warsaw to Gdańsk Bay. The calculations were made for a hydraulic model of the lower Vistula which takes into account potential development of barrages in a cascade system. Results obtained from the model simulations and from hydrological calculations were used to estimate the power of hydropower plants and the average annual energy...
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Stability analysis of a dike constructed of anthropogenic materials
PublicationNumerical analyses of stability are presented for a hypothetical dikes constructed of dredged materials and bottom ash, in varying proportions. The paper is related to the international research project DredgDikes, which focused on the use of anthropogenic materials in dikes construction and flood protection. The aim of this project was to investigate the possibility of using anthropogenic materials from rivers and sea dredging...
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Flood Routing by the Non-Linear Muskingum Model: Conservation of Mass and Momentum
PublicationIn this paper, the conservative properties of the Muskingum equation, commonly applied to solve river flood routing, are analysed. The aim of this analysis is to explain the causes ofthe mass balance error, which is observed in the numerical solutions of its non-linear form. The linear Muskingum model has been considered as a semi-discrete form of the kinematic wave equation and therefore it was possible to derive its two non-linear...
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INCREASING THE COUNTRY'S SECURITY AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY BY CREATING A NETWORK OF SMALL AIRPORTS
PublicationIt has been shown that by creating a network of small airports, it is possible to increase the communication accessibility of large population groups and the country's security, including safety at sea. The airports mentioned above may also be located on land considered to be weak from an engineering point of view. These include, for example, wetlands, swamps, flood embankments, poor coastal belt grounds, and reclaimed land. A...
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Potentials of Water Usage in urban Neighbourhood Structures
PublicationThis paper will treat about water influence and possibility of its usage in the urban neighborhood structures (e.g. districts, real estate properties, town parts) in the context of actual regional environmental problems and according to directories determined by European targets. It is not rare yet in the basic stage of urban design that water is treated as a threat, not a chance. In result planned structures are often built,...
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Impact of the Artificial Strait in the Vistula Spit on the Hydrodynamics of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea)
PublicationIn the Vistula Lagoon, storm surges are induced by variable sea levels in the Gulf of Gdańsk and wind action. The rising of the water level in the southern part of the basin, exceeding 1.0 m above mean sea level, can be dangerous for the lowland area of Żuławy Elbląskie, causing the inundation of the polders adjacent to the lagoon. One of the potential possibilities to limit the flood risk is to decrease the water level in the...