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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: PUMP LOAD, RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS, FUEL OIL
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Deep eutectic solvents based highly efficient extractive desulfurization of fuels – Eco-friendly approach
PublikacjaThe developed process is based on alternative, green and cheap solvents for efficient desulfurization of fuels. Several deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were successfully synthesized and studied as extraction solvents for desulfurization of model fuel containing thiophene (T), benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT). The most important extraction parameters (i.e. kind of DES, DES: fuel volume ratio, hydrogen bond acceptor:...
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Thermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal using the rotary kiln pyrolyzer and the fluidized bed boiler – The performance of pilot-scale installation
PublikacjaThermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) is subject to stringent regulations that are meant to provide elimination of any potential pathogens. Incineration as well as other possible routes for thermal conversion of MBM are still at the research state. The universal technology was developed that allows to combust various types of waste organic materials, including animal waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, mixed at any...
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Methods of liquid biofuels production - the bioethanol example.
PublikacjaEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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METHODS OF LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION – THE BIOETHANOL EXAMPLE
PublikacjaEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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Implementacja pomierzonych imperfekcji geometrycznych powłokicylindrycznej do modelu obliczeniowego
PublikacjaThis paper presents the method of implementation of the geometrical imperfections used by the author during the experimental and numerical research into the load-carrying capacity of cylindrical steel shells subjected to uniform circumferential compression.
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Experimental study of the multi-disc negative brake for a hydraulic motor
PublikacjaThis paper describes the methodology for experimental testing of a multi-disc brake. The construction of this brake was also present. The brake is dedicated to hydraulic motors with a small working volume. Experimental tests were carried out on a brake with plates immersed in oil and, for comparison, tests were carried out on a dry brake. As a result of the tests, the permissible torque (load) that is able to transfer the brake...
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Fault Diagnostics in PEMFC Stacks by Evaluation of Local Performance and Cell Impedance Analysis
PublikacjaStarvation, flooding, and dry‐out phenomena occur in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to heterogeneous local conditions, material inhomogeneity, and uneven flow distribution across the single cell active area and in between the individual cells. The impact of the load level and air feed conditions on the performance was identified for individual single cells within a 10‐cell stack. Analysis of the current density...
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Labour share and income inequalities in the European Union, taking into account the level of development of economies
Publikacjaesearch background: The relationship between labour share and income inequality is a complex and multifaceted problem. Despite ongoing discussions among economists, there is still no consensus on the direction of the relationship between labour share and income ine-quality. Purpose of the article: The article aims to assess the impact of labour share on income inequal-ity, which is measured in three ways: the Gini index...
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Preload monitoring in a bolted joint using Lamb wave energy
PublikacjaThe knowledge of the load in prestressed bolted connections is essential for the proper operation and safety of engineering structures. Recently, bolted joints have become an area of intensive research associated with non-destructive diagnostics, in particular in the context of wave propagation techniques. In this paper, a novel procedure of bolt load estimation based on the energy of Lamb wave signals was proposed. Experimental...
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The effectivness of fault detection in common rail injectors examination methods
PublikacjaThe article presents the effectiveness tests of fault detection in common rail injectors. 40 injectors with different wear levels were tested. Testing was made on two test benches of a completely different design. Research includes comparison of accuracy, reproducibility and testability to detect specific defects. A device was created for visualization of the fuel injector spraying steam.
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ANALYSIS OF BRACE STIFFNESS INFLUENCE ON STABILITY OF THE TRUSS
PublikacjaThe paper is devoted to the numerical and experimental research of stability of a truss with side elastic supports at the top chord. The structure is a model of a real roof truss scaled by factor ¼. The linear buckling analysis and non-linear static analysis were carried out. The buckling length factor for the compressed top chord was calculated and the limit load for the imperfect truss shell model with respect to brace stiffness...
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Tribological model of porous bearings with particular attention given to the lubricant lubricity
PublikacjaThe friction and wear problems, accompanying all the tribological systems, lead to reduced service life. In order to prevent such situation, it is necessary to maintain fluid friction, which improves durability of all friction nodes in a tribological system. In the paper, the tribological system consists of porous bearings and the model deals with their weakest spots - the oil outflow points in the porous wall. A kinetic model...
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The experimental research on RC columns, loaded at sign-variable eccentricity
PublikacjaThe research focuses on testing the behaviour of the reinforced concrete columns compressed at a variable eccentricity. The fact of possible variable eccentricity in compressed columns is not considered in the current calculation procedures. The objective of the research was to examine whether indeed the load history has no impact and whether the reinforced concrete columns compressed at eccentric of variable sign could be analysed...
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Pilot installation for thermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal using the rotary kiln pyrolyzer and the fluidised bed boiler
PublikacjaThe technology of thermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) is still at the research state. However, there are already a number of existing pilot-scale installations that provide the complete, effective and environmentally safe process conducting. The universal technology was developed that allows to combust various types of waste, including animal waste, municipal waste and sludge, mixed at any ratio with different types...
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Experimental research on water lubricated marine stern tube bearings in conditions of improper lubrication and cooling causing rapid bush wear
PublikacjaWater lubricated bearings are popular in sliding bearings of marine propeller shafts, turbines and pump shafts. Such popularity is partly due to their simple construction which also means a relatively affordable price. In practical experience one may also observe cases of rapid wear or even malfunctions of this bearings, some of which may be caused by insufficient flow of lubricant leading to overheating. The conducted...
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Underfrequency Load Shedding: An Innovative Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic
PublikacjaIn contemporary power systems, the load shedding schemes are typically based on disconnecting a pre-specified amount of load after the frequency drops below a predetermined value. The actual conditions at the time of disturbance may largely dier from the assumptions, which can lead to non-optimal or ineective operation of the load shedding scheme. For many years, increasing the eectiveness of the underfrequency load shedding (UFLS)...
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Influence of Properties of Hydraulic Fluid on Pressure Peaks in Axial Piston Pumps’ Chambers
PublikacjaThe article concentrates on the research of the pressure peaks in a working chamber of an axial piston pump. The main focus of the article is the influence of fluid properties on the pressure peaks value. Experimental and analytical methods were used to determine the impact of the fluid density, viscosity, compressibility and aeration. The article describes the pressure peak generation process and explains the theoretical basis...
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RAPESEED PELLET - A BYPRODUCT OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION - AS AN EXCELLENT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
PublikacjaVegetable oils are renewable feedstock currently being used for production of biofuels from sustainable biomass resources. The existing technology for producing diesel fuel from plant oils, such as rapeseed, soybean, canola and palm oil are largely centered on transesterification of oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel. Rapeseed pellet - crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a byproduct...
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Research on flue gas flow measurement and modelling in the moving grate biomass boiler
PublikacjaThe aim of this research was to determine the nature of gas flow in a grate boiler model by the method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and CFD. The paper presents the comparison of the PIV results with numerical simulations made in the environment of ANSYS Fluent. The main goal of the experiment was to describe the phenomena occurring on the grate. Methodology of modelling solid fuel combustion on the moving grate was proposed...
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Cargo ships heat demand - operational experiment
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of an experiment conducted on two cargo ships – a 5300 TEU container with a steam heating system and a 7500 dwt general cargo ship with a thermal oil system. On both ships research has been carried out using specially designed measuring equipment. After gathering data about flow velocity and temperatures (steam/ cooling water/ thermal oil/ seawater/ outside air), calculations have been done, resulting...
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Stability of trusses with linear elastic side-supports
PublikacjaThe present research is devoted to study of a lateral buckling of truss with linear elastic side supports. The elastic support reaction in relation to force in compressed chord and coefficient of buckling length related to side support distance are also calculated. The effect of slope of side support on limit force is also considered. The nonlinear analysis of two roof trusses are carried out. The results are compared to design...
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Sustainable development requires risky decisions - problematic 300 ton overweight transport passing a bridge
PublikacjaOversize load passages over bridges are one of the research issues related to sustainable development that engineering and scientific teams around the world have to deal with . The article presents the scope of activities that enabled the passage of an oversized vehicle with a total weight of over 300 tons over a reinforced concrete slab. The bridge load capacity is 30 tons. In order to assess the capacity of the bridge, detailed...
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Analysis of the structure of the atomized fuel spray with marine diesel engine injector in the early stage of injection
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of the experimental research of the atomized fuel spray with the marine diesel engine injector in the constant volume chamber. The specificity of the phenomena occurring in the marine engine cylinder was the reason to use the optical visualisation method in the studies – the Mie scattering technique. This work presents an analysis of the influence of different geometry of outlet orifice and opening...
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Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals, missing process data and economic feasibility – A review
PublikacjaThe present review emphasizes the role of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and acoustic cavitation in clean and green technologies for selected fuels (of hydrocarbon origins such as gasoline, naphtha, diesel, heavy oil, and crude oil) processing applications including biodiesel production. Herein, the role of cavitation reactors, their geometrical parameters, physicochemical properties of liquid media, liquid oxidants, catalyst loading,...
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Buckling analysis of a non-concentric double-walled carbon nanotube
PublikacjaOn the basis of a theoretical study, this research incorporates an eccentricity into a system of compressed double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). In order to formulate the stability equations, a kinematic displacement with reference to the classical beam hypothesis is utilized. Furthermore, the influence of nanoscale size is taken into account with regard to the nonlocal approach of strain gradient and the van der Waals interaction...
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STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRUSS WITH SLOPING ELASTIC BRACES
PublikacjaSteel trusses have a much greater strength and stiffness in their plane than out of their plane, and therefore should be braced against lateral deflection and twisting. Such elements like purlins apart from bearing vertical load are part of bracing that stabilize roof trusses against distortional buckling. The stability of trusses with elastic bracing was investigated in an experimental research. Braces situated at some angle measured...
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50’ Sail Catamaran with Hybrid Propulsion, Design, Theoretical and Experimental Studies
PublikacjaThe development of modern lithium batteries and propulsion systems now allows the use of complex propulsion systems for vessels of various sizes. As part of the research and implementation project, a parallel hybrid drive system was designed, built and then tested in the laboratory. The experimental studies conducted allowed for the measurements of power, fuel consumption and electric power distribution in various operating modes...
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Recent advances in hydrogen production from biomass waste with a focus on pyrolysis and gasification
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results research on the optimal fuel compositions and the control parameters of the spark ignition engine fueled with syngas-biogas-hydrogen for the purpose of setting up a flexible electronic control unit for the engine working in a solar-biomass hybrid renewable energy system. In syngas-biogas-hydrogen mixture, the optimal content of hydrogen and biogas is 20% and 30%, respectively. Exceeding these thresholds,...
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Flexible syngas-biogas-hydrogen fueling spark-ignition engine behaviors with optimized fuel compositions and control parameters
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results research on the optimal fuel compositions and the control parameters of the spark ignition engine fueled with syngas-biogas-hydrogen for the purpose of setting up a flexible electronic control unit for the engine working in a solar-biomass hybrid renewable energy system. In syngas-biogas-hydrogen mixture, the optimal content of hydrogen and biogas is 20% and 30%, respectively. Exceeding these thresholds,...
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The use of GFRP tubes as load-bearing jackets in concrete-composite columns
PublikacjaThe paper presents the fields of applications of polymer composites in building structures. The use of composite glass fibre tubes is discussed in more detail. The laboratory methods used to test the mechanical properties of these pipes are presented. An original research program is presented, including six concrete-filled glass fibre tubes. The cylinders and columns made in this way were tested for their axial load capacity. Conclusions...
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Experimental research on over-laminated steel sandwich panel connection to determine the form of fatigue failure
PublikacjaThe novel means of transport need to meet rising both the economic and ecologic requirements. In recent years the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced new measure of ship energy efficiency (the EEDI index), as well as new regulations regarding higher quality of fuel (so called Tier limits). It resulted in much higher interest of the technological development of ships. One of the solution having great potential is...
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Ocena sprawności cyklu roboczego Pojazdu do Usuwania Odpadów z Pojemników na podstawie danych eksploatacyjnych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiona została metoda oceny sprawności cyklu roboczego śmieciarki. Wykorzystując dane eksploatacyjne wyznaczono dwa reprezentatywne cykle i na ich podstawie obliczono zarówno sprawność całego cyklu, jak i jego poszczególnych faz. Porównano wartości energii potrzebnej do opróżniania pojemników, energii do zagęszczania odpadów oraz energii z paliwa. Przedstawiono przebiegi mierzonych i obliczonych wartości w czasie...
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Assessment of Fuel Cells’ State of Health by Low-Frequency Noise Measurements
PublikacjaWe proposed applying low-frequency (flicker) noise in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells under selected loads to assess their state of health. The measurement set-up comprised a precise data acquisition board and was able to record the DC voltage and its random component at the output. The set-up estimated the voltage noise power spectral density at frequencies up to a few hundred mHz. We observed the evolution of the electrical...
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Evaluation of the efficiency of the duty cycle of refuse collection vehicle based on real-world data
PublikacjaIn this paper a method of the efficiency evaluation of the duty cycle of Refuse Collection Vehicle is presented. Using real world data, two representative duty cycles were analysed. Total cycle efficiency was calculated, as well as the efficiency of particular cycle phases. Then, energy needed to collect and compact the waste and energy from fuel were compared. Measured and calculated values were shown on the diagrams illustrating...
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Losses and power balance in hydraulic satellite motor supplied with oil and HFA-E emulsion
PublikacjaMineral oil and HFA-E emulsion are liquids which differ in viscosity, density and lubricant properties. Therefore, supplying hydraulic satellite motor with these liquids, differences between quantity of hydraulic, volumetric and mechanical losses are observed. These losses influence efficiency of conversion of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and thereby power balance of motor. The research of satellite motor has been conducted...
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Application of subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands to reject water treatment in dairy wastewater treatment plant
PublikacjaThe paper presents the effects of applying subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands (SS VF) for the treatment of reject water generated in the process of aerobic sewage sludge stabilization in the biggest dairy wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Poland. Two SS VF beds were built: bed (A) with 0.65 m depth and bed (B) with 1.0 m depth, planted with reeds. Beds were fed with reject water with hydraulic load of 0.1 m d-1 in...
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APPLICATION OF THE HIGH FREQUENCY LINEARIZATION OF THE EAR IN PATIENTS WITH TINNITUS . Metoda linearyzacji narządu słuchu u osób cierpiących z szumami usznymi
PublikacjaThis paper summarises the problem of tinnitus, hypotheses on its causes and the treatment methods. Moreover, a hypothesis on tinnitus origins is explained, based on the mechanisms of the analog-to-digital conversion and quantization. In addition, this paper describes methods of determining the acoustic intensity and spectra of low- level ultrasonic signals, as well as impedance characteristics of an ultrasound transducer. Furthermore,...
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EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DLC/STEEL SLIDING CONTACTS’ OPERATIONAL ENVELOPE
PublikacjaIn an industrial project concerning sliding bearings, a sliding pair was selected of high alloy steel vs. industrial grade DLC coated high alloy steel as a basis for an innovative design of high performance sliding bearings lubricated with a synthetic oil for use in geared transmission units. The development process required credible data on the ultimate resistance of the sliding pair to very high contact stress. An experimental...
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Digital Gaps and Economic Inequalities in MENA Countries: An Empirical Investigation
PublikacjaThis research contributes to the present state of the art by examining changes in cross-country inequalities in digital technologies deployment and economic performance. Our empirical target builds on the hypothesis that rapid global diffusion of digital technologies unequivocally leads to gradual eradication of cross-country digital gaps and cross-country inequalities in terms of deployment of ICT; the technology convergence occurs....
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An unorthodox view on the problem of tracking facial expressions
PublikacjaRecent developments in imaging cameras has opened a new way of analyzing facial expression. We would like to take advantage from this new technology and present a method of imaging and processing images of human face as a response to the particular stimuli. The response in this case is represented by the facial expressions and the stimuli are still images representing six basic emotions according to Eckmann. Working hypothesis...
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An unorthodox view on the problem of tracking facial expressions
PublikacjaRecent developments in imaging cameras has opened a new way of analyzing facial expression. We would like to take advantage from this new technology and present a method of imaging and processing images of human face as a response to the particular stimuli. The response in this case is represented by the facial expressions and the stimuli are still images representing six basic emotions according to Eckmann. Working hypothesis...
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Stock price reactions to an arrangement approval in restructuring proceedings – the case of Poland
PublikacjaThe study aims to empirically analyze the reaction of stock prices to the information about the conclusion and acceptance of a debtor–creditor arrangement under restructuring proceedings of companies listed on the stock exchange in Poland. The following main research hypothesis was verified: public disclosure of information about an arrangement conclusion and acceptance in restructuring proceedings...
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Diagnosis of bearing damage in induction motors by instantaneous power analysis
PublikacjaResearch of the machine with simulated bearing damages has been carried out, where variable load torque, simulating bearing damage, was introduced. The results show that components which can be used for bearings diagnosis appear in the spectrum of the product of current and supply voltage instantaneous values. These components are easier to identify than the components of current spectrum, which have been used so far in diagnostic...
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Osoby starsze wobec innowacyjnych form świadczenia usług ubezpieczeniowych
PublikacjaPrzedmiotem zainteresowania badawczego w niniejszym tekście są usługi ubezpieczeniowe świadczone z wykorzystaniem innowacyjnych środków komunikacji: Internetu lub telefonu. W artykule skoncentrowano się na osobach powyżej 50 roku życia, szczególnie narażonych na zjawisko wykluczenia cyfrowego. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury sformułowano hipotezę badawczą: Cechy społeczno – demograficzne osób powyżej 50 roku życia wpływają na ich...
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Design of a test bench for determining the general characteristics of an internal combustion engine using a hydraulic power take-off system
PublikacjaThe paper presents a design of an engine test bench, which is used to determine the general characteristics of a truck engine using a power take-off (PTO). PTO drives a hydraulic system that generates a load on the engine at various points in its operation in the power range specified by the hydraulic system. The design allows for stationary and mobile tests with the test bench mounted on the truck, without any modification of...
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Methodology for determining the elemental composition, as well as energy and ignition properties of the low-sulfur marine fuels
PublikacjaThe key metrological issue of substance and energy balance in research engines is the precise determination of the elemental composition of the applied fuel and its net calorific value. This makes it possible to calculate the amount of heat brought with the fuel into the combustion chamber, as well as the amount and gas composition of the exhaust. However, to fully assess the energy quality of the fuel used, its ignition properties...
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Mathematical Models in Design Process of Ship Bow Thrusters
PublikacjaThe paper describes an application of simulation models for computer-aided design of ship bow thrusters. Generation of simulation models of ship bow thruster requires development and verifying of mathematical models of system component elements. Using the results of simulation the expert system is able to determine, that the rules of classification societies are met. Design procedures and mathematical models are part of an expert...
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Mathematical Models in Design Process of Ship Bow Thrusters
PublikacjaThe presentation is about an application of simulation models for computer-aided design of ship bow thrusters. Generation of simulation models of ship bow thruster requires development and verifying of mathematical models of system component elements. Using the results of simulation the expert system is able to determine, that the rules of classification societies are met. Design procedures and mathematical models are part of an...
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Ecology In Tribology: Selected Problems of Eliminating Natural Oil-Based Lubricants from Machine Friction Couples
PublikacjaThe elimination of mineral oil-based lubricants from machines has multiple beneficial effects on the natural environment. Firstly – these lubricants are a direct threat to the environment in the event of leaks; secondly – their elimination reduces the demand for crude oil from which they are obtained. In addition, in many cases, e.g. when replacing traditional lubricants with water, friction losses in the bearings can also be reduced...
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Hybrid geothermal-fossil power cycle analysis in a Polish setting with a focus on off-design performance and CO2 emissions reductions
PublikacjaGrowing demand for electricity due to economic development contributes to increased greenhouse gas production, especially CO2. However, emissions can be limited by enhancing the efficiency of primary energy conversion, such as integrating geothermal energy into coal-fired power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes replacing conventional feed-water heaters with geothermal preheaters to create a hybridized system. This study was...