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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: ROAD CONSTRUCTION
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DETERMINANTS OF INLAND NAVIGATION ON THE VISTULA FROM WARSAW TO GDAŃSK
PublikacjaWaterborne transport is the cheapest, the safest and the least harmful to the natural environment. Restoring regular waterway cargo transport will require revitalisation of the existing trans-shipment and logistics infrastructure for commercial inland ports and building new. Transport policy makers must remember that waterborne transport is the most ecological type of transport. It produces only 10% of the gases emitted to the...
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Road traffic can be predicted by machine learning equally effectively as by complex microscopic model
PublikacjaSince high-quality real data acquired from selected road sections are not always available, a traffic control solution can use data from software traffic simulators working offline. The results show that in contrast to microscopic traffic simulation, the algorithms employing neural networks can work in real-time, so they can be used, among others, to determine the speed displayed on variable message road signs. This paper describes...
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Numerical analysis of lumbar spine injury during road safety barrier collision
PublikacjaPurpose: Enhancing road safety is a critical goal worldwide, necessitating the development of clear standards for road safety systems. This study focuses on lumbar spine (L-spine) compression injuries during collisions with concrete road safety barriers (RSBs). It aims to analyze internal forces during impact to understand L-spine injury biomechanics in such accidents. Methods: The research included a literature review, analyzing...
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Pedestrian Safety in Road Traffic in Poland
PublikacjaEvery third road accident in Poland involves a pedestrian as a participant or, most of the time, a casualty. Pedestrian accidents are usually the result of complex situations and the outcome of a number of factors related to driver and pedestrian behaviour and road infrastructure. Safety depends largely on how well the traffic condition is perceived and on visibility in traffic. The paper presents the results of analyses of methodologies...
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The Role of Greenery and Traffic Calming Measures in Planning of Road Infrastracture
PublikacjaThe role of greenery and traffi c calming measures in road infrastructure planning. The “life” of a town is connected with its infrastructure. So it is that, apart from serving their principal function, motorways, roads, airports and other facilities which make transport possible largely determine contemporary urban design. To achieve balanced forms of urban infrastructure that ensure comfort, safety and spatial order, it is necessary when...
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Speed estimation of a car at impact with a W-beam guardrail using numerical simulations and machine learning
PublikacjaThis paper aimed at developing a new method of estimating the impact speed of a passenger car at the moment of a crash into a W-beam road safety barrier. The determination of such a speed based on the accident outcomes is demanding, because often there is no access to full accident data. However, accurate determination of the impact speed is one of the key elements in the reconstruction of road accidents. A machine learning algorithm...
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The two ring road complexes of Gdansk
PublikacjaThe urban structure of Gdańsk city centre is determined by two ring road complexes. The first of them, the Gdańsk Ring, has been designed by Hermann Josef Stübben as a result of a defortification at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This new modern zone of the city centre was destroyed like the rest of Gdańsk in the end of World War Two and had not been reconstructed as a result of de-Germanization of the Recovered Territories....
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Survey on Applications of Multimedia Technology to Examine Impact of Roadside Advertising on Drivers
PublikacjaThe correct location of ads, both static and moving, in close proximity of the roadway is an issue of high significance in the context of road safety. This publication aims to provide support in solving these issues by presenting a range of options for the implementation of extensive, multi-faceted research, using modern technology to allow an objective assessment of the risks arising from the presence of advertising spots in the...
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Autonomous Driver Based on an Intelligent System of Decision-Making
PublikacjaThe paper presents and discusses a system (xDriver) which uses an Intelligent System of Decision-making (ISD) for the task of car driving. The principal subject is the implementation, simulation and testing of the ISD system described earlier in our publications for the task of autonomous driving. The design of the whole ISD system is a result of a thorough modelling of human psychology based on an extensive literature study. Concepts...
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Effect of vehicle motion stability after impact/crash on traffic safety
PublikacjaThe article presents the application of general stability theory to the study of road traffic stability immediately after an impact (crash, collision). It turns out that when modelling a collision, vehicles can be treated as colliding masses and dynamical systems can be assigned to this phenomenon.
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Benchmark of the traffic congestion in electrical transport by means of multi criteria decision analysis
PublikacjaCongestion of the road traffic is an important aspect related to the issues of energy consumption in public transport. Due to the multiattribute nature, the expression of traffic congestion in a quantitative valueis difficult to achieve. The article presents a method of estimation of traffic congestion by means of a multiattribute decision analysis.
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Effects of Road Infrastructure on Pedestrian Safety
PublikacjaThe objective of the work was to identify risks for pedestrians that involve road infrastructure and roadside and to define how selected elements of geometry and traffic layout affect driver behaviour (speed on approaching pedestrian crossings). The results have helped to formulate recommendations on pedestrian crossing design. The research included an analysis of 2013-2017 statistics to identify the...
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Field investigation of low-temperature cracking and stiffness moduli on selected roads with conventional and high modulus asphalt concrete
PublikacjaHigh Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) was introduced in Poland as a one of the solutions to the problem of rutting, type of deterioration common in the 1990s. After first encouraging trials in 2002 HMAC was widely used for heavily loaded national roads and motorways. However some concerns were raised about low-temperature cracking of HMAC. This was the main reason of the studies presented in this article were started. The article...
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Estimating Traffic Intensity Employing Passive Acoustic Radar and Enhanced Microwave Doppler Radar Sensor
PublikacjaInnovative road signs that can autonomously display the speed limit in cases where the trac situation requires it are under development. The autonomous road sign contains many types of sensors, of which the subject of interest in this article is the Doppler sensor that we have improved and the constructed and calibrated acoustic probe. An algorithm for performing vehicle detection and tracking, as well as vehicle speed measurement,...
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Classifying type of vehicles on the basis of data extracted from audio signal characteristics
PublikacjaThe aim of this study is to find and optimize a feature vector for an automatic recognition of the type of vehicles, extracted form an audio signal. First, the influence of weather-based conditions of road surface on spectral characteristic of the audio signal recorded from a passing vehicle in close proximity to the road is discussed. Next, parameterization of the recorded audio signal is performed. For that purpose, the MIRtoolbox,...
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The application of microscopic models in the study of pedestrian traffic
PublikacjaCities (especially in Central and Eastern Europe) focus on improving the road network, which aims to improve the efficiency of motor traffic and minimize congestion. Most of existing tools for analysing the effectiveness of urban transport networks do not assume to analyse the impact of walking and cycling on efficiency of transport systems. It is therefore necessary to develop solutions...
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Performance of Noise Map Service Working in Cloud Computing Environment
PublikacjaIn the paper a noise map service designated for the user interested in environmental noise subject is presented. It is based on cloud computing. Noise prediction algorithm and source model, developed for creating acoustic maps, are working in cloud computing environment. In the study issues related to noise modeling of sound propagation in urban spaces are discussed with a special focus on road noise. Examples of results obtained...
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A taxonomy of challenges to resilient message dissemination in VANETs
PublikacjaInter-vehicular communications is seen as a promising solution to a number of issues related with public road safety, road congestion management, and infotainment. However, Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) characterized by high mobility of vehicles and facing a number of other issues related with high frequency wireless communications and network disconnections, encounter major challenges related with reliability of message delivery....
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Road Safety Trends at National Level in Europe: A Review of Time-series Analysis Performed during the Period 2000–12
PublikacjaThis paper presents a review of time-series analysis of road safety trends, aggregatedat a national level, which has been performed in the period 2000 – 12 and applied to Europeannational data sets covering long time periods. It provides a guideline and set of best practices inthe area of time-series modelling and identifies the latest methods and applications of nationalroad safety trend analysis...
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Targ Węglowy as the keystone of two ring road complexes of Gdańsk city centre
PublikacjaThe urban structure of Gdansk city centre is determined by two ring road complexes. The first of them, the Gdansk Ring, has been created as a result of a city defortification at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and has been destroyed in the end of World War Two with the rest of Gdansk. The second, the Main Town Green Belt, has been formed in place of the medieval fortification system of the city’s most important historical...
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Identification of Risk Factors for Collisions Involving Cyclists Based on Gdansk Example
PublikacjaThe role of pedestrian and bicycle traffic in Poland has growing trend. The comprehensive traffic study, conducted in Gdansk in 2016, has confirmed the increase in the number of cyclists and their share in the modal split. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the safety of this group of unprotected road users. Only in 2015 on the roads of Gdansk occurred 93 accidents (excluding collisions) involving cyclists. As a...
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The application of non-destructive methods in the diagnostics of the approach pavement at the bridges
PublikacjaThe article presents the possibility of using non-destructive methods of road pavement diagnostics as an alternative to traditional means to assess the reasons for premature cracks adjacent to bridge objects. Two scanning methods were used: laser scanning to measure geometric surface deformation and ground penetrating radar (GPR) inspection to assess the road pavement condition. With the use of a laser scanner, an effective tool...
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Assessing Tram Infrastructure Safety Using the Example of the City of Gdańsk
PublikacjaAnalysis of Gdańsk’s tram network statistics shows that incidents are quite frequent (about 650 within 5 years) and mostly involve collisions and crashes. As well as reducing the tram systems’ efficiency and reliability, incidents have a nega-tive effect on road safety. As Polish cities extend their tram networks, they must also ensure that their existing networks are safe. This is to be achieved by conducting safety assessments....
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Ontological Modeling for Contextual Data Describing Signals Obtained from Electrodermal Activity for Emotion Recognition and Analysis
PublikacjaMost of the research in the field of emotion recognition is based on datasets that contain data obtained during affective computing experiments. However, each dataset is described by different metadata, stored in various structures and formats. This research can be counted among those whose aim is to provide a structural and semantic pattern for affective computing datasets, which is an important step to solve the problem of data...
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EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PHYSICAL SPEED MANAGEMENT MEASURES
PublikacjaThe subject of the Authors' analyses is a group of non-physical speed management measures. How effective they are depends primarily on how willing drivers are to accept restrictions. Social and cultural factors play a major role. The effectiveness of these measures is not clear and requires further research. The authors conducted such research and evaluated the effects of nonphysical speed management measures on driver behaviour...
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Case Study of Old Steel Riveted Railway Truss Bridge: From Material Characterization to Structural Analysis
PublikacjaThe structural analysis of an old steel riveted railway truss bridge located over the Maruska River on the Działdowo – Olsztyn, Poland railway line is performed in this paper to check its behaviour under today’s railway loads. The mechanical properties of construction steel extracted from the old steel bridge are investigated by tensile tests, impact tests through the Charpy pendulum impact V-notch, and an optical emission spectrometer....
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PLANOWANIE BEZPIECZNYCH I „ZIELONYCH” SYSTEMÓW KOMUNIKACYJNYCH
PublikacjaIn order to achieve balanced forms of urban infrastructure, which ensure comfort, safety and spatial order, when designing new solutions it is necessary to adopt a multi-facet approach which will combine everything that the local residents need but will respond harmoniously to the existing cultural landscape. It is therefore necessary to work out complex undertakings for the sake of planning and developing urban space. Coherent...
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Determination of modifier contents in polymer-modified bitumens and in samples collected from the roads using high performance gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography
PublikacjaThis paper describes application of high performance gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography (HP-GPC/SEC) for the determination of content of polymer modifiers in modified road bitumens. The obtained results were compared with the measurements based on the procedure recommended by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, which employs Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-IR FTIR)....
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Numerical methods for the assessment of bridge safety barriers
PublikacjaThe paper presents a numerical study of the bus crash test for bridge safety barriers. The analysis is conducted with the use of explicit code LS-DYNA. The problem of hourglass effect in shell elements is discussed. The simulations of bus impact against the barrier show that the analyzed barrier withstands the impact forces and restrains the bus trajectory to the bridge road.
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Vehicular Communication Environments
PublikacjaCommunication to and between road vehicles (cars, truck, buses, trains, etc.) are of growing interest. This is partly due to the attractive services that cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) provides, mainly in the areas of traffic safety and traffic efficiency. An enabler for C-ITS is wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, collectively referred to as vehicle-to-X (V2X)...
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Ontological Model for Contextual Data Defining Time Series for Emotion Recognition and Analysis
PublikacjaOne of the major challenges facing the field of Affective Computing is the reusability of datasets. Existing affective-related datasets are not consistent with each other, they store a variety of information in different forms, different formats, and the terms used to describe them are not unified. This paper proposes a new ontology, ROAD, as a solution to this problem, by formally describing the datasets and unifying the terms...
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Analysis of passenger car crash with a cable barrier installed with anti-glare screens on a horizontal convex road curve with 400 m radius
PublikacjaHigh-tension cable barriers have been used on roads for a relatively short period compared with other types of road barriers. Hence, there remains a need for further research on various crash scenarios. An important issue is the performance of a cable barrier on a road curve, particularly when a vehicle impacts the convex side of the barrier. To address this issue, the analysis in this study considers a system of anti-glare screens...
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1D convolutional context-aware architectures for acoustic sensing and recognition of passing vehicle type
PublikacjaA network architecture that may be employed to sensing and recognition of a type of vehicle on the basis of audio recordings made in the proximity of a road is proposed in the paper. The analyzed road traffic consists of both passenger cars and heavier vehicles. Excerpts from recordings that do not contain vehicles passing sounds are also taken into account and marked as ones containing silence....
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The use of lightweight aggregate saturated with PCM as a temperature stabilizing material for road surfaces.
PublikacjaThis paper presents the possibility of adding lightweight building aggregates to increase the stability – mechanical as well as thermal - of constructions and road objects. This stability can be achieved through saturating the porous granules of aggregate with a phase-change material (PCM) that allows the accumulation of solar heat. Intense solar radiation, especially during the summer, can cause the asphalt on road surfaces, bridges...
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Curb-to-Barrier Face Distance Variation an a TB51 Bridge Barrier Crash Test Simulation
PublikacjaThis paper addresses the problem of road safety regarding barrier placement as relative to the curb. A short summary of existing regulations is presented. Numerical simulations using the explicit finite element system Ls- Dyna are shown. In the analysis, variable distance between the barrier and the curb is assumed. The obtained result reveals that the distance has little impact on the working width of the barrier.
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APPLICATION OF THE GWR MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE ROAD FATALITIES RATE ON THE ROAD NETWORK IN THE NUTS 3 REGIONS IN EUROPE ON THE EXAMPLE OF KUYAVIAN- -POMERANIAN VOIVODESHIP
PublikacjaThe article presents the application of the GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) model to the description of differences in the level of road traffic safety in individual counties on the example of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The GWR model developed for counties, taking into account the diversity of NUTS 3 regions, can be a helpful tool for traffic safety management in voivodships and lower administrative units, and...
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an intelligent image processing sensor - the algorithm and the hardware implementation
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono algorytm przeznaczony do rozpoznawania obiektów ruchomych w obrazie do celu analizy ruchu pojazdów. Algorytm został zrealizowany w układzie FPGA.Ang.: This paper describes the idea and theimplementation of the robust algorithm dedicated toextraction of moving vehicles from real-time cameraimages for the evaluation of traffic parameters, suchas the number of vehicles, their direction of movementand their...
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Identification of safety hazards and their sources in tram transport
PublikacjaBoth in Poland and in most countries of the European Union, the tram infrastructure is extensively expanding. Contemporary low-floor trams are constructed according to different technical assumptions than typical railway vehicles or high floor trams. In Poland such vehicles rides often on lines designed according to standards developed to the classical vehicles. At the same time, the intensity of road traffic and the number of...
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Reduction of noise and rolling resistance by horizontal grinding of asphalt pavements
PublikacjaGrinding of cement concrete pavements to reduce unevenness and noise is common since a long time. Grinding is then made with wheels equipped with diamond blades rotating in the vertical plane. This creates narrow vertical/longitudinal grooves in the pavement. It is not applied to asphalt pavements. In this paper an alternative type of grinding is studied. In this case plates with diamond heads rotate in the same plane as the pavement,...
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A Novel Spatio–Temporal Deep Learning Vehicle Turns Detection Scheme Using GPS-Only Data
PublikacjaWhether the computer is driving your car or you are, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) come into play on all levels, from weather monitoring to safety. These modern-day ADASs use various assisting tools for drivers to keep the journey safe; these sophisticated tools provide early signals of numerous events, such as road conditions, emerging traffic scenarios, and weather warnings. Many urban applications, such as car-sharing...
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Down-Sampling of Large LiDAR Dataset in the Context of Off-Road Objects Extraction
PublikacjaNowadays, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is used in many fields, such as transportation. Thanks to the recent technological improvements, the current generation of LiDAR mapping instruments available on the market allows to acquire up to millions of three-dimensional (3D) points per second. On the one hand, such improvements allowed the development of LiDAR-based systems with increased productivity, enabling the quick acquisition...
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Novel proposal for V2X systems and WBAN cooperation to improve road safety
PublikacjaIn this paper, a novel proposal of the automotive Vehicle-to-Everything system solution is presented. In this proposal, there are included the Machine to Machine type communication system and the sensor system based on a short-range the Wireless Body Area Network communication. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the model for communication, especially its architecture and signals structure for the proposed solution. The use...
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Measures of Functional Reliability of Two-Lane Highways
PublikacjaRural two-lane highways are the most common road type both in Poland and globally. In terms of kilometres, their length is by far greater than that of motorways and expressways. They are roads of one carriageway for each direction, which makes the overtaking of slower vehicles possible only when there is a gap in the stream of traffic moving from the opposite direction. Motorways and express roads are dual carriageways that are...
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Detection of Anomalies in the Operation of a Road Lighting System Based on Data from Smart Electricity Meters
PublikacjaSmart meters in road lighting systems create new opportunities for automatic diagnostics of undesirable phenomena such as lamp failures, schedule deviations, or energy theft from the power grid. Such a solution fits into the smart cities concept, where an adaptive lighting system creates new challenges with respect to the monitoring function. This article presents research results indicating the practical feasibility of real‐time...
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A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic
PublikacjaForecasting fuel and electricity consumption is an important factor determining the direction of changes in road engineering solutions, traffic management, selection of routes for public transport and development more efficient car drive systems. With a reliable and easy-to-use computational tool, it is possible to reduce the consumption of primary energy sources and reduce the emission of toxic compounds in cities. An analysis...
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Tyre/road noise reduction of poroelastic road surface tested in a laboratory
PublikacjaA so-called poroelastic road surface (PERS) is being developed in Europe. This contains a large percentage of rubber particles mixed with hard aggregate (stone and sand) and bound with polyurethane. This gives high air void content (around 30 %), high elasticity and smooth texture, all of which should give low noise properties. Inthis experiment anominally 30 mm thick sample of PERS was mounted on a steel drum. Various car tyres...
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Numerical crash analysis of the cable barrier
PublikacjaSafety barriers are used to increase road safety. Their basic task is to prevent the errant vehicle from getting off the road in places which are potentially dangerous for vehicle passengers. Barriers, which are used on European roads, must fulfill the requirements of EN 1317 standards by passing appropriate crash tests. Because of their high cost, numerical simulations are increasingly used to evaluate the properties of safety...
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A PROPOSAL FOR ONE-IMAGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE CLEARANCE DISTANCE. CASE STUDY
PublikacjaMeasurement of the clearance distance (both in the context of the rail and road) is one of the current and increasingly discussed topics in the context of photogrammetric and image processing (computer vision) methods. The article presents a description of a simple and rapid method of measure the clearance distance between the obstacles by using one-image photogrammetry. The proposed method was tested for the railway, tram and...
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Factors affecting low-temperature cracking of asphalt pavements: analysis of field observations using the ordered logistic model
PublikacjaAccurate identification of factors that primarily affect the number of low-temperature cracks is crucial for selection of road materials and planning of pavement maintenance. Field investigations of lowtemperature cracks were performed in the years 2014 and 2020 on the same 68 road sections being in service in typical traffic conditions. The collected data were statistically analysed using the ordered logistic regression model....
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On the validation of the LS-DYNA Geo Metro numerical model
PublikacjaThe paper presents experiences gained during work with numerical model of Geo Metro vehicle used for simulations of crash tests with road safety barriers. Attention is drawn to the subject of tire/wheel breakage during collision events. Some methods for improvement of the model are presented in the paper. Several results for the normative vehicle numerical tests are introduced. Simulations were carried out using LS-DYNA finite...