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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
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The use of liquid crystal thermography TLC and particle image velocimetry PIV in selected technical applications
PublikacjaNowadays, the energy cost is very high and this problem is carried out to seek techniques for improvement of the aerothermal and thermal (heat flow) systems performances in different technical applications. The transient and steady-state techniques with liquid crystals for the surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient or Nusselt number distribution measurements have been developed. The flow pattern produced by transverse...
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Deterioration of masonry structure investigated by a thermal camera with a qualitative assessment of thermal image processing
PublikacjaThermal imaging is contemporary remote sensing measurement technique, which provides an image of the temperature distribution in the measured object. The method is widely used, due to its mobility as well as the non-destructive character of the measurement. Infrared thermography is especially relevant in the inspection of insulation, what is more, it is a suitable device for detecting thermal bridges and structural changes, which...
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Morphology and the physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with thermally reduced graphene oxide
PublikacjaIn this study, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRG)-containing polyurethane nanocomposites were obtained by the extrusion method. The content of TRG incorporated into polyurethane elastomer systems equaled 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt%. The morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the modified materials were investigated. The application of TRG resulted in a visible increase in material stiffness...
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New Tetragonal ReGa5(M) (M = Sn, Pb, Bi) Single Crystals Grown from Delicate Electrons Changing
PublikacjaSingle crystals of the new Ga-rich phases ReGa~5(Sn), ReGa~5(Pb) and ReGa~5(Bi) were successfully obtained from the flux method. The new tetragonal phases crystallize in the space group P4/mnc (No. 128) with vertex-sharing capped Re2@Ga14 oblong chains. Vacancies were discovered on the Ga4 and Ga5 sites, which can be understood as the direct inclusion of elemental Sn, Pb and Bi into the structure. Heat capacity measurements were...
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Thickness and structure change of titanium (IV) oxide thin films synthesized by the sol–gel spin coating method
PublikacjaTitanium dioxide is a well-known material in nanotechnology, while it provides new opportunities due to its interesting properties, for example, as a semiconductor with a quite significant forbidden band gap energy of 3.2 eV. In this study, thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were synthesized in amorphous and crystallographic systems using the sol–gel process. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction...
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Permeation and sorption properties of poly(ether-block-amide) membranesfilled by two types of zeolites
PublikacjaThe experimental study of transport properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on PEBA-4033 with two types of zeolites is reported. Gas (CO2, O2, N2) and vapor (benzene, toluene, methanol, water) permeation measurements were performed using the differential flow permeameter at temperature of 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Gas/vapor permeation was monitored by measuring the changes of the thermal conductivity of carrier...
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Emotion Monitoring – Verification of Physiological Characteristics Measurement Procedures
PublikacjaThis paper concerns measurement procedures on an emotion monitoring stand designed for tracking human emotions in the Human-Computer Interaction with physiological characteristics. The paper addresses the key problem of physiological measurements being disturbed by a motion typical for human-computer interaction such as keyboard typing or mouse movements. An original experiment...
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Combined chemoresistive and in situ FTIR spectroscopy study of nanoporous NiO films for light-activated nitrogen dioxide and acetone gas sensing
PublikacjaThe chemoresistive sensor response of nanoporous NiO films prepared by advanced gas deposition was investigated by combined resistivity and in situ FTIR spectroscopy, with and without simultaneous light illumination, to detect NO2 and acetone gases. The sensitivity towards NO2 increased dramatically under UV irradiation employing 275 nm light. Improved sensitivity was observed at an elevated temperature of 150 °C. In situ FTIR...
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Fault detection and diagnostics of complex dynamic systems using Gaussian Process Models - nuclear power plant case study
PublikacjaThe article examines the use of Gaussian Process Models to simulate the dynamic processes of a Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor for fault detection and diagnostics. The paper illustrates the potential of Gaussian Process Models as a tool for monitoring and predicting various fault conditions in Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor power plants, including reactor coolant flow and temperature variations, deviations from nominal working...
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Wykorzystanie kamery termowizyjnej nowej generacji do oceny wpływu sił ortodontycznych na dziąsło = The application of a new-generation thermal imaging camera for the assessment of hemodynamic changes in gingiva during orthodontic treatment
PublikacjaIntroduction. One ot the most interesting modern methods of assessing microcirculation is thermovisiual examination. Thermovision cameras are commonly used in general medicine. As the periodontium is one of the most vascularized tissues in the human body, the application of high-sensitivity thermovision cameras may allow tor noninvasive asses- sment and early detection ot pathological changes in the gingiva by giving a complete...
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Investigations of Energy Conversion and Surface Effect for Laser-Illuminated Gold Nanorod Platforms
PublikacjaAchieving a quick temperature increase is a burning issue for biophysical applications, like germ inactivation and tumor ablation, and for energy performances, like solar collectors and steam generators. Based on the plasmon resonance phenomenon, noble metallic nanoparticles have emerged as promising weapons due to their very high biocompatibility, optical properties, and high surface-to-volume ratio, increasing energy conversion...
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Characterization methods of nickel nano-particles obtained by the ex-solution process on the surface of Pr, Ni-doped SrTiO3 perovskite ceramics
PublikacjaIn this paper, a novel electrode material based on Pr, Ni co-doped strontium titanate ( Sr0.7Pr0.3)xTi1−yNiyO3 with constant amount of 30% praseodymium dopant, different amount of nickel (y = 0.06 and y = 0.10) and additional nonstoichiometry in Sr-site (x = 1; x = 0.9 and x = 0.8) was investigated as fuel electrode for SOEC devices. A porous ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction measurements...
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Window frame integrable air recuperation minichannel/minigap heat exchanger
PublikacjaThis article describes an evaluation of mini heat exchangers operation as a decentralized mechanical ventilation system with recuperative heat recovery that can be integrated into the window frame. The relatively small yet efficient air recuperation system allows for retrofitting existing buildings by reducing the overall energy consumption and thus the CO2 emissions. The proposed design, unlike existing systems, is easy to scale...
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Influence of B/N co-doping on electrical and photoluminescence properties of CVD grown homoepitaxial diamond films
PublikacjaBoron doped diamond (BDD) has great potential in electrical, and electrochemical sensing applications. The growth parameters, substrates, and synthesis method play a vital role in the preparation of semiconducting BDD to metallic BDD. Doping of other elements along with boron (B) into diamond demonstrated improved efficacy of B doping and exceptional properties. In the present study, B and nitrogen (N) co-doped diamond has been...
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Machine-learning-based precise cost-efficient NO2 sensor calibration by means of time series matching and global data pre-processing
PublikacjaAir pollution remains a considerable contemporary challenge affecting life quality, the environment, and economic well-being. It encompasses an array of pollutants—gases, particulate matter, biological molecules—emanating from sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial activities, agriculture, and natural occurrences. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a harmful gas, is particularly abundant in densely populated urban areas. Given its...
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The LaPdIn 4 indide and elementary properties of the LaTIn 4 ( T = Ni, Pd, Pt) materials family
PublikacjaThe indium-rich intermetallic compound LaPdIn4 is reported, prepared by arc-melting and annealing at 600 C. Single crystal X-ray diffraction found the material to be orthorhombic, space group Cmcm (No. 63), with lattice parameters a ¼ 4.5462(3) Å, b ¼ 16.9208(10) Å, and c ¼ 7.3100(5) Å. This previously unreported indide is isostructural with LaNiIn4 and LaPtIn4. It is demonstrated that all three compounds in the LaTIn4 (T ¼ Ni,...
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Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctanium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide using gas–liquid chromatography
PublikacjaBased on gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) retention data, activity coefficients at infinite dilution of 39 different solutes in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctanium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([HDABCO][NTf2]) have been determined. Measurements covered a broad range of types of organic solutes including alkanes, alcohols, ketones, benzene derivatives and McReynold’s compounds. Activity coefficients were...
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Photoluminescence of partially reduced Eu2+/Eu3+ active centers in a NaF–Al2O3–P2O5 glassy matrix with tunable smooth spectra
PublikacjaIn this work, a series of photoluminescent materials have been synthesized based on optically transparent and chemically stable glasses of the nominal composition Na3Al2(PO4)2F3 (NaF–Al2O3–P2O5 system) doped with 1 wt% of europium. It has been shown that the synthesis conditions (mainly the temperature and duration of the melting stage under reducing conditions) strongly affected the photoluminescence spectra of the material. This...
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Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Magnetoelectric Effect Studies of Multiferroic Ceramics Based on BiFeO<sub>3</sub>
PublikacjaIn this work the results of investigations for (BiFeO3)x(BaTiO3)1-x and Bi1-xNdxFeO3 solid solutions are described. Samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method. X-ray diffraction, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetoelectric effect measurements were applied as complementary methods to determine the structure and magnetic properties of materials. For (BiFeO3)x(BaTiO3)1-x solid solutions Mössbauer...
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Estimation of respiration rate using an accelerometer and thermal camera in eGlasses
PublikacjaRespiration rate is a very important vital sign. Different methods of respiration rate measurement or estimation have been developed. However, especially interesting are those that enable remote and unobtrusive monitoring. In this study, we investigated the use of smart glasses for the estimation of respiration rate especially useful for indoors applications. Two methods were analyzed. The first one is based on measurements of...
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Performance Evaluation of a 650V E-HEMT GaN Power Switch
PublikacjaGaN power switches have better characteristics compared to the state-of-the-art Si power transistors. These devices offer high operating temperature and current densities, fast switching and low on-resistance. However, currently only a few producers offer technology of high voltage GaN transistors. Immaturity of this technology is the reason why experimental evaluation of GaN parameters must be performed to properly exploit their...
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The efficiency of turbomachinery in the zero-and three-dimensional approaches
PublikacjaEfficiency of turbomachinery is usually defined using an isentropic process. This approach provides a reliable reference point only when pressure and temperature measurements are available, e.g. at the casing inlet and outlet. In the case of a single stage internal efficiency determination the reference point is difficult. Computational fluid dynamics allows for an exact calculation of values of losses occurring in a turbine...
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Evaluation of structural and electrical properties of multicomponent spinel oxide thin films deposited via spray pyrolysis technique
PublikacjaThis work reports the preparation of (Mn,Co,Fe,Ni,Cr)3O4 high-entropy spinel oxide in the form of a ~ 500 nm thin film utilising a facile spray pyrolysis technique. The structural and electrical properties of the layers were characterised after exposure to temperatures in the range of 400–900 ◦C. The as-deposited layers were amorphous, and crystallised upon heat treatment at 500 ◦C. Microstructural analyses proved a homogeneous...
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Dynamic impedance measurements of the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell cathode at various operating temperatures
PublikacjaThis article discusses the application of impedance analysis for diagnosing the cathode of a direct methanol fuel cell at various operating temperatures. The Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique coupled with a linear current scan was applied for this purpose. This technique allowed the observation of changes in the cathode's properties in the fuel cell operating under real working conditions. An equivalent model...
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Improvement of the thrust bearing calculation considering the convectional heating within the space between the pads
PublikacjaA modern thrust bearing calculation tool should consider not only the oil film between pad and rotating collar but also the space between the pads. The oil flow in the space has a significant influence on the oil film inlet temperature, the convectional cooling of pad and collar and should be included in the bearing calculation methods. The authors use a tool developed at Clausthal University of Technology in cooperation with the...
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Integration and verification of meteorological observations and NWP model data for the local GNSS tomography
PublikacjaGNSS meteorology applies the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to derive information about the state of the atmosphere (particularly troposphere). The tomography is one of the methods used in GNSS meteorology. The input data of GNSS tomography are the signal troposphere delays, results of GNSS data processing and additionally meteorological observations and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models data. Different types...
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Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over the European Sector During the Geomagnetic Storm on March 23–24, 2023: Energy Deposition in the Source Regions and the Propagation Characteristics
PublikacjaMultiple Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) are observed in the European sector in both day-time and night-time during the magnetic storm on March 23–24, 2023. The Total Electron Content (TEC) observation from a network of GNSS receivers shows the propagation of LSTIDs with amplitudes between around 0.5 and 1 TECU originating from auroral and polar cusp regions down to southern Europe (35°N) with velocities...
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Nanocrystalline diamond microelectrode on fused silica optical fibers for electrochemical and optical sensing
PublikacjaFabrication process of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) microelectrode on fused silica single mode optical fiber has been investigated. The B-NCD films were deposited on the fibers using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PA CVD) at glass substrate temperature of 475 ºC. We have obtained homogenous, continuous and polycrystalline surface morphology with the mean grain size in the range of 100-250...
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Opto-Electrochemical Sensing Device Based on Long-Period Grating Coated with Boron-Doped Diamond Thin Film
PublikacjaThe fabrication process of thin boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) microelectrodes on fused silica single mode optical fiber cladding has been investigated. The B-NCD films were deposited on the fibers using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PA CVD) at glass substrate temperature of 475 ºC. We have obtained homogenous, continuous and polycrystalline surface morphology with high sp3 content in B-NCD...
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Determination of ionic conductivity in the Bi-Si-O and Pb-Si-O glasses
PublikacjaImpedance spectroscopy measurements in various gas atmospheres were carried out in order to explain the doubts about the type of carriers and the mechanism of electrical conductivity in Bi-Si-O and Pb-Si-O glasses. In bismuth silicate glass, a typical ionic conductivity with oxygen ions as charge carriers was observed. The level of electrical conductivity of the glass at 400 °C was 5 × 10−8 S·cm−1 , with the activation energy of...
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System supporting behavioral therapy for children with autism
PublikacjaIn this paper, a system supporting behavioral therapy for autistic children is presented. The system consists of sensors network, base station and a brooch indicating person's emotional states. The system can be used to measure values of physiological parameters that are associated with changes in the emotional state. In the future, it can be useful to inform the autistic child and the therapist about the emotional state of the...
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The effect of nitrogen on the structure and thermal properties of beryllium-containing Na-(Li)-Si-O-N glasses
PublikacjaTwo oxynitride glass series with the composition of 35Na2O-5BeO-(60-x)SiO2-xSi3N4 and 9Li2O- 27Na2O-5BeO-(59-x)SiO2-xSi3N4, were prepared. The glasses' topography and structure were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The composition was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer, SEM-EDS and nitrogen and oxygen elemental analyzer. Na-(Li)-Be-silicate glasses were found to contain...
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Proton-Electron Hole Interactions in Sr(Ti,Fe)O3−δ Mixed-Conducting Perovskites
PublikacjaOxides in which total electrical conductivity is determined by the partial conductivities of three types of charge carriers i.e. holes/ electrons, oxygen ions, and protons are key components of well-functioning proton ceramic fuel cells. Apart from electrochemical properties also easily modified microstructure is an important feature of the electrodes. In the paper, a group of SrTi1−xFexO3−δ (STF, x = 0.2–0.8) perovskites prepared...
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Recycled rubber wastes-based polymer composites with flame retardancy and electrical conductivity: Rational design, modeling and optimization
PublikacjaPolymer recycling techniques experience a maturity period of design and application. Rubbers comprise a high proportion of polymer wastes, highly flammable and impossible to re-melt. Polymer composites based on ground tire rubber (GTR) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) containing carbon black (CB) (1–50 phr), with variable EVA/GTR weight composition (10/90, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 and 90/10), and processing temperature (Low:...
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Structural, spectral and magnetic properties of Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) compounds with imidazole derivatives and silanethiolate ligands
PublikacjaA series of new metal heteroleptic complexes have been obtained in simple reactions of 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole (api) and 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-butane (bbi) ligands with metal silanethiolates or acetylacetonates. The obtained complexes are the coordination polymers [Ni{SSi(tBuO)3}2(μ-api)]n1, [Co{SSi(tBuO)3}2(μ-api)]n2, [Cd{SSi(tBuO)3}2(μ-api)·2CH3OH]n3, [Cd{SSi(tBuO)3}2(μ-bbi)·CHCl3]n4 and the dimer [Co{SSi(tBuO)3}2(μ-bbi)·3CH3OH]25....
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Barium boron aluminum silicate glass system for solid state optical gas sensors
PublikacjaRecent increasing demand for new eco-friendly materials and for low cost fabrication process for use in optical sensors field, raise concern about alternative materials for this application. We have designed two glass-ceramics compositions from the quaternary ROAl2O3- SiO2-B2O3(R=Ba) alkali-earth aluminum silicate system, labeled B72 and B69, with high refractive index (>1.6), large values of Abbe number (94.0 and 53.0, respectively),...
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Regeneration of marine engine valves using laser surfacing
PublikacjaThis article presents an analysis of the applicability of laser surfacing of the exhaust valve face of a marine diesel engine using cobalt-based powder. After preparation by machining, the selected valves were subjected to laser surfacing using a high-power ROFIN DL020 laser. The EuTroLoy 16012 powder was used in the surfacing process. One of the valves was cut and subjected to metallographic examination and hardness measurements,...
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Assessment of Lipophilicity Indices Derived from Retention Behavior of Antioxidant Compounds in RP-HPLC
PublikacjaReverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography was employed in order to evaluate the lipophilicity of antioxidant compounds from different classes, such as phenolic acids, flavanones, flavanols, flavones, anthocyanins, stilbenes, xantonoids, and proanthocyanidins. The retention time of each compound was measured using five different HPLC columns: RP18 (LiChroCART, Purosphere RP-18e), C8 (Zorbax, Eclipse XDBC8), C16-Amide (Discovery...
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Micelle formation of Tween 20 nonionic surfactant in imidazolium ionic liquids
PublikacjaAggregation behavior of polyoxyethylene (POE)-type nonionic surfactant Tween 20 in imidazolium ionic liquids with varying chain length and different anions, such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and trifluoromethanesulfonate, was investigated by means of surface tension, conductivity and dynamic light scattering measurements. The role of the chain length, anion size as well as interactions...
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Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning
PublikacjaThe paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including:...
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Actual and reference evapotranspiration for a natural, temperate zone fen wetland – Upper Biebrza case study
PublikacjaEvapotranspiration is the key and predominant component of the water balance in wetlands. Direct evapotranspiration measurements are challenging in wetlands due to their remoteness and high surface water level. This article describes the actual (ETa and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) from a cultivated wet meadow located in the Biebrza National Park – the largest national park in north-east Poland, Central Europe. The data were...
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New empirical correlations for the viscosity of selected organic phase change materials
PublikacjaAlthough there are many methods and instruments for measuring viscosity, it is still difficult to determine a reliable value of the dynamic viscosity of complex chemicals such as paraffins and fatty acids. This is due to the complex and heterogeneous structure of these compounds in the case of commercial products. On the other hand, the measuring instrument should be selected very carefully, including its measuring principle and...
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Potentiometric Oxygen Sensor with Solid State Reference Electrode
PublikacjaThe concentration or the partial pressure of oxygen in an environment can be determined using different measuring principles. For high temperature measurements of oxygen, ceramic-based sensors are the most practical. They are simple in construction, exploration and maintenance. A typical oxygen potentiometric sensor consists of an oxygen ion conducting solid electrolyte and two electrodes deposited...
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Effect of modified soybeen oil amount on rheological characteriza-tion of polyurethane pre-polymers
PublikacjaPolyurethanes (Pu’s) are the polymeric materials which have got urethane groups in the structure. The properties of Pu’s depend both on the method of preparation and monomers used. Polyurethanes are produced by two methods known as one step or two step method called as “pre-polymers method”, especially for the case of segmented polyurethanes (SPU’s). These materials are thermoplastic block copolymers of the (AB)n type consisting...
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Synthesis and properties of AxV2Al20 (A = Th, U, Np, Pu) ternary actinide aluminides
PublikacjaPolycrystalline samples of AxV2Al20 (A = Ce, Th, U, Np, Pu; 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) actinide intermetallics were synthesized using the arc-melting method. Crystal structure studies were performed by means of powder x-ray diffraction and the Rietveld refinement method. All studied compounds crystallize in the CeCr2Al20-type structure (space group Fd-3m, no. 227) with the actinoid and Ce atom located in the oversized icosahedral cage formed...
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IMPACT-TOUGHNESS INVESTIGATIONS OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS
PublikacjaDuplex stainless steels are very attractive constructional materials for use in aggressive environments because of their several advantages over austenitic stainless steels. Duplex steels have excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, are highly resistant to chloride stress-corrosion cracking and are about twice as strong as common austenitic steels. Better properties are associated with their microstructures consisting...
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Eco-Friendly Ether and Ester-Urethane Prepolymer: Structure, Processing and Properties
PublikacjaThis study concerns bio-based urethane prepolymers. The relationship between the chemical structure and the thermal and processing parameters of bio-based isocyanate-terminated ether and ester-urethane prepolymers was investigated. Bio-based prepolymers were obtained with the use of bio-monomers such as bio-based diisocyanate, bio-based polyether polyol or polyester polyols. In addition to their composition, the bio-based prepolymers...
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The new silica-based coated SPME fiber as universal support for the confinement of ionic liquid as an extraction medium
PublikacjaThe new silica-based SPME fiber coating is reported for the first time as universal support purposed to confinement of ionic liquid as an extraction medium. Fiber coating was prepared by the sol-gel process, using potassium silicate (K2SiO3) as a precursor and dimethylformamide (DMF) as a pore-forming medium. The concept of synthesis assumes obtaining a solid porous material on the surface of the glass rod and, being characterized...
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Structure analysis and thermal degradation characteristics of bio-based poly(propylene succinate)s obtained by using different catalyst amounts
PublikacjaLinear bio-based polyester polyols were prepared with the use of succinic acid and 1.3-propanediol (both with natural origin). As a catalyst was used tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TPT). In order to determine the effect of various catalyst content on the thermal degradation characteristics, three different TPT amounts, as a 1.3-propanediol equivalent, were used, namely 0.1 mass% (PPS-0.1), 0.2 mass% (PPS-0.2) and 0.25 mass% (PPS-0.25)....
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Structural and electronic properties of diamond-composed heterostructures
PublikacjaDiamond is a promising material for 21st century electronics due to its high thermal and electronic conductivity, biocompatibility, chemical stability, high wear resistance, and possibility of doping. However, the semiconductor properties of diamond, especially free-standing films, have not been fully explored. Nor have their integration with polymers and fragile materials and their applications as electronic components. In this...