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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: AIR EXCESS RATIO
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5-Thiocyanato-2′-deoxyuridine as a possible radiosensitizer: electron-induced formation of uracil-C5-thiyl radical and its dimerization
PublikacjaIn this work, we have synthesized 5-thiocyanato-2′-deoxyuridine (SCNdU) along with the C6-deuterated nucleobase 5-thiocyanatouracil (6-D-SCNU) and studied their reactions with radiation-produced electrons. ESR spectra in γ-irradiated nitrogen-saturated frozen homogeneous solutions (7.5 M LiCl in H2O or D2O) of these compounds show that electron-induced S–CN bond cleavage occurs to form a thiyl radical (dU-5-S˙ or 6-D-U-5-S˙) and...
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Sample Rate Conversion with Fluctuating Resampling Ratio
PublikacjaIn this paper a sample rate conversion with continuously changing resampling ratio has been presented. The proposed implementation is based on variable fractional delay filter implemented using a Farrow structure. It have been demonstrated that using the proposed approach instantaneous resampling ratio can be freely changed. This allows for simulation of audio recored on magnetic tape with nonuniform velocity as well as removal...
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A Convenient Way to Methylated 2-Imidazolines. Syntheses of Fluorene and Triazine Cyclic Diamidines
PublikacjaOne N-methyl- and 4-substituted 2-imidazolines are described. Fluorene bisimidazolines were obtained in good yield (64-92%), starting from 2,7-dicyanofluorene and ammonium sulfide. In a two-step procedure the crude bisthioamide was reacted with excess diaminoalkane-ethanol (1:1 mixt.) in an oil bath. This new procedure is superior over std. methods. For the sake of comparison, a new triazine bisimidazoline (I) was prepd. by...
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Vibrationally Relaxing Gases. Acoustic Cooling
PublikacjaThe dynamic equation which governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode in vibrationally relaxing gas is derived. The nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy to the energy of the thermal mode in a relaxing gas causes slow variation of temperature with time. The nal dynamic equation is instantaneous. All types of sound, including aperiodic, may be considered as an acoustic source of corresponding heating or cooling....
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Optimization of Hydrogen - Evolving Photochemical Molecular Devices
PublikacjaA molecular photocatalyst consisting of a RuII photocenter, a tetrapyridophenazine bridging ligand, and a PtX2 (X=Cl or I) moiety as the catalytic center functions as a stable system for light-driven hydrogen production. The catalytic activity of this photochemical molecular device (PMD) is significantly enhanced by exchanging the terminal chlorides at the Pt center for iodide ligands. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy...
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Stabilization of Solid Residues Obtained During Sewage Sludge Thermal Treatment
PublikacjaCurrently wastewater treatment plants are still dealing with the problem of ecological management of sewage sludge. Nowadays, thermal utilization is considered the most eco-friendly way of processing excess sludge. However, during mentioned process, fractions of ashes and dusts are generated. Such wastes, especially dusts fraction, can be potentially harmful for the environment and wastes should be stabilized before further management....
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Analysis of pressure ratio in the intake in dependence on high-voltage behaviours
PublikacjaPower control in spark ignition engines by regulating the intake air is performed. The control unit needs information about the air pressure conditions which then enters the combustion chamber. The information about the intake air pressure is an important quantity for optimal control of combustion mixtures. The paper describes some types of sensors that are used to measure the air intake temperature. Air pressure in the intake...
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BTEX concentration levels in urban air in the area of the Tri-City agglomeration (Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot), Poland
PublikacjaThe paper presents and discusses the results of atmospheric air quality research conducted in 2012 with reference to the level of BTEX compounds in the Tri-City agglomeration—Gdansk, Gdynia, and Sopot (northern Poland). At the stage of BTEX sampling from the ambient air, Radiello® diffusive passive samplers were applied. The annual time-weighted average concentrations for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in the...
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Reactions of lithiated diphosphanes R2P-P(SiMe3)LiTHF (R = tBu, iPr) with [(PNP)TiCl2]. Two different coordination types of phosphanylphosphido ligand to the metal center.
Publikacja[(PNP)TiCl2] (PNP = N[2-PiPr2-4-methylphenyl]2) reacts with one equivalent of lithium derivative of diphosphane R2P-P(SiMe3)LinTHF (R = tBu, iPr) in toluene and forms the first complex with g1-coordination [(PNP)Ti(Cl){g1-P(SiMe3)-PtBu2}] (1) and complex with g2-coordination [(PNP)Ti(Cl){g2-P(SiMe3)-PiPr2}] (2) of phosphanylphosphido ligands to the titanium center. The similar reaction with two equivalents of tBu2P-P(SiMe3)LinTHF...
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Pseudo-superparamagnetic behaviour of bariumhexaferrite particles
PublikacjaThe effect of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition on the crystal structure, morphology,and magnetic properties of co-precipitated hexagonal barium ferrite was investigated. For afixed amount ofsurfactant, different Fe3+concentrations and Fe3+/Ba2+ratios were used to optimize the formation ofsingle-phase barium ferrite particles. The results indicated that the obtained ferrite particles exhibitedcoercivity changes...
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Experimental research on marine oil-lubricated stern tube bearing
PublikacjaBearings of propeller shafts are very crucial elements of the propulsion system of each of the ships. The safety of shipping depends on their durability and reliability. The new legal restrictions mean that today we are looking for environmentally friendly solutions. That is why water-lubricated bearings are becoming more and more popular. So, will oil-lubricated shaft bearings belong to the past? The bearing with a white metal...
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Tailoring Graphene to Achieve Negative Poisson's Ratio Properties
PublikacjaGraphene can be made auxetic through the introduction of vacancy defects. This results in the thinnest negative Poisson's ratio material at ambient conditions known so far, an effect achieved via a nanoscale de-wrinkling mechanism that mimics the behavior at the macroscale exhibited by a crumpled sheet of paper when stretched.
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Air Pollution: Monitoring
PublikacjaThe entry presents an overview of the issues in the field of air pollution monitoring. At the beginning, the general objectives of air monitoring, ambient air quality standards for so-called criteria pollutants, and their sources are discussed. In the next part, both analytical methods and instruments for monitoring of ambient air and stack gases are briefly presented. Additionally, other approaches used in air pollution monitoring,...
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Bis(ammonium) Zoledronate Dihydrate
PublikacjaNeutralization of 2-(1-imidazole)-1-hydroxyl-1,1`-ethylidenediphosphonic acid (zoledronic acid) by an excess of ammonia yielded bis(ammonium) zoledronate dihydrate, {C5H8N2O7P2 2−, 2(H4N+), 2(H2O)}. The product is readily soluble in water and forms monocrystals for which the X-ray structural analysis was carried out. The zoledronic anion is of double negative charge due to deprotonation of three P–OH groups and protonation of the...
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Structural Control of Photoinduced Dynamics in 4H-Imidazole- Ruthenium Dyes
PublikacjaThe photoinduced dynamics of a series ofterpyridine 4H-imidazole-ruthenium complexes, which constitutea new family of panchromatic dyes, is investigated. Thedynamics involves two excited states localized within the 4Himidazolesphere. Upon MLCT excitation, an excited state ispopulated, which is localized on the central part of the 4Himidazoleligand caused by its nonplanar conformation. Thepopulation of the second excited state is...
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Atom-economic thiophosphoroselenenylations of C–H acid esters and amides
PublikacjaThree improved thiophosphoroselenenylation procedures of CHacids, including derivatives of malonic and acetyl-, phosphono-, 4-nitrophenyl- and 3-pyridylacetic acids, have been described and compared to previously reported thiophosphoroselenylation of diethyl malonate using bis(disopropoxyphosphinothioyl)diselenide alone or with the aid of methyl iodide. The use of iodine makes it possible to utilize both equivalents of the selenenylating...
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The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites
PublikacjaIn this work the use of polyurethane chemical recycling product (i.e. glycolysis of polyurethane waste realized with the mass excess of polymer) as a plasticizer for natural rubber-based composites was proposed. The effect of plasticizer type (napthenic oil and polyurethane foam glycolysate) and amount (2, 4, 6 or 8 parts per 100 parts of natural rubber) on the processing properties of rubber mixtures and chemical structure, swelling,...
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The Relationships Between BTEX, NOx, and O3 Concentrations in Urban Air in Gdansk and Gdynia, Poland
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of atmospheric air quality research conducted in the areas of two shipyard cities: Gdansk and Gdynia (Poland), in the period between March and December 2011. The purpose of the research was focused on determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) compounds in atmospheric air. Passive sampling technique, with Radiello® diffusive passive samplers, was used for BTEX sample collection...
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Variable Ratio Sample Rate Conversion Based on Fractional Delay Filter
PublikacjaIn this paper a sample rate conversion algorithm which allows for continuously changing resampling ratio has been presented. The proposed implementation is based on a variable fractional delay filter which is implemented by means of a Farrow structure. Coefficients of this structure are computed on the basis of fractional delay filters which are designed using the offset window method. The proposed approach allows us to freely...
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Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution of organic solutes in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctanium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide using gas–liquid chromatography
PublikacjaBased on gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) retention data, activity coefficients at infinite dilution of 39 different solutes in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctanium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([HDABCO][NTf2]) have been determined. Measurements covered a broad range of types of organic solutes including alkanes, alcohols, ketones, benzene derivatives and McReynold’s compounds. Activity coefficients were...
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Nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes by low-frequency sound in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublikacjaTwo dynamic equations referring to a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas in which molecular vibrational relaxation takes place. are derived. The first one governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode, and the second one describes variations in vibrational energy. Both quantities refer to non-wave types of gas motion. These variations are caused by the nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy into...
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The application of Monod equation to denitrification kinetics description in the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
PublikacjaIn this paper, the kinetic constants Vmax and KCOD occurring in the Monod equation, which describe the denitrification process in the moving bed, are determined. For this purpose, a laboratory moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used. The filling of the reactor consisted of EvU Perl carriers. The experiment was carried out with an excess of nitrate, and denitrification rate was dependent on the concentration of external organic...
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Wykorzystanie Web 2.0 oraz architektury informacji w pracy brokera informacji = TAKING ADVANTAGE OF WEB 2.0 AND THE INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE IN THE INFORMATION BROKER’S WORK
PublikacjaThe development of information and communication technologies, dissemination of access as well as unlimited increase of publications result in the uncontrolled growth of knowledge resources. Looking up for the relevant information becomes increasingly difficult, especially when time plays a role. Such process requires vast knowledge, practical experience in obtaining and providing information and also analytical...
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Effect of Laser Treatment on Intrinsic Mechanical Stresses in Titanium and Some of Its Alloys
PublikacjaLaser surface treatment conducted at different power levels is an option to modify titanium bone implants to produce nano- and microtopography. However, such processing can lead to excess mechanical stress within the surface layer. This research aims to calculate the level of such residual stresses after the surface processing of Ti grade IV, Ti15Mo, and Ti6Al7Nb alloys with an Nd:YAG laser. Light and scanning electron microscopies...
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Wykorzystanie Web 2.0 oraz architektury informacji w pracy brokera informacji.
PublikacjaThe development of information and communication technologies, dissemination of access as well as unlimited increase of publications result in the uncontrolled growth of knowledge resources. Looking up for the relevant information becomes increasingly difficult, especially when time plays a role. Such process requires vast knowledge, practical experience in obtaining and providing information and also analytical skills that...
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The use of Kamienna głowa cabbage species for phytoextraction of zinc and cadmium from the soil
PublikacjaAlthough traditional technologies for cleaning contaminated soils have proven to be efficient, they are usually expensive, labor intensive, and in the case of soil, they produce severe disturbance. Most recently, the use of plants in metal extraction (phytoremediation) has appeared as a promising alternative in the removal of heavy metal excess from soil. Phytoremediation uses of plant for pollutant stabilization, extraction, degradation,...
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ColorNephroNet: Kidney tumor malignancy prediction using medical image colorization
PublikacjaRenal tumor malignancy classification is one of the crucial tasks in urology, being a primary factor included in the decision of whether to perform kidney removal surgery (nephrectomy) or not. Currently, tumor malignancy prediction is determined by the radiological diagnosis based on computed tomography (CT) images. However, it is estimated that up to 16% of nephrectomies could have been avoided because the tumor that had been...
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Incomplete Cross-Bonding in the MV Line. Experience from the Operation of MV Single Cable Lines
PublikacjaCable lines are one of the basic components of power systems. Medium and high voltage cables mainly comprise a metallic sheath, which is concentric to the main core conductor. There are several operating schemes of such cable lines, which differ in the place of earthing of sheaths and the possible use of the sheaths and/or conductors crossing. The sheaths cross-bonding is typically done in two places of one cable line section,...
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An excess electron binding to the `purple' zwitterion quinonoid
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Minichannel and minigap classification criteria based on the aspect ratio of the minigeometry: A numerical study
PublikacjaA detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the diabatic flow distribution and velocity profile in 18 minigeometries with various aspect ratios for V-type and I-type flow configurations (for 36 cases) assuming ethanol as a working fluid. The aim of the study is to distinguish the value of the aspect ratio for which the flow in minigeometry starts to be two-dimensional (minigap). Cases with a constant Reynolds...
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Cylindrical orifice testing in laminar flow with the orifice diameter ratio β = 0.5
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of an experimental study of a cylindrical orifice with the orifice diameter ratio β = 0.5 and the flow opening length‑to‑diameter ratio L/d = 1, with hydraulic oil flowing in the DN50 measuring channel. The measurements of the values characterising the oil flow were made in the laminar flow regime, for the Reynolds numbers ranging between Re = 100 to 950. Based on the experimental tests, standard...
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Ensuring the QoE-Related Fairness to Reduce the User Abandonment Ratio
PublikacjaThese days, it is quite a challenge for app owners to keep users engaged with an app. Currently, the level of user abandonment is one of the key parameters that application owners are interested in. To meet these challenges, we are conducting an extended study of a previously proposed solution that significantly reduces the abandonment rate of a given application. The investigated solution is based on the methods of fairness using...
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STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TURBINE CONDENSER AIR EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING HYDRO EJECTORS
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the 18K380 steam turbine condenser air extraction system using hydro ejectors. Motivation for the analysis is a need of improvement of the energy conversion ratio of the power plant. To achieve this goal it is necessary to establish efficiency of each subsystem of the energy cycle. The air extraction system is not a highly power consuming system but it has great impact...
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The role of organic and mineral constituents on kerogen transformation ratio
PublikacjaThe main aim of this dissertation is to determine the role of mineral and organic matter constituents in kerogen transformation ratio. Practical aspects of the work include application of the results in the assessment of hydrocarbon production potential; to make process of hydrocarbon recovery more predictable consistent and efficient. The work used shale from the Vaca Muerta formation from the Nequen basin in Argentina. The formation...
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Speciation of heavy metal compounds in samples of biota from marine ecosystems
PublikacjaIt has become increasingly evident that the toxicity, mobility, bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metals are dependent on the particular physico-chemical form in which the element occurs in the environment. Special attention is paid to metals, which are essential for the proper functioning of organisms if present in appropriate amounts but are toxic if in excess (i.e. Se, Cr, Zn), and also to non-essential elements (i.e. Hg,...
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Determination of metal content in sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash to find opportunities to use them in the construction industry
PublikacjaSewage sludge management is becoming an increasing problem in developed and developing countries. Due to their physicochemical properties (mainly high content of heavy metals) a safe method of utilization is sought. Considering environmental protection, energy recycling, reduction in use of the raw materials and the possibility of immobilization hazardous substances, the use of ashes in building materials becomes a very good way...
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Comprehensive stabilization of all streams of solid residues formed during sewage sludge thermal treatment – Case study
PublikacjaModern wastewater treatment plants are currently struggling with the problem of processing and ecological management of sewage sludge. Thermal utilization is a frequently used practice of excess sludge utilization especially in large wastewater treatment plants, which seems to be a quite promising concept. However, during thermal treatment, fractions of ashes and dusts are generated. Such wastes, especially the dust fraction, can...
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DIGITAL HYDRAULICS CIRCUIT BASED ON PWM FUNCTION FOR CONTROLLING HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR POSITION
PublikacjaHydraulic systems are used in many different industries, such as multi-source hydrostatic drive systems. In traditional hydraulic systems, a proportional servo valve is used to control the position of hydraulic actuators. The low energy efficiency and high cost of these control valves are two major problems with these systems. Digital hydraulics is one of the most unique ideas on how to solve these problems. Researchers like digital...
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The Concept of Using the Decision-Robustness Function in Integrated Navigation Systems
PublikacjaThe diversity and non-uniformity of the positioning systems available in maritime navigation systems often impede the watchkeeping officer in the selection of the appropriate positioning system, in particular, in restricted basins. Thus, it is necessary to introduce a mathematical apparatus to suggest, in an automated manner, which of the available systems should be used at the given moment of a sea trip. Proper selection of the...
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Thermomagnetic behavior of a semiconductor material heated by pulsed excitation based on the fourth-order MGT photothermal model
PublikacjaThis article proposes a photothermal model to reveal the thermo-magneto-mechanical properties of semiconductor materials, including coupled diffusion equations for thermal conductivity, elasticity, and excess carrier density. The proposed model is developed to account for the optical heating that occurs through the semiconductor medium. The Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation of the fourth-order serves as the theoretical framework...
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Impact of Boundary Conditions on Acoustic Excitation of EntropyPerturbations in a Bounded Volume of Newtonian Gas
PublikacjaExcitation of the entropy mode in the field of intense sound, that is, acoustic heating, is theoreticallyconsidered in this work. The dynamic equation for an excess density which specifies the entropy mode,has been obtained by means of the method of projections. It takes the form of the diffusion equation withan acoustic driving force which is quadratically nonlinear in the leading order. The diffusion coefficient isproportional...
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Abuse or contamination? Ratio determination of clenbuterol enantiomers to distinguish between doping use and meat contamination
PublikacjaClenbuterol has been detected in urine of several athletes during routine doping control in the past years. Athletes claimed that the clenbuterol was ingested by eating contaminated meat. Providing analytical prove for this claim is difficult. clenbuterol consists of two enantiomers, R(-) and S(+)-clenbuterol. Currently available human and veterinary preparations were found to consist of a racemic mixture of both enantiomers. When...
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Chapter 8 – Active Sampling of Air
PublikacjaThis chapter reviews the literature information on analytical techniques and laboratory equipment used for active sampling of air (atmospheric and indoor) in regular monitoring research. It describes popular analytical devices applied for sample collection using various types of polymeric bags, e.g. Tedlar bags, Teflon or Nafion bags, and/or stainless steel vacuum containers. It reviews literature data about the application of...
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Air quality policy in the U.S. and the EU – a review
PublikacjaThe high level of atmospheric pollution is a global problem that has taken on particular significance in recent years and will continue to grow in the near future. Air pollution directly affects the health, living organisms, vegetation, water, soil and buildings. Additionally, it moves easily even over long distances. Certain air pollutants influence the climate, cause negative processes in the protective ozone layer and contribute...
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Electronic Noses for Indoor Air Quality Assessment
PublikacjaThis chapter presents a proposal of the use of electronic noses in the monitoring of indoor air quality. The main focus is put on the detailed characteristics of today’s indoor air quality control methods, the types of pollution in the air, and the development of electronic noses for air testing. Currently, scientists seek methodological and structural solutions that would enable real-time online indoor air control. It has been...
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Particulate Material Analysis in Air
PublikacjaThe chapter presents the methods and techniques used to asses the PM10 in air and different instruments typically used in analysis of PM, including sampling of particle by using filters and other systems. Besides the methods recommended by different national standards the other methods, especially electronic microscopy are also described.
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The HAlF4 superacid fragmentation induced by an excess electron attachment
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Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Uses for Air Purification
PublikacjaChemical compounds released into the air by the activities of industrial plants and emitted from many other sources, including in households (paints, waxes, cosmetics, disinfectants, plastic (PVC) flooring), may affect the environment and human health. Thus, air purification is an important issue in the context of caring for the condition of the environment. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as liquids with environmentally friendly...
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Thermodynamic Characteristics of Phenacetin in Solid State and Saturated Solutions in Several Neat and Binary Solvents
PublikacjaThe thermodynamic properties of phenacetin in solid state and in saturated conditions in neat and binary solvents were characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry and spectroscopic solubility measurements. The temperature-related heat capacity values measured for both the solid and melt states were provided and used for precise determination of the values for ideal solubility, fusion thermodynamic functions, and...
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Prediction of Pile Shaft Capacity in Tension Based on Some Direct CPT Methods—Vistula Marshland Test Site
PublikacjaThis paper presents different CPT methodologies for the prediction of the pile shaft resistance in tension on the example of three reference screw piles of the Jazowa test site in Poland. The shaft capacity was estimated based on the cone resistance, sleeve friction and CPT excess pore water pressure. Three piles with diameter 0.4 m and the length varied from 8 m to 14.6 m were subjected to static load tests in tension. Their...