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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: passive safety
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ON ESTIMATION OF OCCUPANT SAFETY IN VEHICULAR CRASHES INTO ROADSIDE OBSTACLES USING NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
PublikacjaThe article describes a comparison of two general methods of occupants safety estimation based on a numerical examples. The so-called direct method is mainly based on the Head Injury Criterion of a crash test dummy in a vehicle with passive safety system while the indirect method uses a European standards approach to estimate impact severity level. Numerical simulations in LS-DYNA have been conducted.
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Performance of Passive and Active Balancing Systems of Lithium Batteries in Onerous Mine Environment
PublikacjaTo use lithium-iron-phosphate battery packs in the supply systems of any electric mining equipment and/or machines, the required conditions of work safety must be met. This applies in particular to coal mines endangered by fire and/or explosion. To meet the spark-safety conditions, the cells (together with the battery management system—BMS) must be isolated from the influence of the environment, and therefore placed in special...
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Architectural and Urban Planning Solutions for the Protection of Heritage Buildings in the Context of Terrorist Attacks: Following the Example of Passive Protection Systems
PublikacjaEvents in recent years showing numerous terrorist attacks raise awareness regarding the neces-sity of considering the safety of heritage buildings. The analysis of available data allows us to conclude that it is not possible to fully prevent terrorist attacks. On the other hand, it is possible to minimize the impact of such incidents through proper design of Passive Protection System (PPS) components. One possible architectural...
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Experiment with small objects floating under water in the harbor security aspect.
PublikacjaObservation of the underwater area is the element of general trend which primary purpose is to protect and enhance the safety of the selected region. The aim of the paper is to present the acoustic characteristics of typical objects floating on the surface or under the water, which constitute some knowledge on how to detect these objects. Create a catalog of acoustic signatures and acoustic images of objects mostly floating under...
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Comparison analysis of selected nuclear power plants supplied with helium from high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
PublikacjaThe article presents results of efficiency calculations for two 560 MW nuclear cycles with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). An assumption was made that systems of this type can be used in so-called marine nuclear power plants. The first analysed system is the nuclear steam power plant. For the steam cycle, the efficiency calculations were performed with the code DIAGAR, which is dedicated for analysing this type of systems....
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Towards Understanding the Health Aspects of the Processing of Lignocellulosic Fillers
PublikacjaHealth and safety issues should be addressed during the development and investigation of the industrial processes. In order to develop a sustainable process and fully evaluate its benefits and drawbacks for its optimization, it is crucial to determine its impact on the surrounding environment. This study aimed to assess the emission of volatile organic compounds during the modification of lignocellulosic fillers with passive dosimetry....
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The KLC Cultures, Tacit Knowledge, and Trust Contribution to Organizational Intelligence Activation
PublikacjaIn this paper, the authors address a new approach to three organizational, functional cultures: knowledge culture, learning culture, and collaboration culture, named together the KLC cultures. Authors claim that the KLC approach in knowledge-driven organizations must be designed and nourished to leverage knowledge and intellectual capital. It is suggested that they are necessary for simultaneous implementation because no one of...
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Passive sampling and/or extraction techniques in environmental analysis: a review
PublikacjaThe current state-of-the-art of passive sampling and/or extraction methods for long-term monitoring of pollutants in different environmental compartments is discussed in this review. Passive dosimeters that have been successfully used to monitor organic and inorganic contaminants in air, water, sediments, and soil are presented. The application of new approaches to the determination of pollutants at the sampling stage is discussed....
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Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air in the Gdansk Area Using Permeation Passive Samplers
PublikacjaPassive dosimetry — known for over a hundred years — is still a useful tool in monitoring air pollutants. In this work, permeation passive samplers were used to determine indoor air quality in 22 apartments located in the Gdansk area in the northern part of Poland. The results obtained by the passive sampling technique were compared to those obtained by dynamic sampling. Attempts were also made to identify indoor sources of...
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Measurement of benzene concentration in urban air using passive sampling
PublikacjaAbstract The concentration of benzene in urban air in theTri-City area of Poland (Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia, andTczew) was assessed using diffusive passive samplers (Rad-iello). Samples were collected during a four-year monitoringcampaign (2007-2010) at selected monitoring stations man-aged by the Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring inthe Gdańsk Metropolitan Area (ARMAAG) Foundation.The performance of the passive samplers was investigatedin...
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New Alternative Passive Networks to Improve the Range Output Voltage Regulation of the PWM Inverters
PublikacjaThis paper presents different topologies of buck-boost converters with passive input networks that have alternative topologies; this is known in the literature as a Z-source inverter. Alternative passive networks were named by the authors as T-inverters; these improve output voltage regulation of the PWM inverters. T-inverter has fewer reactive components in comparison to conventional Z-source inverter. The most significant advantage...
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Application of passive sampling techniques as a usable tool in the field of environmental quality monitoring
PublikacjaAnalysis of literature data published for the past 20 years leads to the conclusion, that passive sampling technique has been developing very quickly and is commonly used in the field of monitoring pollutants in air, water and soil environment. The popularity of application of passive sampling techniques in analytical and environmental chemistry results from its many advantages e.g.: Simplicity in use, low costs of exploitation,...
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Miniaturized Passive Emission Chambers for In Situ Measurement of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds
PublikacjaThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air. The presence of dangerous chemical compounds in indoor air can have an adverse impact on human health and cause numerous diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Such harmful chemicals get into indoor air as a result of their emission from building and indoor materials....
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UHF ESPAR antenna for simple Angle of Arrival estimation in UHF RFID applications
PublikacjaAn electronically switched beam antenna for localization of passive UHF RFID tags based on a simple Angle of Arrival (AoA) technique is proposed‥ Detailed antenna design and realization are presented together with corresponding simulations and measurement results. Experimental tests with passive UHF RFID tag show the validity of theoretical assumptions for application of the antenna in UHF RFID based localization systems.
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Application of Passive Samplers in Monitoring of Organic Constituents of Air
PublikacjaThe principles of passive dosimetry, which has been known for over 100 years, are finding an ever increasing use in analytical practice and are being used as a convenient technique for isolation and enrichment of analytes from various environmental media. Due to its simplicity, a variety of designs, as well as the possibility of using a number of different final determination techniques, passive dosimetry has been applied in...
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Miniaturized passive emission test chamber for in-situ measurement of emissions of organic compounds
PublikacjaThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air (outdoor). One of the main groups of chemical compounds present in indoor air, with proven harmfulness to health,are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs present indoor comprise a wide variety of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons derivatives including aliphatic, aromatics, alkylbenzens,...
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The passive operating mode of the linear optical gesture sensor
PublikacjaThe study evaluates the influence of natural light conditions on the effectiveness of the linear optical gesture sensor, working in the presence of ambient light only (passive mode). The orientations of the device in reference to the light source were modified in order to verify the sensitivity of the sensor. A criterion for the differentiation between two states - "possible gesture" and "no gesture" - was proposed. Additionally,...
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Application of the chromatographic retention index system for the estimation of the calibration constants of permeation passive samplers with polydimethylsiloxane membranes
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of research on the calibration of permeation passive samplers equipped with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes using the physico-chemical properties of the analytes. Strong correlations were found between the calibration constants of the samplers and the linear temperature-programmed retention indices of the analytes determined on columns coated with pure PDMS (r2 = 0.914). These correlations...
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Influence of passive house technology on time and cost of construction investment
PublikacjaDue to the changes in the energy standards for housing in Poland there are many concerns. Is the standard required by the regulation achievable and if it is, then at what cost? There are many solutions to construct a building in line with the requirements of passive house technology. They are differentiated by price and time required for implementation. This study is based on the solution proposed by one of Polish companies, offering...
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New type T-Source inverter
PublikacjaThis paper presents different topologies of voltage inverters with alternative input LC networks. The basic topology is known in the literature as a Z-source inverter (ZSI). Alternative passive networks were named by the authors as T-sources. T-source inverter has fewer reactive components in comparison to conventional Z-source inverter. The most significant advantage of the T-source inverter (TSI) is its use of a common voltage...
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Small-scale passive emission chamber for screening studies on monoterpene emission flux from the surface of wood-based indoor elements
PublikacjaAnalysis of literature data published in the last fewyears leads to the conclusion that in the process of assessment of emission flux of organic compounds emitted from different types of equipment and finishing materials, new types of devices, among which small-scale passive emission chambers for the performance of in-situ research are designed and applied on a larger scale. These devices can be successfully used for the assessment...
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Pounding mitigation of a short-span cable-stayed bridge using a new hybrid passive control system
PublikacjaThis paper investigates the effectiveness of a new hybrid passive control system on the seismic response of an existing steel cable-stayed bridge considering the pounding effect. The proposed hybrid passive control system comprises a seismic isolator and a metallic damper. The bridge is located in a high seismic zone and has suffered several damages including the earthquake-induced pounding damage during the 1988 earthquake....
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Effect of native air-formed oxidation on the corrosion behavior of AA7075 aluminum alloys
PublikacjaThe microstructure of aluminum alloys plays a key role in their corrosion resistance. In particular, the presence of intermetallic precipitates differing in the potential from the alloy matrix induces local corrosion. The study presents the effect of native air-formed oxidation on the corrosion behavior of AA 7075 aluminum alloy. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to examine the changes occurring in the...
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The influence of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities on the seasonal fluctuations of BTEX in the urban air of the Hanseatic city of Gdansk, Poland
PublikacjaThe results of studies conducted in Gdansk in the period from January to December 2013 and focused on the determination of BTEX in the atmospheric air are presented. At the stage of the isolation and/or enrichment of analytes from the gaseous medium, a passive sampling technique—Radiello® diffusive passive samplers, was applied. The time-weighted average annual concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes...
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Green Sample Collection
PublikacjaThe term of “green sample collection” is directly associated with both passive and dynamic analytical tools which allow for simultaneous management of the stage of collection and isolation and/or enrichment of a broad spectrum of chemical compounds from environmental samples. The use of passive sampling techniques at the stage of sample collection makes it possible to obtain in a simple yet inexpensive manner an analytical information...
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Electrical mapping of AISI 304 stainless steel subjected to intergranular corrosion performed by means of AFM-LIS in the contact mode
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of the AFM-based approach to local impedance spectroscopy (LIS) measurements performed in a 20 20 lm grid within an austenite grain–grain boundary region for sensitized AISI 304 stainless steel (SS). Maps of electrical parameters obtained on the basis of localized impedance spectra were demonstrated, presenting their changes and correlation with the sample topography. Performed research revealed significant...
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Near Field Coupled Wireless Microwave Sensor
PublikacjaThis paper presents a wireless planar microwave sensor operating at industrial scientific and medical (ISM) frequency for the detection of dielectric materials. The microwave sensor consists of a reader (ground defected microstrip coupled line) and a passive tag where a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is made on the commercially available copper-foil. The CSRR is a peel-off type tag that is excited using the near field...
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The home-made in situ passive flux sampler for the measurement of monoterpene emission flux: preliminary studies
PublikacjaThe paper presents the construction and metrological characteristics of the home-made in situ passive flux sampler, an analytical tool representing small-scale emission chambers working in situ and passively sampling analytes from the gaseous phase. The sorption element was a cylindrical container made of stainless steel net, packed with a carbon sorbent bed-graphitized charcoal, Carbograph 4 (35/50mesh). The recommended working/exposure...
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Application of galvanodynamic impedance spectroscopy for studying passive film cracking under mechanical strain
PublikacjaThe paper reports the results of simultaneous mechanical and electrochemical investigations on austenitic (18/8) stainless steel in a 2 % solution of sulphuric acid. The measurements were performed using Galvanodynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (GDEIS). Electrochemical analysis of mechanical passive layer cracking and repassivation conditions during a tensile test was carried out. Application of this methodology allowed...
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CM Voltage Compensators for Power Electronic Interfaces
PublikacjaThe experimental results presented in the paper have shown that the application of the PEIs might cause EMC related problems, especially in the case of the application of a group of connected converters. The most convenient way to reduce EMI currents and prevent aggregation of EMI currents introduced by a group of converters is through passive compensation of voltage interference sources inside of the single converters. In the...
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Signal conditioning for examination of shallow-water acoustic noise correlation properties
PublikacjaThe article describes the process of signal conditioning for examination of acoustic noise correlation properties in shallow water. Knowledge of these properties is very important for the design processes of passive and active hydroacoustic systems. This paper focuses on the above issue from the point of view of passive sonar. In sonar systems, signal processing algorithms operate on both useful acoustic signals, and accompanying...
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Analysis of activity of people using motion sensors
PublikacjaThe article presents the designed and implemented system for activity monitoring of people using passive motion sensors and methods for activity maps generation. In the paper he method is presented and results obtained for simulated data and for data from observations with the participation of people.
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Prediction of ringing frequencies in DC-DC boost converter
PublikacjaIn the paper ringing phenomena in a DC-DC boost converter is presented. The ringing frequency is calculated using an analytical formula. The necessary wide band models of MOSFET transistor, passive and parasitics are described. The calculation results are verified in simulation and laboratory tests.
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Hydrogen effects in duplex stainless steel welded joints - electrochemical studies
PublikacjaIn this work results on the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) welded joints are described. The results were discussed by taking into account three different areas on the welded joint: weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal. The corrosion resistance was qualified with the polarization curves registered in a synthetic sea water. The conclusion is that,...
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Automatic localization and continous tracking of mobile sound source using passive acoustic radar
PublikacjaA concept, practical realization and applications of the passive acoustic radar for localization and continuous tracking of fixed and mobile sound sources such as: cars, trucks, aircrafts and sources of shooting, explosions were presented in the paper. The device consists of the new kind of multi-channel miniature three dimensional sound intensity sensors invented by the Microflown company and a group of digital signal processing...
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Plate heat exchanger with porous structure for potential use in ORC system
PublikacjaThe experimental analysis of passive heat transfer intensification in the case of plate heat exchanger has been carried out. The passive intensification was obtained by a modification of the heat transfer surface, which was covered by a metallic porous microlayer. The experiment was accomplished in two stages. In the first stage the commercial stainless steel gasketed plate heat exchanger was investigated, while in the second one...
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Plate heat exchanger with porous structure for potential use in ORC system
PublikacjaThe experimental analysis of passive heat transfer intensification in the case of plate heat exchanger has been carried out. The passive intensification was obtained by a modification of the heat transfer surface, which was covered by a metallic porous microlayer. The experiment was accomplished in two stages. In the first stage the commercial stainless steel gasketed plate heat exchanger was investigated, while in the second one...
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Planning a Cost-Effective Delay-Constrained Passive Optical Network for 5G Fronthaul
PublikacjaWith the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry moving towards 5G and beyond (5GB) and the emergence of data-hungry and time-sensitive applications, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are faced with a considerable challenge to keep up with these new demands. Cloud radio access network (CRAN) has emerged as a cost-effective architecture that improves 5GB performance. The fronthaul segment of the CRAN necessitates a high-capacity...
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Unconventional and user-friendly sampling techniques of semi-volatile organic compounds present in an indoor environment: An approach to human exposure assessment
PublikacjaThe commonly applied solutions used to assess the potential risk of human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are based on the investigation of biological samples collected in an invasive or non-invasive manner. For SVOCs, which are typically introduced to humans through the respiratory system, dermal adsorption, or digestive system, sampling solutions generally used in the indoor environments are classified as...
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Control strategy for the multilevel cascaded H-bridge converter
PublikacjaThe paper presents the control strategy for Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter . The converter output voltage using Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM) strategy is controlled. The DC-link voltages are controlled by appropriate choice of H-Bridges and appropriate choice of active and passive vectors.
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Urban Prototyping in CAVE Cooperation Between the Academy of Fine Arts in Gdansk and the Gdansk University of Technology
PublikacjaThe paper describes results of cooperation between the Passive Architecture Laboratory at the Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk and the Immersive 3D Visualization Lab at the Gdańsk University of Technology. The authors as the design supervisors (respectively for a team of architects and a team of IT specialists) present advantages and disadvantages of urban design with use of virtual reality.
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Neurochemical changes underlying cognitive impairment in olfactory bulbectomized rats and the impact of the mGlu5-positive allosteric modulator CDPPB
PublikacjaThe olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rat model is a well-established model of depression in which antidepressant drugs reverse deficits in the passive avoidance test 14 days after administration. Recently, the olfactory bulbectomized rat model has been proposed to be a model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the available data indicate similarities between the changes that typically occur in AD and those observed in OBX animals. In...
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Application of passive sampling technique in monitoring research on quality of atmospheric air in the area of Tczew, Poland.
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of atmospheric air quality research in Tczew (adjacent to the Vistula River) on the content of BTEX compounds. Analytical procedure applied during the sampling of the analytes from the air used the passive sampling technique (diffusive passive sampler, Radiello®). For determination of BTEX compounds in atmospheric air, two-stage thermal desorption technique combined with gas chromatography (TD-GC-FID)...
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Mathemathical model of radial passive magnetic bearing
PublikacjaIn the article mathematical radial model of passive magnetic bearings to ocean engineering units has been presented. The units application in underwater thrusters should increase propulsion systems durability and gives lower maintenance costs. The rotor of electric motor is hanging in magnetic field taken from radial passive magnetic bearings. However axial direction maintenance must be controlled with electromagnets and their...
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Quality measure of VoIP services in carrier grade systems
PublikacjaThis paper describes passive measurement method of VoIP services quality in carrier grade systems, engaging slight system resources. Measurement is based on analyzing quality information in sender and receiver reports in RTCP packets sent by the end points of RTP session. Data is analyzed and stored by Session Boarder Controllers SBC. Objective evaluation of VoIP calls is based on quality information of IP connection and voice...
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Application of passive acoustic radar to automatic localization, tracking and classification of sound sources
PublikacjaA concept, practical realization and applications of the passive acoustic radar to automatic localization, tracking and classification of sound sources were presented in the paper. The device consists of a new kind of multichannel miniature sound intensity sensors and a group of digital signal processing algorithms. Contrary to active radars, it does not emit the scanning beam but after receiving surrounding sounds it provides...
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Effect of cobalt addition on the corrosion behaviorof near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy in normal saline solution: electrochemical and XPS studies
PublikacjaThe electrochemical and corrosion (uniform and localized) behavior of a binary Ni52Ti48 shape memory alloy (SMA) and two ternary Ni52Ti48-xCox (x = 1.5 and 4.0 wt.%) SMAs were studied. Measurements were conducted in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 oC employing various electrochemical methods. These include: linear polarization resistance (LPR), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy...
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Comparison of Impedance-Source Networks for Two and Multilevel Buck–Boost Inverter Applications
Publikacjampedance-source networks are an increasingly popular solution in power converter applications, especially in single-stage buck-boost power conversion to avoid additional front-end dc-dc power converters. In the survey papers published, no analytical comparisons of different topologies have been described, which makes it difficult to choose the best option. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analytical comparison...
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Novel single-stage buck-boost inverter with unfolding circuit
PublikacjaA novel solution of a single-stage buck-boost inverter with unfolding circuit at the output stage is presented. The inverter has a wide range of input voltage regulation, minimum passive components and a very flexible control structure. It can be applied for renewable energy systems where high power density is required. Our simulation results confirmed all theoretical statements
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Discrete Modelling of Micro-structural Phenomena in Granular Shear Zones
PublikacjaThe micro-structure evolution in shear zones in cohesionless sand for quasi-static problems was analyzed with a discrete element method (DEM). The passive sand failure for a very rought retaining wall undergoing horizontal translation towards the sand backfill was discussed. To simulate the behaviour of sand, the spherical discrete element model was used with elements in the form of rigid spheres with contacts moments.