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Vaccine versus infection – COVID-19-related loss of training time in elite athletes
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Low temperature removal of SO2 traces from air by MgO-loaded porous carbons
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Implementacja płaszczyzny danych i płaszczyzny sterowania dla Równoległego Internetu IPv6 QoS
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono aspekty związane z implementacją węzłów Równoległego Internetu (RI) IPv6 QoS na platformach umożliwiających wirtualizację. RI IPv6 QoS jest oparty na architekturze DiffServ i NGN. Zgodnie z architekturą DiffServ, w sieci IP wyróżniamy węzły brzegowe oraz szkieletowe, które wyposażone są w mechanizmy Quality of Service (QoS) wspierające gwarancje QoS dla przekazu pakie¬tów w sieci. Implementacja węzłów IPv6...
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Dynamic mass measurement in checkweighers using a discrete time-variant low-pass filter
PublikacjaConveyor belt type checkweighers are complex mechanical systems consisting of a weighing sensor (strain gauge load cell, electrodynamically compensated load cell), packages (of different shapes, made of different materials) and a transport system (motors, gears, rollers). Disturbances generated by the vibrating parts of such a system are reflected in the signal power spectra in a form of strong spectral peaks, located usually in...
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Response of a New Low-Coherence Fabry-Perot Sensor to Hematocrit Levels in Human Blood
PublikacjaIn this paper, a low-coherence Fabry-Perot sensor with a spectrally measured signal processing response to the refractive index of liquids is presented. Optical fiber sensors are potentially capable of continuous measuring hematocrit levels in blood. Low-coherence Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors offer a robust solution, where information about the measurand is encoded in the full spectrum of light reflected from the sensing...
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Evaluation of RTKLIB's Positioning Accuracy Using low-cost GNSS Receiver and ASG-EUPOS
PublikacjaThe paper focuses on a comparison of different positioning methods provided by free and open source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB. The RTKLIB supports real‐time and post‐processed positioning. The most important modes of operation tested by the authors are Kinematic, Static, Fixed and Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The data for evaluation were obtained from low‐cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver....
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Low-energy positron scattering from DNA nucleobases: the effects from permanent dipoles
PublikacjaAb initio quantum calculations for low-energy positron scattering from gas-phase isolated molecular nucleobases which are part of the DNA structure are presented and discussed over the range of 1 eV to 25 eV. The calculations report the integral cross sections (ICSs) and the momentum-transfer cross sections (MTCSs) for Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine. The calculations show very clearly the important role of the dominant...
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The influence of the thickness, recombination and space charge on the loss of photocurrent in organic semiconductors: an analytical model
PublikacjaWe propose an analytical model of the photocurrent efficiency dependence on the light intensity in organic semiconductors. The influence of the thickness of sample, space charge effects and recombination of charge on the loss of photocurrent has been considered. We demonstrate that the presented model is the enhancement of an analytical model reported recently by Rappaport et al (2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 033714). The method to identify...
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Problems of the starting and operating of hydraulic components and systems in low ambient temperature (Part II)
PublikacjaPodczas rozruchu zespołów hydraulicznych w warunkach szoku termicznego dochodzi do dynamicznej zmiany wymiarów elementów tych zespołów. Odkształcenia elementów powodują zmianę efektywnego luzu między współpracującymi elementami. Na zmiany luzu ma pływ między innymi: różnica temperatur pomiędzy gorącym olejem a zimnym zespołem hydraulicznym, natężeniem przepływu czynnika roboczego, konstrukcji zespołu, rodzaju materiału i kształtu...
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Determination of ability of machines with hydraulic drive during start-up in low ambient temperatures
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono sposoby określania zdatności maszyn z napędem hydraulicznym podczas rozruchu w niskich temperaturach otoczenia. Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i symulacji komputerowej nagrzewania się układów maszyny roboczych i zespołów hydraulicznych podczas rozruchu w warunkach szoku termicznego.
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Economic growth and role of medium and low tech industries versus high tech industries
PublikacjaRozdział w monografii stanowiący kompleksową analizę wpływu oraz roli sektora niskich oraz średnich technologii we wzroście gospodarczym. Rola tych 2 sektorów jest przeciwstawiona roli sektora wysokich technologii we wzroście gospodarczym. Autorzy przeprowadzają analizę dla krajów OECD.
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Random components influence on the values characterising periodic disturbances in low voltage supply lines.
PublikacjaAnalizowano wpływ składowych losowych na wielkości charakteryzujących zaburzenia okresowe w napięciu zasilania na przykładzie współczynnika zawartości harmonicznych (THD). Zaprezentowano sposób wyznaczania niepewności pomiaru współczynnika THD, uwzględniający występowanie korelacji pomiędzy składową podstawową i kolejnymi harmonicznymi napięcia sieci a także między poszczególnymi harmonicznymi. Przedstawiono analizę wyników z pomiarów...
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1.2V low-power four-quadrant CMOS transconductance multiplier operating in saturation region.
PublikacjaW pracy opisano niskomocową strukturę układową liniowego transkonduktancyjnego mnożnika czteroćwiartkowego pracującego w zakresie nasycenia. Układ analizowano z uwzględnieniem standardowego 0,35-mikrometrowego procesu CMOS. Przeprowadzone symulacje przy pomocy programu SPICE wykazały wysoką liniowość w odniesieniu do obu wejść sterujących X, Y. Np. dla sygnału harmonicznego 1 MHz; 0,3Vp-p na wejściu Y uzyskano zniekształcenia...
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MPEG-7-based low level descriptor effectiveness in the automatic musical sound classification.
PublikacjaCelem referatu jest określenie, które z parametrów opisowych MPEG-7 są najbardziej przydatne w klasyfikacji dźwięków instrumentów muzycznych. Określana jest wysokość dźwięku a następnie wyznaczane są wartości parametrów zawartych w standardzie MPEG-7. Otrzymany wektor parametrów poddawany jest analizie statystycznej w celu wyeliminowania danych nadmiarowych. Do celów automatycznej klasyfikacji i testów zaprojektowano dwa systemy...
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Degradation and damage of advanced polymer composites due to environmental effects and low velocity impact
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono zagadnienie wpływu srodowiska wody oraz niskoenergetycznego udaru na właściwości mechaniczne laminatów epoksydowych wzmocnionych włóknami węglowymi, szklanymi, aramidowymi i hybrydowymi. Na tle krótkiego przeglądu literatury na dany temat przedstawiono oryginalne wyniki badań eksperymentalnych autorki.
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Measurement of selected characteristics of low-coherence optical signal sources for optical coherence tomography
PublikacjaOCT to nowa metoda badania wewnętrznych struktur materiałów. Wśród wielu technik detekcji sygnału optycznego wykorzystywanych w OCT najpopularniejszą i najbardziej obiecującą jest OLCR (Opticla-Low Coherence Reflectomerty - reflektometria niskokoherentna). OLCR wykorzystuje szerokopasmowe źródła, których parametry, jak np.: charakterystyka widmowa, charakterystyka szumowa, determinują właściwości metrologiczne systemu OCT. W artykule...
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The effect of low energy impact on the tensile strength of coated and uncoated glass particulate composites.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono model teoretyczny pozwalający przewidywać poudarową wytrzymałość na rozciąganie w funkcji parametrów materiałowych i budowy kompozytu. Określono eksperymentalnie poudarową wytrzymałość na ściskanie kompozytów zbrojonych ciągłym włóknem szklanym w osnowie żywicy epoksydowej napełnianej mikrokulkami szklanymi w celu obniżenia skłonności do powstawania dużych zniszczeń przy udarze o niskiej energii. Wyniki eksperymentalnie...
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Low frequency noise and reliability properties of 0.12um CMOS devices with Ta2O5 as gate dielectrics
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości tranzystorów CMOS 0.12um z Ta2O5 użytym jako dielektryk bramki. Przedstawione są charakterystyki statyczne elementów oraz wyniki pomiarów szumów prowadzonych w celu określenia jakości warstwy dielektrycznej Ta2O5, a także wyniki badań przeciążeniowych elementów.
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Analysis of exhaled breath for dengue disease detection by low-cost electronic nose system
PublikacjaThis paper presents a procedure and a set-up of an electronic nose system analyzing exhaled breath to detect the patients suffering from dengue – a mosquito-borne tropical disease. Low-power resistive gas sensors (MiCS-6814, TGS8100) were used to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath. The end-tidal phase of patients exhaled breath was collected with a BioVOCTM breath sampler. Two strategies were assessed...
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Upgrading low value-added activities in global value chains: a functional specialisation approach
PublikacjaThis paper aims to identify patterns of functional specialisation (FS) in global value chains (GVCs) and determinants of upgrading them for selected Central Eastern European (CEE) economies. By combing the World Input-Output Database with data on occupations, we reveal a new FS pattern among subgroups of CEEs. Poland and Slovakia have an unfavourable GVC position and specialise in low value-added fabrication function. In contrast,...
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Waste tire rubber as low-cost and environmentally-friendly modifier in thermoset polymers – a review
PublikacjaNowadays, waste tire rubber (WTR) management is a growing and serious problem. Therefore, research works focused on the development of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly methods of WTR recycling are fully justified. Incorporation of WTR into polymer matrices and composite materials attracts much attention, because this approach allows sustainable development of industrially applicable waste tires recycling technologies....
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THE EFFECT OF LOG SORTING STRATEGY ON THE FORECASTED LUMBER VALUE AFTER SAWING PINE WOOD
PublikacjaThe optimal transformation path for the resource is determined by the quality of a log combined with its dimension. The commercial value of derived products is also closely connected with the size and extent of containing wood deficiencies. The results of studies with three diverse strategies for log sorting are presented in the paper. Resource assessment by a worker without extensive experience in sorting logs, the certified grading...
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Effect of austempering temperature on microstructure and cyclic deformation behaviour of multiphase low-carbon steel
PublikacjaThis paper examined the cyclic deformation behaviour of multiphase low-carbon steel that was subjected to austempering heat treatments at four temperatures (190 °C, 230 °C, 275 °C, and 315 °C) below the martensite start temperature (Ms = 353 °C). The tests were conducted at room temperature, under fully reversed strain-controlled conditions, with strain amplitudes in the range 0.5–1.0%. The microstructure was observed by transmission...
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Methods of deep modification of low-bearing soil for the foundation of new and spare air runways
PublikacjaAfter analyzing the impact of aircraft on the airport pavement (parking spaces, runways, startways), it was considered advisable to consider the problem of deep improvement or strengthening of its subsoil. This is especially true for low-bearing soil. The paper presents a quick and effective method of strengthening the subsoil intended for the construction of engineering structures used for civil...
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Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
PublikacjaThe experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2,...
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An automated, low-latency environment for studying the neural basis of behavior in freely moving rats
PublikacjaBackground Behavior consists of the interaction between an organism and its environment, and is controlled by the brain. Brain activity varies at sub-second time scales, but behavioral measures are usually coarse (often consisting of only binary trial outcomes). Results To overcome this mismatch, we developed the Rat Interactive Foraging Facility (RIFF): a programmable interactive arena for freely moving rats with multiple feeding...
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Novel Tools for Comprehensive Functional Analysis of LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor) Variants
PublikacjaFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused mainly by substitutions in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene, leading to an increased risk of premature cardiovascular diseases. Tremendous advances in sequencing techniques have resulted in the discovery of more than 3000 variants of the LDLR gene, but not all of them are clinically relevant. Therefore, functional studies of selected variants...
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Problems of the starting and operating of hydraulic components and systems in low ambient temperature (Part I)
PublikacjaW artykule przestawnie są problemy rozruchu i działania zespołów i układów hydraulicznych w niskich temperaturach otoczenia. Z tych powodów autor przebadał hydrauliczne zespoły i układy w warunkach szoku termicznego (oziębione zespoły zasilano gorącym czynnikiem roboczym). Określono parametry rozruchu w tych warunkach kilku zespołów oraz układów hydraulicznych, przy których ich eksploatacja jest bezpieczna. Badania eksperymentalne...
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Microemulsion Delivery Systems with Low Surfactant Concentrations: Optimization of Structure and Properties by Glycol Cosurfactants
PublikacjaExtensive use of microemulsions as delivery systems raises interest in the safe ingredients that can form such systems. Here, we assessed the use of two glycols, i.e., propylene glycol and pentylene glycol, and their mixtures to manipulate the properties and structure of microemulsions. Obtained systems with glycols were extensively characterized in terms of capacity to incorporate water phase, droplet size, polydispersity, structure...
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A Low-Cost System for Far-Field Non-Anechoic Measurements of Antenna Performance Figures
PublikacjaPrototype measurements are the key step in the development of antenna structures. Typically, their far-field characteristics are validated in expensive, dedicated facilities such as open range sites, or anechoic chambers. Despite being necessary for obtaining high-precision data (e.g., for device qualification), the use of costly infrastructure might not be fully justified when the main goal of measurements includes demonstration...
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Two-Rate Based Low-Complexity Variable Fractional-Delay FIR Filter Structures
PublikacjaThis paper considers two-rate based structures for variable fractional-delay (VFD) finite-length impulse response (FIR) filters. They are single-rate structures but derived through a two-rate approach. The basic structure considered hitherto utilizes a regular half-band (HB) linear-phase filter and the Farrow structure with linear-phase subfilters. Especially for wide-band specifications, this structure is computationally efficient...
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The Conceptual Research over Low-Switching Modulation Strategy for Matrix Converters with the Coupled Reactors
PublikacjaIn this paper, different Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategies for operating with a low-switching frequency, a topology that combines Conventional Matrix Converters (CMCs), and Coupled Reactors (CRs) are presented and discussed. The principles of the proposed strategies are first discussed by a conceptual analysis and later validated by simulation. The paper shows how the combination of CMCs and CRs could be of special interest...
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Neural network based algorithm for hand gesture detection in a low-cost microprocessor applications
PublikacjaIn this paper the simple architecture of neural network for hand gesture classification was presented. The network classifies the previously calculated parameters of EMG signals. The main goal of this project was to develop simple solution that is not computationally complex and can be implemented on microprocessors in low-cost 3D printed prosthetic arms. As the part of conducted research the data set EMG signals corresponding...
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Design of Intelligent Low-Voltage Load Switch for Remote Control System in Smart Grid
PublikacjaCurrent low-voltage load switches do not support remote disconnect/connect and real-time monitoring of a disconnect/connect state. Addressing to these issues, this paper presents a low-voltage load switch for a smart remote control system, which uses a one-chip microcontroller board and a DC step motor drive mechanism and provides the feedback on the switch status also. Arrears disconnect and full-pay connect control is implemented...
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On the Usefulness of the Generalised Additive Model for Mean Path Loss Estimation in Body Area Networks
PublikacjaIn this article, the usefulness of the Generalised Additive Model for mean path loss estimation in Body Area Networks is investigated. The research concerns a narrow-band indoor off-body network operating at 2.45 GHz, being based on measurements performed with four different users. The mean path loss is modelled as a sum of four components that depend on path length, antenna orientation angle, absolute difference between transmitting...
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ASSESSMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EMISSIONS FROM RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublikacjaThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, it should not be forgotten that recycled plastics are not pure materials, and they still may show an unfavorable environmental impact. They may contain different contaminants...
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Electrical safety in low-voltage DC microgrids with B-type residual current devices
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are most popular devices used in low-voltage installations for protection against electric shock and fire. In cases of high risk of electric shock the application of RCDs is mandatory. Currently, the spread of local direct current (DC) microgrids is widely considered. This creates new challenges for protective systems, in particular those based on RCDs. The main purpose of the research is to test...
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Normalized Partial Scattering Cross Section for Performance Evaluation of Low-Observability Scattering Structures
PublikacjaThe development of diffusion metasurfaces created new opportunities to elevate the stealthiness of combat aircraft. Despite the potential significance of metasurfaces, their rigorous design methodologies are still lacking, especially in the context of meticulous control over the scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves through geometry parameter tuning. Another practical issue is insufficiency of the existing performance metrics,...
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Performance Evaluation of GAM in Off-Body Path Loss Modelling for Body Area Networks
PublikacjaThis paper addresses the performance evaluation of an off-body path loss model, based on measurements at 2.45 GHz, which has been developed with the use of the Generalised Additive Model, allowing to model a non-linear dependence on different predictor variables. The model formulates path loss as a function of distance, antennas’ heights, antenna orientation angle and polarisation, results showing that performance is very sensitive...
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Prototype design and development of low-load-roof photovoltaic modules for applications in on-grid systems
PublikacjaFour prototypes of lightweight photovoltaic modules for applications in on-grid systems have been designed, developed, manufactured and tested for compliance with relevant IEC standards. Selected, commercially available materials characterized by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation technique were used in frameless, adhesively-bonded sandwich-structures...
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The Dilemmas of Choosing a Suitable Technology for Low Energy and Passive Houses in the Context of their Overheating Issues
PublikacjaIn compliance with European Union directives, numerous countries are introducing increasingly stricter legal limits on the estimated energy consumption of newly designed residential buildings. However, the fact, that regulations and designers' efforts are focused on decreasing energy consumption (and consequently carbon dioxide emissions) only at the post-occupancy stage, may lead to a significant increase in the carbon footprint...
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Energy Loss Coefficients ki in a Displacement Pump and Hydraulic Motor used in Hydrostatic Drives
PublikacjaThe article aims at defining and analysing the energy loss coefficients in design solutions of rotating displacement machines, with a piston machine as an example. The energy losses observed in these machines include mechanical loss, volumetric loss, and pressure loss. The scale and relations between these losses in different machines depend on machine design and manufacturing quality, and on operating parameters. The operating...
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Propagation Loss and Interference Analysis for 5G Systems in the Context of C-ITS System Implementation
PublikacjaThe article presents the concept of implementing subsequent phases of services for the C-ITS system (the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems), based on the European Parliament resolution of March 2018. Next, the 5G systems, in the context of their possible cooperation with C-ITS systems, were discussed. Numerical propagation analysis was performed for V2V and V2I type communication based on two different propagation models....
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Speed observer of induction machine based on backstepping and sliding mode for low‐speed operation
PublikacjaThis paper presents a speed observer design based on backstepping and slidingmode approaches. The inputs to the observer are the stator current and thevoltage vector components. This observer structure is extended to the integra-tors. The observer stabilizing functions contain the appropriate sliding surfaceswhich result from the Lyapunov function. The rotor angular speed is obtainedfrom the non‐adaptive formula with a sliding...
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Combustion of low calorific fuel at room and high temperature and at different oxygen content in the oxidizer
PublikacjaPraca przedstawia wyniki badań spalania paliwa niskokalorycznego powstałego w wyniku gazyfikacji biomasy. Badania prowadzono w temperaturze pokojowej oraz w warunkach typowych dla technologii HiTAC, tj. w temperaturze powyżej samozapłonu paliwa i przy różnej zawartości tlenu w utleniaczu. Wykazano możliwość wykorzystania technologii HiTAC do spalania takich paliw.
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Nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes by low-frequency sound in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublikacjaTwo dynamic equations referring to a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas in which molecular vibrational relaxation takes place. are derived. The first one governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode, and the second one describes variations in vibrational energy. Both quantities refer to non-wave types of gas motion. These variations are caused by the nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy into...
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Sewage sludge pretreatment by low thermal disintegration for better efficacy of sludge digestion process
PublikacjaThe wastewater water treatment plant (WWTP) sector and it is developing technologies strive to be implement circular economy. The methane production from the sludge digestion process constitute promising source of the renewable energy for WWTP and approaching circular economy assumptions. For this reason, the objective of the study was to examine the modification of sludge characteristics due to the low temperature pretreatment....
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The influence of the carbon equivalent on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy steel in the water environment
PublikacjaFrom many years, the high strength low alloy steels are often used for offshore constructions. This constructions, due to the environment in which they work, require more frequent repairs than the constructions from the land. For economic reasons, repairs take place in the underwater conditions, however water significantly decreases the weldability of steel. The paper presents the results of the CTS weldability test for S460ML...
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A Reputation Scheme to Discourage Selfish QoS Manipulation in Two-Hop Wireless Relay Networks
PublikacjaIn wireless networks, stations can improve their received quality of service (QoS) by handling packets of source flows with higher priority. Additionally, in cooperative relay networks, the relays can handle transit flows with lower priority. We use game theory to model a two-hop relay network where each of the two involved stations can commit such selfish QoS manipulation. We design and evaluate a reputation-based incentive scheme...
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Computed vibrational excitation ofCF4by low-energy electrons and positrons: Comparing calculations and experiments
PublikacjaQuantum calculations for the excitation of the asymmetric modes of the CF4 target gas, ν3 and ν4, by impact of low-energy electrons and positrons are carried out in the energy range around 1 eV and are compared with recent experimental findings. The similarities and differences between the two types of projectiles, and the two different modes, are analyzed and discussed vis à vis the present accord with the experimental results.