Filtry
wszystkich: 21776
wybranych: 1236
-
Katalog
- Publikacje 1236 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Czasopisma 2 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Osoby 29 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Wynalazki 29 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Projekty 23 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Laboratoria 3 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Zespoły Badawcze 2 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Aparatura Badawcza 2 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Kursy Online 51 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Wydarzenia 4 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
- Dane Badawcze 20395 wyników po odfiltrowaniu
Filtry wybranego katalogu
wyświetlamy 1000 najlepszych wyników Pomoc
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: ŁOŻYSKA FOLIOWE
-
The Urban Mentoring as a New Method of Participatory Urban Planning in Poland
PublikacjaTwenty-five years after the return of democracy and the beginning of basing the country's economy on neoliberal developmental paradigm, Poland adopted the regulations regarding management of urban policy, which had been wait for over a decade (accession to the EU). The National Urban Policy as well as the Act on revitalization have defined, in a modern manner, the field of cooperation between the local government, the administration...
-
Selected aspects of two-phase flow studies using different visualization techniques in minichannels
PublikacjaThe subject of the study is to present the possibility of the use of visualization techniques in the researches on two-phase flows, carried out by the authors for many years. These works included as follows: heat transfer during the flow boiling, boiling crises and condensation in flow. The issue of the heat transfer intensification during the flow boiling through the channels of small diameters was analyzed. All this work focused...
-
Polygons vs. clumps of discs: A numerical study of the influence of grain shape on the mechanical behaviour of granular materials
PublikacjaWe performed a series of numerical vertical compression tests on assemblies 01 20 granular material using a Discrete Element code and studied the results with regard to the grain shape. The samples consist of 5000 grains made from either 3 overlapping discs (clumps - grains with concavities) or six-edged polygons (convex grains). These two grain type have similar external envelope, which is a fund ion of a geometrical parameter...
-
Chemical Theory of Machines, basic principles of strength with examples of calculations
PublikacjaThis book encompasses the essential range of information on technical aspects of mechanical design. It was written primarily for the students and staff of chemistry faculties of technical universities, yet it may also be utilized by everyone, who ether would like to try or already enjoys designing, but cannot take advantage of typical stress & machine construction handbooks. These handbooks often require familiarity with the concepts...
-
Rapid method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in fish muscle samples by microwave-assisted extraction and analysis of extracts by GC-ECD
PublikacjaA procedure for the multiresidue determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish muscle samples has been developed. The method is based on the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of food samples from an acetonitrile-water (95 + 5, v/v) mixture followed by SPE cleanup of the extracts and analysis by GC with an electron capture detector. MAE operational parameters, such as the extraction solvent,...
-
Organic-inorganic composites consisted of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)and Prussian Blue analogues
PublikacjaThe organic-inorganic material consisted of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (pEDOT) and copper hexacyanoferrate (Cuhcf) was synthesized. The pEDOT film with Fe(CN)63−/4− as counter-ions potentiodynamically polarized in aqueous CuCl2 electrolyte brings about stable hybrid material (pEDOT/Cuhcf) performing single redox activity of FeII/III at a formal potential Ef = 0.61 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/0.1 M KCl) and less clearly shaped two redox...
-
Determination of antifreeze substances in the airport runoff waters by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
PublikacjaA new method has been developed for the determination of antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and diethylene glycol (DEG) in the samples of airport runoff water. The method is based on headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS–SPME) of target analytes, which is coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Until now, there was a lack of appropriate methodology for collecting reliable...
-
Determination of fuel combustion product in airport runoff water samples using liquid–liquid extraction with gas chromatography–spectrometry
PublikacjaDetermination of xenobiotics in samples of airport runoff water is both a complex and indispensable task due to an increasing threat resulting from the activities of numerous airports. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a procedure based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, no...
-
Progressing Pollutant Elution from Snowpack and Evolution of its Physicochemical Properties During Melting Period— a Case Study From the Sudetes, Poland
PublikacjaMain aim of the work assumed recognition of physicochemical changes in snowpack occurring during the melting period. Properties of snow cover had been identified at two sites in Western Sudetes mountains (860 and 1228 m asl) in SW Poland since the end of January, and monitored until the disappearance of snow in late Spring. Snow pit measurements and sample collection at both sites were made followed by chemical analyses with the...
-
Fabrication and characterization of composite TiO2 nanotubes/ boron-doped diamond electrodes towards enhanced supercapacitors
PublikacjaThe composite TiO2 nanotubes / boron-doped diamond electrodes were deposited using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition resulting in the improved electrochemical performance. This composite electrode can deliver high specific capacitance of 7.46 mF cm‐− 2 comparing to boron-doped diamond (BDD) deposited onto flat Ti plate (0.11 mF cm‐− 2).The morphology and composition of composite electrode were characterized...
-
The optimisation of analytical parameters for routine profiling of antioxidants in complex mixture by HPLC coupled post-column derivatisation
PublikacjaIntroduction: The wide application of natural and artificial antioxidants in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as well as the recognition of the importance of food antioxidants for supporting human health created demand for reliable and industrially applicable methods of determining antioxidative activity. This requirement can be fullfilled with the recently proposed HPLC-post-column derivatisation approach enabling the...
-
SEI Growth and Depth Profiling on ZFO Electrodes by Soft X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
PublikacjaZnFe2O4 (ZFO) Li-ion batteries (LIBs) represent a reliable, affordable, and safe energy storage technology for use in portable application. However, current LIB active materials (graphite, lithium/transition metal spinel or layered oxides, olivine structures) can store only limited energy since they rely on insertion storage based on solid-state host-guest interactions. Moreover, performances and durability of the cells are strongly...
-
The Spatial Structure of Suburban Zones in Selected Entrepreneurship Nets of the Tricity Metropolitan Area
PublikacjaThe chapter describes spatial structures and forms of Polish suburban zones shown on the example of two selected towns in the Trojmiasto Metropolitan Area (TMA). The description of the spatial characteristics in the urban sprawl, with focus on the entrepreneurships nests is illustrated by the choice of typological features, such as: form, land use, density. Suburbanisation is described to be global, however one can observe individual...
-
Non-enzymatic flexible glucose sensing platform based on nanostructured TiO2–Au composite
PublikacjaAll over the world the number of people suffering from diabetes and related complications is drastically growing. Therefore, the need for accurate, reliable and stable sensor for monitoring of glucose in human body fluids is becoming highly desirable. In this work we show that material composed of gold layers deposited onto TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) formed onto the flexible Ti foil exhibits great response toward glucose oxidation and...
-
Scoreboard Architectural Pattern and Integration of Emotion Recognition Results
PublikacjaThis paper proposes a new design pattern, named Scoreboard , dedicated for applications solving complex, multi-stage, non-deterministic problems. The pattern provides a computational framework for the design and implementation of systems that integrate a large number of diverse specialized modules that may vary in accuracy, solution level, and modality. The Scoreboard is an extension of Blackboard design pattern and comes under...
-
Coupling of Blood Pressure and Subarachnoid Space Oscillations at Cardiac Frequency Evoked by Handgrip and Cold Tests: A Bispectral Analysis
PublikacjaThe aim of the study was to assess blood pressure–subarachnoid space (BP–SAS) width coupling properties using time–frequency bispectral analysis based on wavelet transforms during handgrip and cold tests. The experiments were performed on a group of 16 healthy subjects (F/M; 7/9) of the mean age 27.2 ± 6.8 years and body mass index of 23.8 ± 4.1 kg/m². The sequence of challenges was first handgrip and then cold test. The handgrip...
-
The effect of imidazolium ionic liquid on the morphology of Pt nanoparticles deposited on the surface of SrTiO3 and photoactivity of Pt–SrTiO3 composite in the H2 generation reaction
PublikacjaPhotocatalytic water splitting has great potential in solar-hydrogen production as a low-cost and environmentally friendly method. Different unique techniques used to obtain photocatalysts with various modifications to improve H2 generation have been introduced. In the present work, SrTiO3 was successfully synthesized via the solvothermal method in the presence of ionic liquid (IL) - 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM][Br])...
-
Comparative X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of BiFeO3 ceramics prepared by conventional solid-state reaction and mechanical activation
PublikacjaThe aim of this work was to prepare BiFeO3 by modified solid-state sintering and mechanical activation processes and to investigate the structure and hyperfine interactions of the material. X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied as complementary methods. In the case of sintering, BiFeO3 phase was obtained from the mixture of precursors with 3 and 5 % excess of Bi2O3 during heating at 1023 K. Small amounts of...
-
Experience based knowledge representation for Internet of Things and Cyber Physical Systems with case studies
PublikacjaCyber Physical Systems and Internet of Things have grown significant attention from industry and academia during the past decade. The main reason behind this interest is the capabilities of such technologies to revolutionize human life since they appear as seamlessly integrating classical networks, networked objects and people to create more efficient environments. However, enhancing these technologies with intelligent skills becomes...
-
Sample preparation procedure using extraction and derivatization of carboxylic acids from aqueous samples by means of deep eutectic solvents for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new procedure for the determination of organic acids in a complex aqueous matrixusing ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by injection port derivati-zation and GC–MS analysis. A deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride: 4-methylphenol in a 1:2 mol ratio)was used both as an extracting solvent and as a derivatizing agent to yield ion pairs which were next con-verted to methyl...
-
Mechanism of Reduced Sintering Temperature of Al2O3–ZrO2 Nanocomposites Obtained by Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis
PublikacjaA novel method to obtain Al2O3–ZrO2 nanocomposites is presented. It consists of the co-precipitation step of boehmite (AlO(OH)) and ZrO2, followed by microwave hydrothermal treatment at 270 ◦ C and 60 MPa, and by calcination at 600 ◦ C. Using this method, we obtained two nanocomposites: Al2O3–20 wt % ZrO2 and Al2O3–40 wt % ZrO2. Nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy,...
-
Rheology of potato starch chemically modified with microwave-assisted reactions
PublikacjaNative potato starch was sulfated, selenated, borated, silicated and zincatated by means of microwave-assisted reactions with varying doses of relevant reagents. Resulting products were characterized involving rheological behavior of pastes, their weight-average molecular weight (Mw), and radius of gyration (Rg). Most of the pastes showed shear-thinning behavior, with the flow behavior index (n) below unity. The pastes of starch...
-
Partitioning of heavy metals in sub-surface flow treatment wetlands receiving high-strength wastewater
PublikacjaThe retention of heavy metals at two pilot-scale treatment wetlands (TWs), consisting of two vertical flow beds (VSSF) followed by a horizontal flow bed (HSSF) was studied. The TWs received highstrength wastewater: reject waters from sewage sludge centrifugation (RW) and landfill leachate (LL). The concentrations of metals: Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, Pb, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni were measured in treated wastewater, substrate of the beds and in plant...
-
A Highly Sensitive Planar Microwave Sensor for Detecting Direction and Angle of Rotation
PublikacjaThis article presents a technique based on a modified complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) to detect angular displacement and direction of rotation with high resolution and sensitivity over a wide dynamic range. The proposed microwave planar sensor takes advantage of the asymmetry of the sensor geometry and measures the angle of rotation in terms of the change in the relative phase of the reflection coefficients. The sensor...
-
Low-Cost Automated Design of Compact Branch-Line Couplers
PublikacjaBranch-line couplers (BLCs) are important components of wireless communication systems. Conventional BLCs are often characterized by large footprints which make miniaturization an important prerequisite for their application in modern devices. State-of-the-art approaches to design of compact BLCs are largely based on the use of high-permittivity substrates and multi-layer topologies. Alternative methods involve replacement of transmission-line...
-
The mechanisms of degradation of titanium dental implants
PublikacjaTitanium dental implants show very good properties, unfortunately there are still issues regarding material wear due to corrosion, implant loosening, as well as biological factors—allergic reactions and inflammation leading to rejection of the implanted material. In order to avoid performing reimplantation operations, changes in the chemical composition and/or modifications of the surface layer of the materials are used. This research...
-
Reliability and efficiency of pollution removal during long-term operation of a one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a study of the reliability and efficiency of pollutant removal during long term operation of a one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow. The flow rate of the wastewater treatment plant was 1.2 m3·d-1 during the research period. Physical and chemical analyses of raw wastewater and treated effluent were carried out in the years 1997–2010 (14 years). During this study period, 56 series...
-
Multi-layered mineral glass units used as viewport elements of underwater ship structures
PublikacjaIn the paper, Authors deals with viewport elements of underwater marine constructions. If a single-plate viewport constructions are considered, big thicknesses of the glass plate are required to resist the pressure. To build the viewports from the commercially accessible glass panes, multi-layered glass units are proposed in the paper. Numerical calculations are presented, summarized and compared with experimental tests. Focusing...
-
Molecular mechanism and energetics of coupling between substrate binding and product release in the F 1 -ATPase catalytic cycle
PublikacjaF1-ATPase is a motor protein that couples the rotation of its rotary γ subunit with ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Single-molecule experiments indicate that nucleotide binding and release events occur almost simultaneously during the synthesis cycle, allowing the energy gain due to spontaneous binding of ADP to one catalytic β subunit to be directly harnessed for driving the release of ATP from another rather than being dissipated...
-
Incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment of buildings founded on different soil types experiencing structural pounding during earthquakes
PublikacjaThe effect of the soil type on buildings experiencing pounding during earthquakes is investigated in this study using the incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment methods. Three 3-D structures with different number of storeys (4, 6 and 8) were considered in this study. Three pounding scenarios between these three buildings were taken into account, i.e. pounding between 4-storey and 6-storey buildings, between 4-storey...
-
Prediction of energy consumption and evaluation of affecting factors in a full-scale WWTP using a machine learning approach
PublikacjaTreatment of municipal wastewater to meet the stringent effluent quality standards is an energy-intensive process and the main contributor to the costs of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Analysis and prediction of energy consumption (EC) are essential in designing and operating sustainable energy-saving WWTPs. In this study, the effect of wastewater, hydraulic, and climate-based parameters on the daily consumption of EC by...
-
Naturally-derived hydrogels for 3D pancreatic tumor models: A short review
PublikacjaStatistics suggest a high proportion of mortality rate by pancreatic cancer, which is a solid tumor characterized by high heterogeneity and the presence of a complex extracellular matrix. The very low effectiveness of pancreatic cancer treatment roots in the high metastatic potential and drug resistance of this tumor. Therefore, the quest for efficient cellular models enabling precise mimicking in vivo conditions, and anticancer...
-
Exploring synergistic effects in physical-chemical activation of Acorus calamus for water treatment solutions
PublikacjaThe research proposed a novel method of obtaining sorption material from readily available Acorus calamus bio- mass through a combination of physical and chemical activation processes. The material with the highest specific surface area (1652 m2 g−1) was obtained by physical activation with CO2, followed by chemical activation with KOH. Reversing the order of activation methods resulted in a lower specific surface area (1014 m2...
-
Modifications to the anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) for enhanced understanding and application of the anaerobic treatment processes – A comprehensive review
PublikacjaAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for the recovery of resources and energy from organic wastes. Correspondingly, AD modelling has also been developed in recent years. The International Water Association (IWA) Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is currently the most commonly used structured AD model. However, as substrates become more complex and our understanding of the AD mechanism grows, both systematic and specific...
-
Degradation of tetracycline antibiotic utilizing light driven-activated oxone in the presence of g-C3N4/ZnFe LDH binary heterojunction nanocomposite
PublikacjaIn the present study, a binary heterojunction nanocomposite composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Zn/Fe-contained layered double hydroxide (ZnFe LDH) was employed as heterogeneous catalyst for the decomposition of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic utilizing Oxone and UV light irradiation. The sole use of g-C3N4/ZnFe LDH as adsorbent led to the negligible elimination of TC. In addition, the sole use of Oxone or UV (photolysis)...
-
A New Expression System Based on Psychrotolerant Debaryomyces macquariensis Yeast and Its Application to the Production of Cold-Active β-D-Galactosidase from Paracoccus sp. 32d
PublikacjaYeasts provide attractive host/vector systems for heterologous gene expression. The currently used yeast-based expression platforms include mesophilic and thermotolerant species. A eukaryotic expression system working at low temperatures could be particularly useful for the production of thermolabile proteins and proteins that tend to form insoluble aggregates. For this purpose, an expression system based on an Antarctic psychrotolerant...
-
The phenomenon of increasing capacitance induced by 1T/2H-MoS2 surface modification with Pt particles – Influence on composition and energy storage mechanism
PublikacjaIn this paper, several approaches to the synthesis of molybdenum-based electrode materials for supercapacitors are presented, including anodization, hydrothermal process and annealing. For the material prepared via anodization of a molybdenum plate, followed by a hydrothermal process in thiourea aqueous solution, a thorough study of the Pt-surface modification through repetitive cycling in 1 M sulfuric acid with Pt acting as a...
-
Human verbal memory encoding is hierarchically distributed in a continuous processing stream
PublikacjaProcessing of memory is supported by coordinated activity in a network of sensory, association, and motor brain regions. It remains a major challenge to determine where memory is encoded for later retrieval. Here we used direct intracranial brain recordings from epilepsy patients performing free recall tasks to determine the temporal pattern and anatomical distribution of verbal memory encoding across the entire human cortex. High...
-
Planning the City Against Barriers. Enhancing the Role of Public Spaces
PublikacjaContemporary cities are being fragmented by growing number of technical barriers like roads, railways, infrastructural objects, that generate variety of problems of different nature. The aim of the research is to present the issues connected with such barriers in the city and the ways of solving them. Main problems are e.g.: the destruction of the complexity of urban fabric, functional disadvantages, environmental and landscape...
-
Solar light driven degradation of textile dye contaminants for wastewater treatment – studies of novel polycationic selenide photocatalyst and process optimization by response surface methodology desirability factor
PublikacjaThe unplanned anthropogenic activities and raced industrial revolution detrimentally causes serious threat to terrestrial and aquatic life. A high discharge of wastewater from industries using dyes affects living organisms and the environment. This paper presents studies on polycationic selenides (PCS) synthesized by hydrothermal methods for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. The synthesized PCS were confirmed by various characterization...
-
Evaluation and rationale of the performance of several elastomeric composites incorporating devulcanized EPDM
Publikacjathylene Propylene Diene rubber (EPDM), is present in many applications. However, its crosslinked structure makes difficult its recycling. The use of devulcanized EPDM, (dEPDM) as a component of elastomeric composites, is a real possibility to reuse EPDM scraps. In this study, three matrices (natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and EPDM rubber) have been tested including devulcanized EPDM as a recycled component....
-
Wyznaczanie parametrów modelu obwodowego maszyny komutatorowej prądu przemiennego z wykorzystaniem programu polowego Opera3D
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono liniowy model matematyczny silnika komutatorowego z więzami holonomicznymi. Taki model wymaga zastosowania większej liczby stopni swobody, ale umożliwia uwzględnienie asymetrii i zjawisk zachodzących w zestyku ślizgowym. W modelu tym wymagane są macierze indukcyjności, które uwzględniają sprzężenia magnetyczne pomiędzy elementarnymi cewkami. Do wyznaczenia tych macierzy zastosowano program Opera3D. Aby...
-
Hierarchical dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes
PublikacjaA hierarchical controller for tracking the dissolved oxygen reference trajectory in activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater is considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared to the internal dynamics of the dissolved oxygen in a biological reactor. It is a common approach to...
-
THE PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN THE SEAFOOD COMPANY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE EMPLOYEES
PublikacjaPurpose: To identify and discuss the protective measures implemented to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees. Design/methodology/approach: The four-stage course of research. Case study and structured interviews with all employees, directly and indirectly, involved in food processing. Research questions: (R1) What measures have been taken to prevent the risk of infection among employees? (R2) What activities and responsibilities...
-
Evaluation of candidate reference material obtained from selenium - enriched sprouts for the purpose of selenium speciation analysis
PublikacjaSelenium is an essential element in animals and humans. Diet supplementation with selenium-rich vegetables has better chemoprotective effect than Se (IV) and SeMet. The production of selenium-enriched vegetables requires a preliminary stage in soil preparation, which may subsequently pose a risk of soil contamination. It seems that the sprouting of seeds under controlled conditions would be a good solution for delivering SeMetSeCys...
-
Properties of water in the region between a tubulin dimer and a single motor head of kinesin
PublikacjaA kinesin is a molecular motor that can perform movement on a microtubule track in a stepping-like manner. This motion is connected with processes of association and dissociation of kinesin and tubulin. Water is an important participant in these kinds of molecular interactions. This is why we have decided to investigate the dynamical and structural properties of water in the region between the kinesin catalytic domain and the tubulin...
-
Polymer journal bearings behaviour research under limited lubrication and cooling conditions conducted on high torque test rig
PublikacjaPolymer journal bearings are frequently used as a water-lubricated bearings of small marine units’ propeller shafts . Choice of these bearings is based on their simple construction and relatively low purchase and maintenance costs. Although properly designed and installed water lubricated bearings may well last for over a decade, rapid wear or failure of these bearings can be observed...
-
Simulation of unsteady flow over floodplain using the diffusive wave equation and the modified finite element method
PublikacjaWe consider solution of 2D nonlinear diffusive wave equation in a domain temporarily covered by a layer of water. A modified finite element method with triangular elements and linear shape functions is used for spatial discretization. The proposed modification refers to the procedure of spatial integration and leads to a more general algorithm involving a weighting parameter. The standard finite element method and the finite difference...
-
Zastosowanie elementów "węzłowych" do budowy modelu 3D cewki giętkiej w programie polowym OPERA 3D = Application of "nodal" elements for creation of a 3D model of a flexible coil in the program Opera 3D
PublikacjaNiniejsza praca jest kontynuacją serii artykułów dotyczących modelowania 3D uzwojenia maszyn elektrycznych z cewkami giętkimi. Istotnym problemem dotyczącym modelowania takiego uzwojenia jest zmienność kształtu przekroju poprzecznego zwłaszcza w części czołowej. Powoduje to problemy w utworzeniu uzwojenia bez konfliktów wymiarowych (nie przenikanie się wierzchołków, przyleganie boków cewek, odpowiednie położenie). Niektóre programy...
-
Towards evaluation of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria - examination of a fishing vessel vulnerability to surf-riding, based on historical capsizing
PublikacjaThe Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC) are the latest achievements in the field of intact ship stability assessment. The criteria are the result of massive international cooperative efforts and extensive research that lasted more than 15 years. Even though they are based on a solid scientific foundation, the trial period has commenced to collect user experience and further validation. One of possible approaches...