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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS,
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Gas sensing by resistance fluctuations in PdxWO3 nanoparticle films.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki badań sensorów gazu wykonanych z nanocząstek WO3 z dodatkiem Pd. Stwierdzono, że badanie fluktuacji rezystancji tych sensorów może istotnie zwiększyć czułość wykrywania gazu w porównaniu z obserwacją wyłącznie rezystancji stałoprądowej.
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Higher-Order Statistics for Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas-Sensing.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wykrywania wybranych mieszanin gazów za pomocą analizy fluktuacji rezystancji obserwowanych w sensorach gazu. Do analizy obserwowanych fluktuacji wykorzystano gęstość widmową mocy oraz funkcję bispektrum.
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Operation of gas turbine engines as the index of their reliability and safety.
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono propozycję ilościowej interpretacji działania turbinowego silnika spalinowego, które (podobnie jak przedstawione w fizyce działania Hamiltona i Maupertiusa oraz działanie wynikające ze zmiany pędu ciała) jest rozpatrywane jako wielkość fizyczna z jednostką miary zwaną dżulosekundą [dżulsekunda]. Wykazano też, że taka interpretacja działania może być uznana za wskaźnik niezawodności, a w szczególnych przypadkach...
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Gas detection in semiconductor sensors using fluctuation phenomena
PublikacjaRozpatrzono problemy pomiaru szumów, kóre należy rozwiązać, gdy szumy traktuje się jako dodatkowe źródło informacji o gazach. Metoda szumowa (spektroskopia szumów rezystancyjnych, widma wyższych rzędów) daje więcej informacji polepszając czułość i seleKtywność czujnika.
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The gas corrosion of the cobalt base layer at elevated temperature
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono badania odporności na utlenianie i korozję w gorących gazach spalinowych napawanych laserowo warstw wykonanych ze stopu na bazie kobaltu.
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Estimating uncertainty in analytical procedures based on chromatographic techniques
PublikacjaTechniki chromatograficzne są bardzo często wykorzystywane w procedurach analitycznych na etapie rozdzielania i oznaczania oraz identyfikacji szerokiego spektrum analitów występujących w próbkach charakteryzujących się złożonym a niekiedy także zmiennym matryce. Bardzo często są jednak sytuacje, że przy oszacowywaniu niepewności wyników oznaczeń końcowych pomija się niepewności związane z procesem chromatograficznym. W efekcie...
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Techniques of preparing plant material for chromatographic separation and analysis
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia dyskusję na temat technik wykorzystywanych podczas przygotowywania próbek materiału roślinnego do rozdzielania chromatograficznego i analizy. Opisane techniki to: suszenie, homogenizacja, ługowanie, ekstrakcja. Przedstawiono także techniki ekstrakcyjne tj. ekstrakcja z wykorzystaniem ultradźwięków, przyśpieszona ekstrakcja rozpuszczalnikiem, ekstrakcja z wykorzystaniem mikrofal, ekstrakcja z wykorzystaniem rozpuszczalnika...
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Direct chromatographic methods in the context of green analytical chemistry
PublikacjaWe review analytical protocols based on gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), but involving no sample preparation.Green analytical chemistry seeks to minimize negative impacts of analytical chemistry. Direct analytical methods ideally fulfillthis requirement, as they preclude sample preparation - the most polluting step of the analytical procedure.We describe examples of GC methodologies for environmental and food analysis...
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A Comparison of Ammonia Emission Factors from Light-Duty Vehicles Operating on Gasoline, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
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The simultaneous determination of hydrophobicity and dissociation constant by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
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Quantitative structure–retention relationships in affinity high-performance liquid chromatography
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Migration time shift of analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography induced by stacking
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Determination of five sulfonamides in medicated feedingstuffs by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
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Amphenicols stability in medicated feed – development and validation of liquid chromatography method
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POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONIC NOSE BASED ON ULTRA FAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TO DISTINGUISH ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES MADE OF GRAIN = POTENCJALNE MOŻLIWOŚCI ZASTOSOWANIA ELEKTRONICZNEGO NOSA OPARTEGO NA ULTRA SZYBKIEJ CHROMATOGRAFII GAZOWEJ DO ODRÓŻNIANIA NAPOJÓW SPIRYTUSOWYCH POCHODZENIA ZBOŻOWEGO
PublikacjaStan środowiska a zwłaszcza powietrza ma wpływ na wiele aspektów życia, m in. na jakość produktów spożywczych. Z tego względu niezwykle ważne jest monitorowanie stanu środowiska, które odbywa się za pomocą wielu technik analitycznych. Jedną z nich jest elektroniczny nos. Pierwotnie elektroniczny nos był wykorzystywany tylko do badania uciążliwości zapachowej powietrza. Obecnie technika ta wykorzystywana jest również do monitorowania...
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Nowoczesne techniki przygotowania próbki do oznaczania analitów organicznych z zastosowaniem chromatografii gazowej. Część I. Podstawy teoretyczne ekstrakcji. Modern techniques of preparation of samples for determining organic analytes by gas chromatography. Part I. Theoretical principles of extraction.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne technik izolacji i wzbogacania analitów organicznych z próbek gazowych oraz ciekłych. Już pobieżna analiza literatury dotyczącej omawianych zagadnień, pokazuje jak różnorodne i bogate spektrum technik jest stosowane na etapie przygotowania próbki. Z drugiej strony, z punktu widzenia podstaw fizykochemicznych, większość technik opiera się na dwóch zjawiskach: adsorpcji analitów na medium zatrzymującym...
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Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for aiding development of inland waterways fleet
PublikacjaInformatyczne wspomaganie planowania i eksploatacji floty śródlądowej obejmuje szereg zagadnień, pośród których szczególnie istotne są problemy związane z analizą stanu istniejących dróg wodnych. Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję budowy modelu danych GIS dla potrzeb projektu INCOWATRANS z uwzględnieniem istniejących danych i ewentualnego wykorzystania ich przez administrację oraz innych użytkowników dróg wodnych.
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Toward Safe and Efficient Recovery of Gas Munitions Dumped at Sea
PublikacjaThe proposal of a system for the safe recovery of unexploded ordnance (UXO), chemical weapons (CW) and chemicalwarfare agents (CWA) dumped at sea mainly after WWI and WWII is described in this work. The proposed solutionaddresses the tasks required to neutralise thousands of tons of dumped material and the currently available solutionsand proposed ideas. Requirements concerning the features of a recovery system are defined and...
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Hold-Up Problems in International Gas Trade: A Case Study
PublikacjaThe infrastructure required for international natural gas trade is considerable, which often leads to hold-up problems and supply disruptions. This study discusses disruptions of gas supply from Algeria, Indonesia, Russia, and Turkmenistan since the early 1980s. The novelty of this study is its focus on the issues related to transit countries, which are rarely considered in the literature. The results of the study classify supply...
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Compressible gas density measurement by means of Fourier analysis of interferograms
PublikacjaThis paper describes a method for nonintrusive compressible gas density measurement by means of automated analysis of interferograms using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), and its implementation using DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform), that does make this measurement technique a fairly valuable and accessible experimental method. The presented approach makes it possible to use the finite fringe setting of the interferometer, thus reducing...
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Inspection of rubber linings operating in flue gas desulphurisation units
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Methods of preparation and performance of sealed gas photomultipliers for visible light
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Chemiresistive gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes - fabrication and application
PublikacjaMany types of sensors have been invented to identify and quantify chemical contamination in the gas phase. Sensors based on carbon nanotubes are particularly attractive because of their wide range of applicaions and potential use in electronic nose that can be controlled using algorithms of Artificial Intelligence. Sensor functions, fabrication and selected applications are reviewed and discussed with focus on chemiresistors. Drawbacks...
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Possibilities of Increasing the Overall Efficiency of Gas-steam CHP Microplant
PublikacjaThe paper presents ways to increase the efficiency of a gas-steam micro power plant by modifying the cycle combination. The modification consists in partial release of the fluid downstream of the gas turbine and using it for ORC fluid overheating and evaporation. Advantages of this solution over the simplest gas and steam cycles’ combination are demonstrated.
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Analysis and interpretation of radiometric signals in a liquid-gas bubble flow
PublikacjaThe article presents the analysis of signals from a radiometric system consisting of two scintillation probes and two gamma radiation sealed sources. Calculations and interpretation were carried out for the bubble flow of the water-air mixture in the horizontal pipeline. The analysis of the obtained signals was done in time and frequency domain. In the frequency domain, a range of usable frequencies was identified, which were associated...
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Low-energy positron scattering from gas-phase benzene
PublikacjaIn this paper we are presenting calculations of the elastic cross section of positrons with gas-phase benzene for the energy range from 0.25 eV to 9.0 eV. The calculations are done with the molecular R-matrix method for positron-scattering from poly-atomic molecules using a scaling factor to scale the electron-positron interaction. The scaling factor influences the position of the poles of the R-matrix. We adjust the scaling factor...
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Investigation of the temperature modulation parameters on semiconductor gas sensor response
PublikacjaIn this work we present the results of the investigation of the sensing properties of semiconductor gas sensors with a sinusoidally modulated temperature in the presence of synthetic air (SA) and three volatile air pollutants, i.e. NH3, NO2 and SO2. The measurements were performed for different average sensor heater temperatures and the amplitude of the modulation signal. In addition, the extraction of features from the sensor...
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Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods
PublikacjaHigh precision and fast measurement of gas concentrations is important for both understanding and monitoring various phenomena, from industrial and environmental to medical and scientific applications. This article deals with the recent progress in ammonia detection using in-situ solid-state and optical methods. Due to the continuous progress in material engineering and optoelectronic technologies, these methods are among the most...
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Wavelet Transform Analysis of Temperature Modulated Gas Sensor Response
PublikacjaThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether it is possible to extract the information about the gas concentration despite the influence of humidity. Commercial semiconductor sensor response was examined under the application of a periodic temperature change. The data was collected using measurement protocol for different concentrations of ammonia at specified levels of relative humidity. In this work we focused on the evaluation...
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Development of Gas Sensor Array for Methane Reforming Process Monitoring
PublikacjaThe article presents a new method of monitoring and assessing the course of the dry methane reforming process with the use of a gas sensor array. Nine commercially available TGS chemical gas sensors were used to construct the array (seven metal oxide sensors and two electrochemical ones). Principal Component Regression (PCR) was used as a calibration method. The developed PCR models were used to determine the quantitative parameters...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle
PublikacjaCombined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas...
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Nonlinear Influence of Sound on the Vibrational Energy of Molecules in a Relaxing Gas
PublikacjaDynamics of a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas where molecular vibrational relaxation takes place is studied. Variations in the vibrational energy in the field of intense sound is considered. These variations are caused by a nonlinear transfer of the acoustic energy into energy of vibrational degrees of freedom in a relaxing gas. The final dynamic equation which describes this is instantaneous, it includes a...
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Low cost electrochemical sensor module for measurement of gas concentration
PublikacjaThis paper describes a low cost electrochemical sensor module for gas concentration measurement. A module is universal and can be used for many types of electrochemical gas sensors. Device is based on AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. As signal processing circuit a specialized integrated circuit LMP9l000 is used. The proposed equipment will be used as a component of electronic nose system employed for classifying and distinguishing...
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Experimental investigation of domestic gas boiler fitted with ORC module
PublikacjaIn the paper the prototype of innovative domestic cogenerative ORC system, consisting of a conventional gas boiler and a small size axial vapour microturbines (in-house designed for ORC and the commercially available for Rankine cycle (RC)), evaporator and condenser were scrutinised. In the course of study the fluid working temperatures, rates of heat, electricity generation and efficiency of the whole system were obtained. The...
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IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT MODULE FOR GAS SENSORS WITH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING FEATURE
PublikacjaThe paper presents an impedance measurement module which is aimed for gas sensor. Sensor’s heater temperature conditioning and modulation feature is available in order to allow implementation of different techniques improving selectivity and sensitivity of gas sensors. The measurement module uses three-parameter sine-fitting technique for impedance measurement. To monitor sensor temperature, the resistance of the sensor’s heater...
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LOW COST MEASUREMENT MODULE FOR MATRIX OF AMPEROMETRIC GAS SENSOR
PublikacjaThis paper describes an amperometric sensor module for gas concentration measurement. A module can be used for many types of electrochemical gas sensors without major hardware changes. Device is based on AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. As signal processing circuit a specialized integrated circuit LMP9l000 configurable via I2C interface is used. The concept of a measuring system composed of several modules dedicated for a gas sensors...
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Efficiency of gas detection algorithms using fluctuation enhanced sensing
PublikacjaEfficiency of various gas detection algorithms by applying fluctuation enhanced sensing method was discussed. We have analyzed resistance noise observed in resistive WO3- nanowires gas sensing layers. Power spectral densities of the recorded noise were used as the input data vectors for two algorithms: the principal component analysis (PCA) and the support vector machine (SVM). The data were used to determine gas concentration...
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Spinning Fluids Reactor: A new design of a gas – liquid contactor
PublikacjaCurrent trends in chemical reactor design are based on adapting these to the requirements of a particular chemical process. Processes involving reactions between the gas and liquid phase in particular require precise adjustment of all parameters. The common denominator for most modern design solutions is enhancement of the mass transfer area and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Gas – liquid contactors evolved from...
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Techniques of acquiring additional features of the responses of individual gas sensors
PublikacjaGas sensors usually exhibit lack of selectivity, require fre quent calibration, exhibit drift of the response and a lot of factors, such as humidity or ambient temperature, influen ce their performance. Different approaches can be used to overcome this shortcomings. Building arrays of different sensors and usage of pattern recognition methods to analyze responses of elements...
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Gas turbines – technological development and potential use in CAES systems
PublikacjaThis article briefly describes Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), focusing on the technological development of one of the key elements of such systems – the gas turbines. It presents the basic parameters and features of gas turbines, as well as turbine classes with example models. Main tendencies in the structural and technological development are discussed. Changes and trends on electric energy markets are becoming more and...
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Charge Loss in Gas-Phase Multiply Negatively Charged Oligonucleotides
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Inspection of Gas Pipelines Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Technology
PublikacjaMagnetic non-destructive testing methods can be classified into the earliest methods developed for assessment of steel constructions. One of them is the magnetic flux leakage technology. A measurement of the magnetic flux leakage is quite commonly used for examination of large objects such as tanks and pipelines. Construction of a magnetic flux leakage tool is relatively simple, but a quantitative analysis of recorded data is a...
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Nonlinear phenomena of small-scale sound in a gas with exponential stratification
PublikacjaThe nonlinear dynamics of perturbations, quickly varying in space, with comparatively large characteristic wavenumbers k: k>1/H, is considered. H is the scale of density and pressure reduction in unperturbed gas, as the coordinate (H is the so-called height of the uniform equilibrium gas). Coupling nonlinear equations which govern the sound and the entropy mode in a weakly nonlinear flow are derived. They describe the dynamics...
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OPTIMALIZATION OF SORBENT FEEDING IN THE DRY METHOD OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION
PublikacjaThe swiftly developing sea transport contributes to a considerable increase of fuel usage in the international shipping, which results in the escalation of toxic compounds emitted into the atmosphere. It is followed by the constantly heightened requirements limiting those emissions. In the case of sulfur oxide emission, inside of SECA (Sulfur Emission Control Area), the maximum content of sulfur in the shipping fuels used on the...
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A calibration model for gas sensor array in varying environmental conditions
PublikacjaAbstract: Gas-analyzing systems based on gas sensors, commonly referred to as electronic noses, are the systems which enable the recognition of volatile compounds in their working environment and provide the on-line results of analysis. The most commonly used type of sensors in such systems is semiconductor gas sensors. They are considered to be the most reliable in the long-term applications (more than 1 year), however,...
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Low-energy positron scattering from gas-phase uracil
PublikacjaQuantum scattering calculations are presented for the interaction of low energy positrons with the uracil molecule, an important component of biological systems. The rotational elastic and inelastic cross sections and vibrational inelastic cross sections are reported and compared with existing experiments, indicating a general trend of the cross sections different from the experimental findings and in line with what should be expected...
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The influence of electrocatalytic toxic gas sensor construction on its performance
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono porównanie właściwości elektrokatalitycznych czujników gazów przygotowanych na bazie różnych elektrolitów stałych oraz wykonanych w różnych technologiach.
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Fluctuation-enhanced scent sensing using a single gas sensor
PublikacjaWykrywanie zapachów podczas aromaterapii może być przeprowadzone za pomocą pojedynczego sensora gazów. W pracy rozważono efektywność detekcji zapachów olejków eterycznych za pomocą rezystancji DC oraz zjawisk fluktuacyjnych w tych sensorach, typu TGS2600,TGS2602,TGS823. Badania koncentrowały się na praktycznym zastosowaniu w aromaterapii do określania intensywności emitowanego zapachu. Opisano szczegółowo system do emisji zapachów.
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Sensitivity to nitrogen dioxide of electrocatalytic gas sensor based on NASICON
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań czujnika elektrokatalitycznego na bazie NASICONu.
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Modeling of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Integrated with an Adsorption Chiller
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