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Search results for: PROCESS CONTROL
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Automatyzacja stacji uzdatniania wody
PublicationNiniejsza praca przedstawia projekt systemu automatyki stacji uzdatniania wody. Przedstawiono procesy technologiczne stosowane na automatyzowanej SUW, wymagania stawiane systemowi automatyki oraz opis zaprojektowanego systemu. Opisano także przeprowadzone podczas rozruchu systemu badania oraz ocenę ich wyników.The paper presents a project of a control system for a water treatment plant. The process flow of water treatment is shown...
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WEB-CAM AS A MEANS OF INFORMATION ABOUT EMOTIONAL ATTEMPT OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DISTANT LEARNING
PublicationNew methods in education become more popular nowadays. Distant learning is a good example when teacher and student meet in virtual environment. Because interaction in this virtual world might be complicated it seems necessary to assure as much methods of conforming that student is still engaged in the process of learning as it is possible. We would like to present assumption that by means of web-cam we will be able to track facial...
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Designing Control and Protection Systems with Regard to Integrated Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Aspects
PublicationThis article addresses current problems of risk analysis and probabilistic modelling for functional safety management in the life cycle of safety-related systems. Two main stages in the lifecycle of these systems are distinguished, namely the design and operation. The risk analysis and probabilistic modelling differ in these stages in view of available knowledge and data. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved, both qualitative...
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Proportional-Derivative and Model-Based Controllers for Control of a Variable Mass Manipulator
PublicationIn the paper, numerical analysis of dynamics of a variable mass manipulator is presented. A revolute joints composed manipulator is considered. Payload of the gripper is considered as the only element characterized by unknown value of its mass (variable between subsequent operations). As in other cases of the revolute joints composed manipulators, its behaviour dependents significantly on the pose of the manipulator. When the manipulator...
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Functional safety and cyber security analysis for life cycle management of industrial control systems in hazardous plants and oil port critical infrastructure including insurance
PublicationThis report addresses selected methodological aspects of proactive reliability, functional safety and cyber security management in life cycle of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants and oil port critical installations based on the analysis of relevant hazards / threats and evaluation of related risks. In addition the insurance company point of view has been also considered, because nowadays the insurer,...
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Procedure based functional safety and information security management of industrial automation and control systems on example of the oil port installations
PublicationThe approach addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety and security requirements specified in standards IEC 61508, IEC 61511 and IEC 62443. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of...
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FPGA-Based System for Electromagnetic Interference Evaluation in Random Modulated DC/DC Converters
PublicationField-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) provides the possibility to design new “electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) friendly” control techniques for power electronic converters. Such control techniques use pseudo-random modulators (RanM) to control the converter switches. However, some issues connected with the FPGA-based design of RanM, such as matching the range of fixed-point numbers, might be challenging. The modern programming...
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Zastosowanie statystycznego sterowania procesami doskonalenia procesów.
PublicationW niniejszej pracy autor przedstawia metodę SPC (Statystyczne Sterowania Procesami - Statistical Process Control) prezentuje w skrócie poszczególne rodzaje wykresów kontrolnych, zwracając uwagę na błędy popełniane przy jej wdrażaniu i użytkowaniu.
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Non-matrix reference materials-the challenges in the preparation of standard gas mixtures
PublicationIn the last few years particularly great pressure is exerted on quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results. An invaluable role in this process is played by reference materials. The paper presents the characteristics of basic types of reference materials, with particular attention to gaseous reference materials.
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Mechatronics design, modelling and controlling of the Stewart-Gough platform
PublicationThis paper presents a mechatronics design of a low cost Stewart-Gough platform (SGP) with rotary actuators. The designed SGP is supposed to be applied in a ball & plate control system. The synthesis of the ball & plate control system is also within the subject of the paper. A mechatronics design process of the SGP was conducted with computer-aided design (CAD) software. Unique analytical solutions of an inverse kinematics problem...
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Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of AA1050 aluminium alloy in aqueous alkaline solutions using Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
PublicationThe paper presents the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium alloy AA1050 in aqueous alkaline media in the pH range 14–8.5. Electrochemical study was applied in order to obtain comprehensive information on the mechanism and kinetics of the process of anodic dissolution of aluminium, supplemented by monitoring of surface topography using an electron microscope. The corrosion rate of AA1050 increases with increasing concentration...
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Magnetization reversal process in flat and patterned exchange-biased CoO/[Co/Pd] thin films
PublicationNanostructured magnetic materials have gained great interest due to their possible technological applications in electronic and spintronic devices or in medicine as drug carriers. The key issue which decides on their potential industrial utilization is an exhibited type of a magnetization reversal process. Two main approaches used to describe the switching mechanism are the domain wall motion and coherent magnetization rotation,...
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Temperature Sensors Based on Polymer Fiber Optic Interferometer
PublicationTemperature measurements are of great importance in many fields of human activities, including industry, technology, and science. For example, obtaining a certain temperature value or a sudden change in it can be the primary control marker of a chemical process. Fiber optic sensors have remarkable properties giving a broad range of applications. They enable continuous real-time temperature control in difficult-to-reach areas, in...
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Highly linear self-assembled porphyrin wires
PublicationAn efficient noncovalent assembly process involving high geometrical control was applied to a linear bis(imidazolyl zinc porphyrin) 7Zn, bearing C18 substitutents, to generate linear multiporphyrin wires. The association process is based on imidazole recognition within the cavity of the phenanthroline-strapped zinc porphyrin. In chlorinated solvents, discrete soluble oligomers were obtained after (7Zn)n was end-capped with a terminal...
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Light-Powered Starter for Micro-Power Boost DC–DC Converter for CMOS Image Sensors
PublicationThe design of a starter for a low-voltage, micro-power boost DC–DC converter intended for powering CMOS image sensors is presented. A unique feature of the starter is extremely low current, below 1 nA, supplying its control circuit. Therefore, a high-voltage (1.3 V) configuration of series-connected photovoltaic diodes available in a standard CMOS process or a small external LED working in photovoltaic mode can be used as an auxiliary...
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Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Dynamics in a Bioreactor at WWTP
PublicationThe importance of dissolved oxygen concentration controlinaerationtanksofabioreactoratflow-throughwastewater treatment plant (WWTP) can easily be justified by technological requirements as well as simple economics. Firstly, appropriate levels of dissolved oxygen concentration are essential for the vitality of microorganisms that comprise the bioreactor. Secondly, the costs of dissolved oxygen concentration control related to the...
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Challenges associated with development of AUV - unmanned autonomous underwater vehicles to be operated using the AI-based control systems
PublicationThe last decade has been devoted towards further development of the UUV unmanned underwater vehicles which may be of two types. There are the USV unmanned surface vehicles and UUV unmanned underwater vehicles. There is a growing interest to work out and implement the fully advanced AUV autonomous underwater vehicles. The main drivers towards development of such the vehicles are the technologies of autonomous systems, sensors and...
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Intelligent PI controller and its application to dissolved oxygen tracking problem
PublicationThe paper addresses design, calibration, implementation and simulation of the intelligent PI controller used for dissolved oxygen (DO) tracking in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The calibration process presented in this paper utilizes both engineering and scientific methods. Verification of the control system design method was obtained via simulation experiments.
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Treatment of landfill leachate in a constructed free water surface wetland system over a decade – Identification of disturbance in process behaviour and removal of eutrophying substances and organic material
PublicationAn 8 ha free water surface wetland system in Örebro, Sweden, which has sediment traps followed by 10 ponds for treatment of landfill leachate in the methanogenic stage, was studied from 2003 to 2012. The wetland was irregularly loaded and the leachate characteristics showed high temporal and spatial variability, so Multivariate Statistical Process Control was chosen as the diagnostic tool for detecting anomalies prior to assessing...
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The innovative experimental rig for wood steam drying at atmospheric pressure
PublicationThe high cost of fossil fuel and soaring consumer interest have encouraged people in the wood industry to look for faster and more energy-efficient methods to dry lumber. The air-steam mixture as medium of drying process was used in a laboratory kiln especially arranged for that reason. Experimental rig is based on automatic control system. At the time of drying measurements of the internal temperature, wood temperature, moisture...
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Variable Speed AC Drives with Inverter Output Filters
PublicationThe advance of variable speed drives systems (VSDs) engineering highlights the need of specific technical guidance provision by electrical machines and drives manufacturers, so that such applications can be properly designed to present advantages in terms of both energy efficiency and expenditure. This book presents problems and solutions related to inverter-fed electrical motors. Practically orientated, the book describes the...
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Appendix E
PublicationThe advance of variable speed drives systems (VSDs) engineering highlights the need of specific technical guidance provision by electrical machines and drives manufacturers, so that such applications can be properly designed to present advantages in terms of both energy efficiency and expenditure. This book presents problems and solutions related to inverter-fed electrical motors. Practically orientated, the book describes the...
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Analysis of diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust temperature of a naval gas turbine
PublicationThe conducted investigations aimed to carry out an analysis of the possibility that the failures identification in the automatic control system of a gas turbine engine could be worked out on the basis of measurements of the exhaust stream temperature behind the gas generator. The exhaust temperature represents a basic control parameter, enabling technical state evaluation of the engine within the operation process, which is observed...
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Suspension and process parameters selection for electrophoretic deposition of Mn–Co spinel coating on steel interconnects
PublicationMetallic interconnect coatings, consisting of MnCo2O4 spinel, were effectively applied to Crofer 22 APU using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method in both H2O: ethanol and pure ethanol solvents. The primary goal of this method was to prevent chromium migration, minimize evaporation, and control the oxidation rate. The study aimed to assess the quality, adhesion, and thickness of the Mn–Co coating, with the objective of...
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Migration of trace elements and radioisotopes to various fractions of solid wastes generated as a result of the sewage sludge incineration process
PublicationThe research was aimed at providing new knowledge in the field of chemical characteristics of solid waste generated in the process of combustion of sewage sludge in fluidized bed furnaces. The research material consisted of disposed fluidized beds (DFB), sewage sludge ash (SSA) and air pollution control residues (APC) from three Polish installations for the thermal treatment of sewage sludge. Natural radionuclides as well as anthropogenic...
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Using On-line Measurement by Electronic Nose and Computer Simulations for Real-time Control at WWTP
PublicationContinuous investigation of wastewater quality can be carried out by a device called an e-nose. One important feature of the proposed real-time control system for WWTP is that using on-line measurements by e-nose together (Figure 1) with technological sets picked on this basis by means of computer models, it is possible to change treatment process parameters, depending on the current quality of wastewater. It can be used for the...
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Patch size setup and performance/cost trade-offs in multi-objective EM-driven antenna optimization using sequential domain patching
PublicationPurpose This paper aims to assess control parameter setup and its effect on computational cost and performance of deterministic procedures for multi-objective design optimization of expensive simulation models of antenna structures. Design/methodology/approach A deterministic algorithm for cost-efficient multi-objective optimization of antenna structures has been assessed. The algorithm constructs a patch connecting extreme Pareto-optimal...
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Decisional-DNA-Based Digital Twin Implementation Architecture for Virtual Engineering Objects
PublicationDigital twin (DT) is an enabling technology that integrates cyber and physical spaces. It is well-fitted for manufacturing setup since it can support digitalized assets and data analytics for product and process control. Conventional manufacturing setups are still widely used all around the world for the fabrication of large-scale production. This article proposes a general DT implementation architecture for engineering objects/artifacts...
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ALGORYTMY STEROWANIA SILNIKA WYSOKOPRĘŻNEGO Z UKŁADEM COMMON RAIL
PublicationRozwój wiedzy i technologii związanej z procesami spalania paliwa w silniku i prowadzeniem kontrolowanego procesu spalania, skutkuje wzrostem sprawności silników i lepszą ochroną środowiska. Ciekawym rozwiązaniem technicznym jest silnik z zapłonem samoczynnym pracujący z bardzo wysokim ciśnieniem wtrysku paliwa i często z recyrkulacją spalin – silnik z układem Common Rail. Do sterowania silnika stosowane są złożone układy mechatroniczne...
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Modelling of Curvature of the Railway Track Geometrical Layout Using Particle Swarm Optimization
PublicationA method of railway track geometrical layout design, based on application of cubic C-Bezier curves for describing the layout curvature is presented in the article. The control points of a cubic C-Bezier curve are obtained in an optimization process carried out using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The optimization criteria are based on the evaluation of the dynamic interactions and satisfaction of geometrical design requirements.
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Wpływ strat mechanicznych w siłowniku teleskopowym zespołu zagęszczającego w pojeździe do usuwania odpadów z pojemników na skuteczność prasowania odpadów
PublicationHydraulic telescopic cylinders are used to power the moving wall of rear loader garbage trucks equipped with the traditional "sweep and slide" system. As the garbage compression force is directly dependent on the resistance force of the moving wall, losses in the hydraulic telescopic cylinder influence the compaction process. Taking them into account in the control system may improve the operation of the compaction...
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Knowledge-based functional safety and security management in hazardous industrial plants with emphasis on human factors
PublicationExisting and emerging new hazards have significant potential to impact destructively operation of technical systems, hazardous plants, and systems / networks of critical infrastructure. The programmable control and protection systems play nowadays an important role in reducing and controlling risk in the process of hazardous plant operation. It is outlined how to deal with security related hazards concerning such systems to be...
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Trigger-based Model to Assess the Readiness of IT Organizations to Agile Transformation
PublicationThe process of change the method of project management from waterfall to agile is called “agile transformation” (AT). The decision to agile transformation is undertaken based on many different factors. Many companies decide to abandon classic, waterfall methodology for agile without prior analysis. This approach makes the processes of agile transformation is hard to control and frequently the implementation of agile fails. The...
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Current issues of functional safety and cybersecurity analysis of the industrial and critical infrastructures
PublicationThis article addresses some functional safety assessment procedures with cybersecurity aspects in critical industrial installations with regard to the functional safety requirements specified in standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. The functional safety management includes hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of safety functions. Based on the risk assessment...
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Integrated functional safety and cyber security analysis
PublicationThe chapter is devoted some important issues of the functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with regard of the evaluation assurance levels (EAL)...
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Surface Roughness Evaluation in Thin EN AW-6086-T6 Alloy Plates after Face Milling Process with Different Strategies
PublicationLightweight alloys made from aluminium are used to manufacture cars, trains and planes. The main parts most often manufactured from thin sheets requiring the use of milling in the manufacturing process are front panels for control systems, housing parts for electrical and electronic components. As a result of the final phase of the manufacturing process, cold rolling, residual stresses remain in the surface layers, which can influence...
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Li nucleation on the graphite anode under potential control in Li-ion batteries
PublicationApplication of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles requires improved safety, increased lifetime and high charging rates. One of the most commonly used intercalation anode material for Li-ion batteries, graphite, is vulnerable to Li nucleation, a side reaction which competes with the intercalation process and leads to loss of reversible capacity of the battery, ageing and short-circuits. In this study, we deploy a combined grand...
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Standard gas mixtures- indispensable reference materials in the analysis of gaseous media
PublicationIn recent years the need for the quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results has been particularly strongly emphasised. Certified reference materials play an invaluable role in this process. The article characterises the basic types of reference materials, focusing in particular on those in the gaseous state. It also reviews the literature on the techniques of preparing standard gas mixtures over the last ten...
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Standard gas mixtures- indispensable reference materials in the analysis of gaseous media
PublicationIn recent years the need for the quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results has been particularly strongly emphasised. Certified reference materials play an invaluable role in this process. The article characterises the basic types of reference materials, focusing in particular on those in the gaseous state. It also reviews the literature on the techniques of preparing standard gas mixtures over the last ten...
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Non-matrix reference matrials- chalanges in the preparation of standard gas mixtures
PublicationIn the last few years particularly great pressure is exerted on quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results. An invaluable role in this process is played by reference materials. The paper presents the characteristics of basic types of reference materials, with particular attention to gaseous reference materials. In addition, a review of literature on techniques of preparation of gaseous standard materials, published...
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Design and evaluation of a base module of active power electronic transformer
PublicationThis paper presents an active power electronic transformer (APET) based on modular structure. The proposed three phase APET consists of at least three base modules (BM). The input/output stage of the BM is based on half-bridge sub modules. The isolation stage includes a medium frequency transformer and is realized as a dual half-bridge. The paper describes construction process and explains the control strategy. The theoretical...
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Functional safety and reliability analysis methodoloogy for hazardous industrial plants
PublicationThis monograph is devoted to current problems and methods of the functional safety and reliability analyses of the programmable control and protection systems for industrial hazardous plants. The results of these analyses are useful in the process of safety management in life cycle, for effective reducing relevant risks at the design stage, and then controlling these risks during the operation of given installation. The methodology...
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Optimising Sequencing Batch Reactor Operation Cycle Planning Using Evolutionary Algorithm
PublicationThe objective of this research was to optimise the operation cycle of the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Appropriate time balances of aerobic to anaerobic phases, as well as a set dissolved oxygen level are the key to ensuring the quality of effluent from the wastewater treatment process. The proposal to solve this optimisation problem was based on multi-objective optimisation using an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation...
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Designing issues of the alarm system in context of functional safety and human factors
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of the alarm system and human factors that should be evaluated during the design and operation of an industrial hazardous installation. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often applied for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To reduce and control the risks the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Personalized nutrition in ageing society: redox control of major-age related diseases through the NutRedOx Network (COST Action CA16112)
PublicationA healthy ageing process is important when it is considered that one-third of the population of Europe is already over 50 years old, although there are regional variations. This proportion is likely to increase in the future, and maintenance of vitality at an older age is not only an important measure of the quality of life but also key to participation and productivity. So, the binomial “nutrition and ageing” has different aspects...
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Rapid on-line method of wastewater parameters estimation by electronic nose for control and operating wastewater treatment plants toward Green Deal implementation
PublicationIn order to comply with legal regulations related to wastewater quality, the operational mode of facilities at wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) should be properly adjusted according to parameters of influents, however it is very difficult without frequently performed measurements. Currently there are known many techniques and devices for assesment of wastewater parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand,...
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Fuzzy Control of Waves Generation in a Towing Tank
PublicationThis paper presents the results of research related to the transformation of electrical energy into potential and kinetic energy of waves generated on the water surface. The waves are generated to model the environmental conditions for the needs of the model tests. The model tests are performed on model-scale objects to predict the features of full-scale maritime objects. It is done to improve human safety and the survivability...
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Detection of the Oocyte Orientation for the ICSI Method Automation
PublicationAutomation or even computer assistance of the popular infertility treatment method: ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) would speed up the whole process and improve the control of the results. This paper introduces a preliminary research for automatic spermatozoon injection into the oocyte cytoplasm. Here, the method for detection a correct orientation of the polar body of the oocyte is presented. Proposed method uses deep...
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UWARUNKOWANIA APLIKACYJNE KONCEPCJI PUNKTÓW STEROWANIA JAKOŚCIĄ NA PRZYKŁADZIE USŁUG PRALNICZYCH
PublicationW artykule tym zaprezentowano charakterystykę procesu w profesjonalnej pralni chemicznej. Jako cel przyjęto identyfikację i opis zasadniczych punktów sterowania jakością (PSJ) w tego typu procesach. Przedstawiono też informacje, jak działania formalizujące PSJ przełożyły się na efekty konkretnej organizacji świadczącej usługi pralnicze
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Foreign Entry Modes of High-tech Firms in Poland
PublicationThe main objective of the article is to present the role and importance of foreign entry modes in internationalization process and their key determinants. Research methods: A quantitative research design was used. A survey was conducted on the sample of 263 firms operating in...