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Search results for: synthetic data
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Detecting coupling directions with transcript mutual information: A comparative study
PublicationCausal relationships are important to understand the dynamics of coupled processes and, moreover, to influence or control the effects by acting on the causes. Among the different approaches to determine cause-effect relationships and, in particular, coupling directions in interacting random or deterministic processes, we focus in this paper on information-theoretic measures. So, we study in the theoretical part the difference between...
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Real and Virtual Instruments in Machine Learning – Training and Comparison of Classification Results
PublicationThe continuous growth of the computing power of processors, as well as the fact that computational clusters can be created from combined machines, allows for increasing the complexity of algorithms that can be trained. The process, however, requires expanding the basis of the training sets. One of the main obstacles in music classification is the lack of high-quality, real-life recording database for every instrument with a variety...
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The influence of synthesis method on the microstructure and catalytic performance of Y 0.07 Sr 0.93 Ti 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ in synthetic biogas operated solid oxide fuel cells
PublicationThe Y0.07Sr0.93Ti0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (YSTF) material was fabricated using three different synthesis methods: modified polymer precursor method (MPP), Pechini method and a solid state reaction method. It was applied as an anode catalytic material for biogas reforming in solid oxide fuel cells. Clear differences in the microstructure of fabricated catalytic layers were found, mainly with respect to a grain size and distribution of grains....
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Employment Specialization in the Enlarged European Union
PublicationThis paper presents the evolution of absolute employment specialization along the course of economic growth of 25 EU countries. We focus on the degree to which EU economies concentrate labor force in a few sectors/industries. Using disaggregated statistics classified according to NACE Rev. 1 division (71 sectors) we calculate various synthetic indices measuring the degree of diversification typical for the employment structures...
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DMSO and TMAO—Differences in Interactions in Aqueous Solutions of the K-Peptide
PublicationInteractions between a solvent and their co-solute molecules in solutions of peptides are crucial for their stability and structure. The K-peptide is a synthetic fragment of a larger hen egg white lysozyme protein that is believed to be able to aggregate into amyloid structures. In this study, a complex experimental and theoretical approach is applied to study systems comprising the peptide, water, and two co-solutes: trimethylamide...
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Application of Shape From Shading Technique for Side Scan Sonar Images
PublicationSide scan sonar (SSS) is one of the most widely used imaging systems in the underwater environment. It is relatively cheap and easy to deploy in comparison with more powerful sensors like multibeam echosounder or synthetic aperture sonar. Although, the SSS does not provide directly the seafloor bathymetry measurements. Its outputs are usually in a form of grey level acoustic images of seafloor. However, the analysis of such images...
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Floodsar: Automatic mapping of river flooding extent from multitemporal SAR imagery
PublicationFloodsar is an open-source tool for automatic mapping of the flood extent from a time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Floodsar is unsupervised, however, it requires defining the parameters search space, geographical area of interest, and some river gauge observations (e.g. water levels or discharges) time series that overlap temporarily with the SAR imagery. Applications of Floodsar are mainly in real-time monitoring...
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CONDITIONS OF THE GREEN TRANSFORMATION. THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
PublicationThe main purpose of the paper is to identify the factors that determine the course of green transformation and to assess the current stage and possible directions of change in subsequent years in EU countries. The literature lacks comprehensive studies that show the impact of diverse types of factors on the course of green transformation. For this purpose, two perspectives of the research – economic and environmental – are usually...
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Adaptacyjny system sterowania ruchem drogowym
PublicationAdaptacyjny system sterowania ruchem drogowym to rodzaj systemu sterowania, który dynamicznie, w czasie rzeczywistym, dostosowuje swoje parametry w oparciu o bieżące warunki ruchu drogowego. Celem niniejszej rozprawy jest sprawdzenie wpływu wybranych cech systemu, zbudowanego w oparciu o zaprojektowane i zbudowane z udziałem autora inteligentne znaki drogowe, na wybrane parametry mające wpływ na bezpieczeństwo i płynność ruchu....
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Common methods for the chiral determination of amphetamine and related compounds II: Capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance
PublicationAmphetamine group and related ring-substituted substances are generally synthetic compounds, belonging to one of the most heavily abused drug groups in recent years. Some compounds in this class also originate from plants. Analysis of the enantiomers of AM-type compounds and metabolites is extremely important for a number of scientific disciplines. From studies of biological activity or mechanisms through determination of precursor...
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Wykorzystanie wiązań niekowalencyjnych do otrzymywania jedno- i dwuskładnikowych struktur supramolekularnych
PublicationPrzedstawiona rozprawa doktorska dotyczy badań nad wykorzystaniem oddziaływań międzycząsteczkowych do projektowania i syntezy uporządkowanych struktur krystalicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wiązań halogenowych i chalkogenowych jako stosunkowo nowych i bardzo atrakcyjnych z punktu widzenia inżynierii kryształu. Praca podzielona jest na kilka części. Pierwsza z nich stanowi wstęp teoretyczny obejmujący opis, założenia oraz...
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Energy-Efficient Self-Supervised Technique to Identify Abnormal User Over 5G Network for E-Commerce
PublicationWithin the realm of e-commerce networks, it is frequently observed that certain users exhibit behavior patterns that differ substantially from the normative behaviors exhibited by the majority of users. The identification of these atypical individuals and the understanding of their behavioral patterns are of significant practical significance in maintaining order on e-commerce platforms. One such method for accomplishing this...
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Energy-Efficient Self-Supervised Technique to Identify Abnormal User Over 5G Network for E-Commerce
PublicationWithin the realm of e-commerce networks, it is frequently observed that certain users exhibit behavior patterns that differ substantially from the normative behaviors exhibited by the majority of users. The identification of these atypical individuals and the understanding of their behavioral patterns are of significant practical significance in maintaining order on e-commerce platforms. One such method for accomplishing this objective...
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Chiral [Mn II Mn III 3 M′] (M′=Na I , Ca II , Mn II ) and [Mn II Mn III 6 Na I 2 ] Clusters Built from an Enantiomerically Pure Schiff Base: Synthetic, Chiroptical, and Magnetic Properties
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Fatal N-Ethylhexedrone Intoxication
PublicationN-Ethylhexedrone [2-(ethyloamino)-1-phenylhexan-1-one; α-ethylaminohexanophenone; NEH] is one of the most recent synthetic cathinones that appeared on the illegal market in late 2015. The majority of information concerning the model of consumption of NEH and its impact on the body originates only from self-reports from grey literature websites and drug forums. There are only limited data associated with the concentrations of NEH...
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A new synthetic entry to phosphinophosphinidene complexes. Synthesis and structural characterisation of the first side-on bonded and the first terminally bonded phosphinophosphinidene zirconium complexes[mu-(1,2:2-eta-tBu2PLP){Zr(Cl)Cp2}2] and [{Zr(PPhMe2)Cp2}(eta^1^-P-P-tBu2)].
PublicationPodano nową metodę syntezy kompleksów fosfinofosfinidenowych polegającą na reakcji dichlorku cyrkonocenu z solą litową difosfanu t-Bu2P-P(SiMe3)Li. Otrzymano pierwsze kompleksy fosfanofosfinidenowe cyrkonu z ligandem związanym w sposób boczny i ligandem związanym terminalnie.
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Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Methods with Class Imbalance Problem in Android Malware Detection
PublicationDue to the exponential rise of mobile technology, a slew of new mobile security concerns has surfaced recently. To address the hazards connected with malware, many approaches have been developed. Signature-based detection is the most widely used approach for detecting Android malware. This approach has the disadvantage of being unable to identify unknown malware. As a result of this issue, machine learning (ML) for detecting malware...
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An analytical four-layer horizontal electric current dipole model for analysing underwater electric potential in shallow seawater
PublicationThe paper presents a new analytical four‑layer (air–water–bottom–non‑conductive layer) horizontal electric dipole model which allows an accurate approximation of ship’s Underwater Electric Potential (UEP) from a sufficient depth in shallow coastal marine waters. The numerical methods, usually Finite Element Method (FEM) or Boundary Elements Method (BEM), are typically used to estimate the electric field and the distribution of...
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Mechanochemical Energy Transduction during the Main Rotary Step in the Synthesis Cycle of F1-ATPase
PublicationF1-ATPase is a highly efficient molecular motor that can synthesize ATP driven by a mechanical torque. Its ability to function reversibly in either direction requires tight mechanochemical coupling between the catalytic domain and the rotating central shaft, as well as temporal control of substrate binding and product release. Despite great efforts and significant progress, the molecular details of this synchronized and fine-tuned...
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Blood concentrations of a new psychoactive substance 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) determined in 15 forensic cases
PublicationPurpose: The 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) is a synthetic derivative of cathinone and belongs to new psychoactive substances. Neither data on the effects of 4-CMC on the human body, nor on nontoxic, toxic and lethal concentrations in biological materials have been published in the literature. This paper describes the results of an analysis of the blood concentrations of 4-CMC determined in 15 forensic cases related to nonfatal...
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Computer-assisted pronunciation training—Speech synthesis is almost all you need
PublicationThe research community has long studied computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) methods in non-native speech. Researchers focused on studying various model architectures, such as Bayesian networks and deep learning methods, as well as on the analysis of different representations of the speech signal. Despite significant progress in recent years, existing CAPT methods are not able to detect pronunciation errors with high...
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Influence of selected WMA additives on viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavements
PublicationWarm mix asphalt additives are effective in decreasing production, laying and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixes. However, there are still questions concerning influence of warm mix additives on properties of asphalt mixes and pavement performance. This paper presents results of the comprehensive research of viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavement structures with layers made with warm mix asphalt additives at...
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Sustainable recovery of plant essential Nitrogen and Phosphorus from human urine using industrial coal fly ash
PublicationCoal-based thermal power plants play a pivotal role in meeting global energy demand. The amount of fly ash generated from these plants increases every year, and its successful use has posed a significant environmental risk in the last decade. In this study, coal fly ash was packed in a fixed-bed adsorption column to remove Urea–N from synthetic human urine. To assess the efficacy of fly ash in the removal of Nitrogen, various process...
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Charge Transport in High-Entropy Oxides
PublicationThis work presents the results of research on the transport properties of the high-entropy BaZr1/8Hf1/8Sn1/8Ti1/8Y1/8In1/8Sm1/8Yb1/8O3–x perovskite oxide with special focus on proton transport. The presented study is part of broader work in which we focus on multiple different chemical compositions with the cation number varying from 5 up to 12 (in B-sublattice). The presence of proton defects is analyzed with thermogravimetry,...
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Drill holes decrease cancellous bone strength: A comparative study of 33 paired osteoporotic human and 9 paired artificial bone samples
PublicationThis study was designed to compare compressive strength of cancellous bone retrieved from the femoral head in a specimen with and without guide wire hole, with comparison to synthetic bone samples. Femoral heads retrieved from 33 patients who sustained femoral neck fractures and underwent hip arthroplasty were cut into cuboids leaving two matching samples from the same femoral head. Similar samples were prepared from synthetic femurs....
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Problems with modelling the strength properties of sailing vessels rigging ropes
PublicationThis article presents the basic parameters of soft ropes: natural fibre ropes, soft wire ropes and synthetic fibre ropes used for running rigging. There are only several materials still used for the production of natural fibre ropes, including cotton, jute, hemp, sisal and manila hemp. The most commonly used soft wire ropes are twisted pair ropes; for smaller diameters there is a 6x19M - FC rope and for larger diameters – 6x37M...
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Evaluating the effect of different operational strategies on the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants – case studies from northern Poland
PublicationNowadays, low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is expected at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, emission quantification and evaluation still faces difficulties related to data availability and uncertainty. The objective of this study was to perform carbon footprint (CF) analysis for two municipal WWTPs located in northern Poland. Slupsk WWTP is a large biological nutrient removal (BNR) facility (250,000 PE) which benefits...
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Instance segmentation of stack composed of unknown objects
PublicationThe article reviews neural network architectures designed for the segmentation task. It focuses mainly on instance segmentation of stacked objects. The main assumption is that segmentation is based on a color image with an additional depth layer. The paper also introduces the Stacked Bricks Dataset based on three cameras: RealSense L515, ZED2, and a synthetic one. Selected architectures: DeepLab, Mask RCNN, DEtection TRansformer,...
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Complexes of silanethiolate ligands: Synthesis, structure, properties and application
PublicationThe purposeful syntheses of silanethiolate complexes started approximately in the mid-eighties of the 20th century but no summary of the synthetic efforts has been reported till now. The synthetic methods and the resulting complexes have some common features, which are emphasized throughout the review. Thereby specific difficulties during synthesis are outlined and the structures, properties and possible applications of the resulting...
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Synthesis of the inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitors
PublicationIn this review are summrized newly described IMPDH inhibitors. The article concerns both synthetic pathways and biological activities of the most promising compounds.
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Gelatin-Modified Polyurethanes for Soft Tissue Scaffold
PublicationRecently, in the field of biomaterials, which are being designed for soft tissue scaffolding, is growing the interest of their modification with natural polymers. Synthetic polymers are often hard, not easy to process and they do not possess fine biodegradable profile. From the other hand natural polymers are biocompatible, but weak when used alone. The combination of natural and synthetic polymers gives the suitable properties...
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Biomechanical properties of 3D-printed bone models
PublicationBone lesions resulting from large traumas or cancer resections can be successfully treated by directly using synthetic materials or in combination with tissue engineering methods (hybrid). Synthetic or hybrid materials combined with bone tissue’s natural ability for regeneration and biological adaptation to the directions of loading, allow for full recovery of its biological functions. Increasing interest in new production methods...
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Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides
PublicationThis review summarizes the state of knowledge on the chemical methods of C(5)-modifications of uridine and cytidine derivatives and may serve as a useful tool for synthetic chemists to choose an appropriate reaction protocol. The synthesis of 5-substituted uracil derivatives is gaining an increasing interest because of their possible applications in medicine and pharmacy. Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides...
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Potentiometric Solid-Contact Multisensor System for Simultaneous Measurement of Several Ions
PublicationThe design and performance of potentiometric multisensor system made in solid-contact technology is described. Both, the measuring electrodes as well as the reference electrode are in a compact cell. The system allows for simultaneous measurement of various ions. The characteristics of the electrodes for Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions were determined using the designed system and compared with ISEs of the same membrane composition in classical...
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Hydro Lubricants: Water-based lubricants for hydropower applications
PublicationSeveral different base oil types exist in the market including mineral and synthetic oils (e.g. polyalphaolefins, ester, polyglycol, etc.) and are currently widely in use. Although synthetic oils have drawn great attention over the past few decades in terms of their tribological benefits, mineral oils are still widely used in hydropower applications due primarily to their low cost and easy miscibility with other oils. However,...
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BIOMATERIALS AND IMPLANTS IN CARDIAC AND VASCULAR SURGERY - REVIEW
PublicationCurrently, on prosthesis in cardiac blood vessels and heart valves are used materials of animal or synthetic origin. For animal materials include, among others pericardial sac in which is the heart. Materials such as this (natural) are characterized by a remarkable biocompatibility within the human body, but their main disadvantage is the relatively low durability. In turn, synthetic materials, which include the austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum...
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Oil removal from polluted soil by washing with surfactants solutions in dynamic conditions
PublicationFor washing of the oil from polluted soil surfactants solutions were applied. In a research a nonionic synthetic surfactant - polyoxyethylene ether of synthetic fatty alcohol (Rokanol NL6), rhamnolipid biosurfactant JBR 425 (Jeneil Biosurfactant Co. LLC) and their mixtures were used. Results of oil removal from peat soil and sand with mixtures of surfactants solutions at concentration 0,5 g/dm...
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Natural sweeteners: Sources, extraction and current uses in foods and food industries
PublicationFood producers have leaned towards alternative natural and synthetic sweeteners in food formulations to satisfy market demands. Even so, several synthetic sweeteners (e.g., aspartame, saccharin, sucralose) are becoming less popular due to health-related concerns, lower nutritional values, and controversies around their safety. Conversely, natural sweeteners confer favourable customer perceptions due to their association to a healthier...
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Numerical Model of the Aortic Valve Implanted Within Real Human Aorta
PublicationCardiovascular system diseases are the main cause of deaths in developed and developing countries. The main reasons are myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and valvular diseases. These are caused mainly by arteriosclerosis. The valvular diseases involve a significant burden for the health care system and their frequency is rising with the patient age. This work describes the tools and numerical models appropriate for modeling...
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A review of amide bond formation in microwave organic synthesis
PublicationMicrowave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) is one of the most current trends in organic chemistry. Herein, both the most popular and new approaches in microwave-syntheses of very important linkage in Nature - amide bond - are overviewed and compared with conventional synthetic routes.
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Enhanced acceptor concentration, proton conductivity, and hydration in multicomponent rare‐earth ortho‐niobates
PublicationThe structural properties of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Eu0.2)1−xCaxNbO4−δ (x = 0–0.05) series have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetry, from which the concentration of proton defects was determined. Additionally, dilatometry studies were carried out, from which the thermal expansion coefficients and the phase transition temperature between low-...
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A Convenient Synthesis of Monocationic 1-[(Cyclic amidino)methyl]thymines
Publication1-[(Cyclic amidino)methyl]thymines have been conveniently synthesized from thymine in a three-step procedure via 1-cyanomethyl- and 1-[(thiocarbamoyl) methyl]thymines. The above synthetic intermediates were obtained in good yields by improved methods.
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The miniaturised emission chamber system and home-made passive flux sampler studies of monoaromatic hydrocarbons emissions from selected commercially-available floor coverings
PublicationThe estimation of the emission rate of organic compounds released from various types of indoor materials can be performed using stationary environmental test chambers (ETC) classified as ex-situ methods or small-scale portable analytical devices based on the use of passive technique at the stage of analytes sampling from the gaseous phase (in-situ methods). The paper presents results of emissions of selected organic compounds from...
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Practical Method for the Preparation of 2,2-Dimethyl-5- {aryl[(hetero)aryl]methyl}-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones: Synthesis and Mechanistic Study
PublicationAn efficient practical synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-5-{aryl[(hetero)aryl]methyl}- 1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones through Friedel–Crafts alkylation. The scope and limitation of the reaction of 2,2-dimethyl-5-arylidene-1,3-dioxane- 4,6-diones with π-excess aromatic systems have been delineated.
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The impact of natural fibers’ characteristics on mechanical properties of the cement composites
PublicationThe paper reviews the properties of cement composites reinforced with short fibres. The effect of natural fibres was investigated: cotton, sisal, jute, ramie, bamboo, and synthetic fibres: polymer and polypropylene. It was noticed that the fibres change the consistency of the mixture up to 15%. In the composite flexural strength tests, a change in strength by +/− 8% was observed, depending on the type of fibres used. The research...
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Hydrogen Damage in Superaustenitic 904L Stainless Steels
Publicationresults on the influence of hydrogen on corrosion resistance and of hydrogen embrittlement of 904L superaustenitic stainless steel were investigated. The cracking behavior was studied by performing a slow strain rate test in synthetic seawater under varying cathodic polarization conditions. The results showed that the steel’s plasticity varied with the applied cathodic current density. Significant reductions in ductility were found,...
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Therapeutic intervention by the simultaneous inhibition of DNA repair and type I or type II DNA topoisomerases: one strategy, many outcomes
PublicationMany anticancer drugs reduce the integrity of DNA, forming strand breaks. This can cause mutations and cancer or cell death if the lesions are not repaired. Interestingly, DNA repair-deficient cancer cells (e.g., those with BRCA1/2 mutations) have been shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Based on this observation, a new therapeutic approach termed 'synthetic lethality' has been developed, in which radiation...
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Possibilities of Phoslock® application to remove phosphorus compounds from wastewater treated in hybrid wetlands
PublicationTreatment wetland technologies for wastewater treatment can be easily applied for removal of all pollutants except phosphorous. They are applicable in a small towns and rural areas, places where conventional wastewater treatment plant cannot properly operate because of common economic constraints. In Poland only the 8% of rural areas are equipped with sewer system, thus treatment wetlands might be an alternative, effective and...
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Emotions Embodied in the SVC of an Autonomous Driver System
PublicationA concept of embodied intelligence (EI) is considered. None of such implementations can be fully identified with artificial intelligence. Projects that dare to approach AI and EI should be based on both the AI concepts (symbolic and sub-symbolic), in solving real problems of perception and decision-making. Therefore, the EI, in this paper, is understood as a methodology that uses all available resources and algorithms from the...
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Low-cost Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural By-products/Wastes for Enhancing Contaminant Uptakes from Wastewater: A Review
PublicationA major threat to the comfort of human life has been imposed by increased industrialization and urbanization. The generation and disposal of huge amounts of toxic materials and pollutants have heavily contaminated our environment. Some Organics such as synthetic dyes (SD) and heavy metals (HM) are becoming increasingly prevalent as the most dangerous pollutants in soil and surface water environments. They are...