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Search results for: HEAT FLOW PROCESSES
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Modelling of blood flow: from macro to microscales
PublicationThe aim of this paper it to review various scale approaches to blood flow modelling. Blood motion may be described by three types of mathematical models according to the observed scales or resolutions, namely microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic description. The above approaches are discussed together with their advantages and disadvantages. Several results of mesoscopic simulations are presented.
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A System for Cooling Electronic Elements with EHD Coolant Flow
PublicationA system for cooling electronic components where the liquid coolant flow is forced with ion-drag type EHD micropumps was tested.
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Technical and economic conditions of supplying residential consumers with heat from nuclear power plant
PublicationThe reduction of CO2 emission requires technological shift towards carbon-free options. Cogeneration of electricity and heat based on coal and natural gas will experience generation cost increase, if the costs of emissions are imposed on the plant operators. Therefore, nuclear and renewable options should be considered. In this paper, we present the concept of electricity and heat supply system with nuclear condensing turbine adapted...
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A numerical and experimental analysis of multi-hole orifice in turbulent flow
PublicationIn this research study, the comprehensive metrological analysis is investigated for a 4-hole orifice with module m = 0.25 installed in the pipeline with an internal diameter of 50 mm. A detailed numerical simulation was performed for the turbulence models: k-ε-realizable and k-ω-BSL. The novelties of the research include model validation by comparing the results of numerical studies with the experiment conducted in the area of...
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials as Substrates for Fermentation Processes
PublicationLignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable resource that potentially contains large amounts of energy. It is an interesting alternative for fossil fuels, allowing the production of biofuels and other organic compounds. In this paper, a review devoted to the processing of lignocellulosic materials as substrates for fermentation processes is presented. The review focuses on physical, chemical, physicochemical, enzymatic,...
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The vortex flow caused by sound in a bubbly liquid
PublicationGeneration of vorticity in the field of intense sound in a bubbly liquid in the free half-space is considered. The reasons for generation of vorticity are nonlinearity, diffraction, and dispersion. Acoustic streaming differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Under some conditions, the vortex flow changes its direction. Conclusions concern streaming induced by a harmonic or an impulse Gaussian beam.
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Estimation of the steam condensation flow via CFD methods
PublicationThe results of numerical simulations to predict the performance of different steam models have been presented. All of the considered models of steam condensation have been validated on the base of benchmark experiment employing expansion in nozzle and next on the low pressure part of the steam turbine stage. For numerical analysis three models have been finally used – the ideal steam model without condensation, an equilibrium steam...
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Study of free convective heat transfer from horizontal conic.
PublicationPrzedstawiono teoretyczne rozważania i badania eksperymentalne konwekcji swobodnej od izotermicznej powierzchni poziomego stożka w przestrzeni nieograniczonej. Rozwiązanie przeprowadzono dla wprowadzonego krzywoliniowego układu współrzędnych, opartego na krzywej linii prądu wokół powierzchni stożkowej.
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Advanced Modeling of Management Processes in Information Technology
PublicationThis book deals with the issues of modeling management processes of information technology and IT projects while its core is the model of information technology management and its component models (contextual, local) describing initial processing and the maturity capsule as well as a decision-making system represented by a multi-level sequential model of IT technology selection, which acquires a fuzzy rule-based implementation...
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL numerical investigation of MHD nanofluid convective heat transfer inside a CUBIC porous container with corrugated bottom wall
PublicationSimultaneous use of porous media and nanofluid as a heat transfer improvement method has recently captivated a great deal of attention. The heat transfer and entropy production of the Cu-water nanofluid inside a cubic container with a heated bottom wavy wall and an elliptic inner cylinder were numerically analyzed in this study. The container is partitioned into two sections: the left side is filled with permeable media and...
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Comparison of heat transfer characteristics in surface cooling with boiling microjets of water, ethanol and HFE7100
PublicationThe basis of microjet technology is to produce jets which impinge the surface at the stagnation point with a very high kinetic energy. Main objective of this paper was to investigate the physical phenomena occurring on solid surfaces upon impingement of the single microjet in case of three fluids, namely water, ethanol and HFE7100. Intense heat transfer in the impact zone of microjet has been examined and described with precise...
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Experimental Investigations On The Momentum Pressure Drop During Flow Boiling Of R134a
PublicationThe article presents experimental investigations of the pressure drop during twophase flow. Experiments were performed for both adiabatic and heated flow of R134a. Obtained flow patterns were compared with the literature. Obtained data is used to validate momentum pressure drop predictions, a set of graphs showing comparisons, for a representative set of experimental conditions, of the two-phase frictional pressure gradients for...
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ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PROCESSES IN TRANSACTIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS
PublicationThe implementation of smart charging of electric vehicles allows operators of local power networks and electricity suppliers to implement new business models for the interaction of electric vehicles with the network. In addition to the optimal selection of Microgrid capacities when charging electric vehicles, it is also important to use different charging methods. To satisfy the interests of all participants of local systems from...
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Numerical simulation of cold flow and combustion in a swirl stabilized combustor
PublicationA numerical simulation model was developed to investigate the cold flow and combustion using Ansys FLUENT 2021R1. The governing equations were solved using the pressure-based method, and pressure–velocity coupling was performed using the SIMPLE method. To model the turbulent process, the RSM model was used. Non-premixed model is chosen to solve the chemical kinetics between fuel and oxigen. Radiation heat transfer was calculated...
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Investigation of the influence of capilary effect on operation of the loop heat pipe
PublicationIn the paper presented are studies on the inestigation of the capillary forces effect inducted in the porous structure of a loop heat pipe using water and ethanol ad test fluids. The potential application of such effects is for example in the evaporator of the domestic micro-CHP unit, where the reduction of pumping power could be obtained. Preliminary analysis of the results indicates water as having the best potential for developing...
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Determination of Mechanical Energy Loss in Steady Flow by Means of Dissipation Power
PublicationWhen systems of simple geometry like pipes or regular channels are considered, the mechan- ical energy loss of the fluid flow can be expressed by local and longitudinal empirical energy loss coefficients. However, in the case of large spatially distributed objects, there are no simple approaches to this task. In practice, general recommendations addressing different types of objects are used, but they usually provide very coarse...
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Application of ANN and PCA to two-phase flow evaluation using radioisotopes
PublicationIn the two-phase flow measurements a method involving the absorption of gamma radiation can be applied among others. Analysis of the signals from the scintillation probes can be used to determine the number of flow parameters and to recognize flow structure. Three types of flow regimes as plug, bubble, and transitional plug – bubble flows were considered in this work. The article shows how features of the signals in the time and...
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Evaluation of technical efficiency of heat and electric power generation
PublicationThis paper presents an evaluation of technical efficiency and time-dependent changes in productivity of Polish professional electric power and heat&electric power stations by using Data Envelopment Analysis non-parametric method. The research covered the enterprises whose total available electric power amounted to about 98% of that of all professional thermal electric power stations in this country. The analysis has concerned...
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Analytical Steady-State Model of the Pipeline Flow Process
PublicationThe paper addresses the issue of modeling the flow process in transmission pipelines. A base model used for numerical simulation is introduced. Under certain assumptions concerning steady state analysis, the differential equations describing the process are solved analytically for two cases: zero and nonzero inclination angle α. These equations describe a constant flow rate and a corresponding distribution of the pressure along...
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublicationThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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Inverse heat transfer problem solution of sounding rocket using moving window optimization
PublicationAn Inverse Heat Transfer Problem is solved for a sounding rocket module given its geometry and measured temperature profile. The solution is obtained via moving window optimization, a technique for solving inverse dynamics. An analysis is performed to modify the method to avoid oscillatory behavior of the resulting heat flux profile. The method parameters are tuned in relation to characteristic phases of the flight. Results are...
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Designing Aggregate KPIs as a Method of Implementing Decision-Making Processes in the Management of Smart Cities
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to present a concept of measuring the performance of city management processes by use of a concept of aggregate KPIs. In the management of organizations and, as a consequence of the use of a common design framework also in the management of cities, silo KPIs are commonly used to show the statuses of the processes of organizations/cities. Thus the question arises as to what extent aggregate KPIs, as proposed...
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Selection Of Optimal Working Fluid For Use With Hybrid Microchannel-Microjet Heat Exchanger
PublicationThe paper presents the investigation to find best suited working fluid for a microjet- microchannel cooling module. In which microjets are impinging into the microchannels and forming a liquid film on the impingement surface. This technology takes benefits from two very attractive heat removal techniques. When laminar jets are impinging on the surface have a very high kinetic energy at the stagnation point, also in microchannels...
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EFFECT OF WORKING FLUID SELECTION ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGER FILLED BY THE POROUS MATERIAL
PublicationThermal management of electronics semiconductor technologies that are located i.e. in a novel marine power plants or computer server rooms become very important issue for designers of such systems. Motivation and need for research in development of novel cooling strategies for modern electronics is of paramount importance. Heat exchangers filled by the porous material are a novel research topic in current heat pipe science. The...
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Analysis of the radiation dose in UV-disinfection flow reactors.
PublicationTheoretical considerations devoted to the variation of UV radiation doses in flow disinfection reactors are presented. The minimal time required by the fluid to pass the reactor was determined and combined with the radiation intensity. The active zones of the reactor were determined.
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The In-House Method of Manufacturing a Low-Cost Heat Pipe with Specified Thermophysical Properties and Geometry
PublicationVarious types of heat pipes are available to purchase off the shelf, from various manufacturers, but most of them have strictly defined geometry and technical parameters. However, when there is a need to use a heat pipe (HP) with an unusual size and shape or working conditions other than the standard ones, it becomes very costly to order them from manufacturers, especially in small quantities, and only a few producers are willing...
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EVALUATION OF LIQUID-GAS FLOW IN PIPELINE USING GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE AND ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING
PublicationLiquid-gas flows in pipelines appear in many industrial processes, e.g. in the nuclear, mining, and oil industry. The gamma-absorption technique is one of the methods that can be successfully applied to study such flows. This paper presents the use of thegamma-absorption method to determine the water-air flow parameters in a horizontal pipeline. Three flow types were studied in this work: plug, transitional plug-bubble,...
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Studies on the influence of technological variants of finishing machining on flow of parts in flexible manufacturing
PublicationIn the article below the problems of influence of variants of finishing processing on flow of machining parts in flexible manufacturing system were presented. The investigations were carried out the technological processes for piston rods and rams of hydraulic cylinders. There were also presented model variants of technological processes for piston rods finished with the burnishing. In these studies the influence of technological...
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On various modelling approaches to real-time visualisation of blood flow
PublicationThis paper reviews various modelling approaches to real-time visualisation of blood flow. These include classic, macroscale approach based on the momentum conservation equation together with a proper constitutive equation. Moreover, modern micro- and mesoscale approaches, such as molecular dynamics and dissipative particle dynamics, are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methods are highlighted with particular...
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Processes of enhancing the intelligence of Learning Organizations on the basis of Competence Centers
PublicationThe process of organizational learning and proper knowledge management became today one of the major challenges for the organization acting in the knowledge-based economy. According to the observations of the authors of this paper the demand for formalization of knowledge management processes and organizational learning is particularly evident in research institutions, established either by the universities, or the companies. The...
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Application of spatial neural simulators of turbine blade rows to fluid flow diagnostics
PublicationThis chapter presents the results of neural modelling of fluid flow in steam turbine row. In modelling working conditions of the flow channel varied, thus the aim of the work was to reconstruct the reference state - distributions of velocity, pressure, and losses in flow channel - with high accuracy for fluid flow diagnostics.
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Evaluation of the structures size in the liquid-gas flow by gamma-ray absorption
PublicationThe rapid development of tomography methods particularly electrical, X and gamma rays allows for a wide range of the information about flow structure. However, all of such methods are quite complicated. At the same time much simpler systems as the measuring system of gamma rays absorption, allows to obtain a all key flow information which describe the two-phase flow. In the article the results of analyzes of radiometric signal...
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Influence of sludge treatment processes on heavy metal speciation
PublicationSludge composition is depending on sewage quality and also affected by processing methods such as thickening, stabilization and dewatering. During those processes some of sludge's undesirable properties might be reduced or enhanced.The objective of the study is the assessment of the influence of sludge processing on selected heavy metals partitioning between phases (aqueous and particle) and sludge. Sludge from the WWTP in Gdansk...
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Complex Predictive Solution for Computerized Processes in Tire Industry
PublicationFollowing increasing market needs of productivity, cost reduction and safety requirements, computerized industry are faced to finding optimum between economic aspects of business and safety-related risk management. Modern factories equipped with computerized processes and extended diagnostic tools to support operator do not often use of all information’s which comes from the equipment. Some of the relations between the events are...
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Identification of diagnostic parameter sensitivity during dynamic processes of a marine engine
PublicationChanging some parameters of the engine structure alters the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gas. This applies in particular to the damage of charge exchange system as well as fuel system and engine supercharger. These changes are much greater during the dynamic states and their accompanying transitional processes. The different sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to the same force, coming from the engine structure, but...
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BASICS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR TRANSFORMATIONS OF PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL PROCESSES
PublicationIntensive development of technologies, in particular of the spinotronics, nanotechnology, robotics, and ICT, shapes the new generation production systems. Their distinctive feature is the flexi-bility associated with production intelligence. It is required from all processes, including the production planning and control processes (PPCP). The article is of conceptual character. It was prepared based on literature research. It encompasses...
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Correlation between Compressive Strength and Heat of Hydration of Cement Mortars with Siliceous Fly Ash
PublicationThis paper presents the results of calorimetric and strength tests of mortars with ordinary Portland cement and two substitution rates (10 and 20%) of cement by siliceous fly ash. The prepared samples were cured under isothermal conditions at four different temperatures: 23, 33, 43 and 53 °C. Heat of hydration was measured using an isothermal calorimeter dedicated to monitor the hydration process of cementitious composites such...
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Alternative convolution approach to friction in unsteady pipe flow
PublicationIn the paper some aspects of the unsteady friction in pipe flow expressed by the convolution are analyzed. This additional term introduced into the motion equation involves the accelerations of fluid occurring in the past and a weighting function. The essence of such approach is to assume the appropriate form of weighting function. However, until now no fully reliable formula for this function has been found. To avoid some inconveniences...
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Air flow phenomena in the model of the blind drift
PublicationIn the presented paper, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to investigate flow pattern and turbulent structure in the model of blind drift. The presented model exist in mining, and has been analyzed to resolve ventilation issues. Blind region is particularly susceptible to unsafe methane accumulation. The measurement system allows us to evaluate all components of the velocity vector in channel cross-section simultaneously....
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Enhancing rheological muscle models with stochastic processes
PublicationPurpose: Biological musculoskeletal systems operate under variable conditions. Muscle stiffness, activation signals, and loads change during each movement. The presence of noise and different harmonic components in force production significantly influences the behaviour of the muscular system. Therefore, it is essential to consider these factors in numerical simulations. Methods: This study aims to develop a rheological mathematical...
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Discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump
PublicationThis paper presents results of discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Evolution Strategies (ES) are used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump is performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...
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Determination of dryout localization using a five-equation model of annular flow for boiling in minichannels
PublicationDetailed studies have suggested that the critical heat flux in the form of dryout in minichannels occurs when the combined effects of entrainment, deposition, and evaporation of the film make the film flow rate go gradually and smoothly to zero. Most approaches so far used the mass balance equation for the liquid film with appropriate formulations for the rate of deposition and entrainment respectively. It must be acknowledged...
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Particulate Matter Production of Small Heat Source Depending on the Bark Content in Wood Pellets
PublicationWood pellets as biofuel are more and more used in small heat sources in Europe. Standard wood pellets are produced from wood sawdust without bark. The paper deals about the impact of bark in wood pellets on their properties and combustion process. Special attention in this work is paid to production of particulate matter during combustion of wood pellets depending on bark content. There were experimentally produced spruce wood...
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Computational issues of solving the 1D steady gradually varied flow equation
PublicationIn this paper a problem of multiple solutions of steady gradually varied flow equation in the form of the ordinary differential energy equation is discussed from the viewpoint of its numerical solution. Using the Lipschitz theorem dealing with the uniqueness of solution of an initial value problem for the ordinary differential equation it was shown that the steady gradually varied flow equation can have more than one solution....
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Alternative Approach to Convolution Term of Viscoelasticity in Equations of Unsteady Pipe Flow
PublicationIn the paper the selected aspects concerning description of viscoelastic behavior of pipe walls during unsteady flow are analyzed. The alternative convolution expression of the viscoelastic term is presented and compared with the corresponding term referring to unsteady friction. Both approaches indicate similarities in the forms of impulse response functions and the parameter properties. The flow memory was introduced into convolution...
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Heat Transfer in Adsorption Chillers with Fluidized Beds of Silica Gel, Zeolite, and Carbon Nanotubes
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Immersive Technologies that Aid Additive Manufacturing Processes in CBRN Defence Industry
PublicationTesting unique devices or their counterparts for CBRN (C-chemical, B-biological, R-radiological, N-nuclear) defense relies on additive manufacturing processes. Immersive technologies aid additive manufacturing. Their use not only helps understand the manufacturing processes, but also improves the design and quality of the products. This article aims to propose an approach to testing CBRN reconnaissance hand-held products developed...
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Comparison of Traffic Flow Models with Real Traffic Data Based on a Quantitative Assessment
PublicationThe fundamental relationship of traffic flow and bivariate relations between speed and flow, speed and density, and flow and density are of great importance in transportation engineering. Fundamental relationship models may be applied to assess and forecast traffic conditions at uninterrupted traffic flow facilities. The objective of the article was to analyze and compare existing models of the fundamental relationship. To that...
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Optimization of combined heat and power (CHP) market allocation: The case of Poland
PublicationCombined heat and power (CHP), that is production of electricity and useful heat in a single thermodynamic process, is a way of primary energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, promotion of the electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration (CHP-E) was encouraged in the European Union. However, CHP-E promotion mechanisms proved low effectiveness in certain countries, like Poland, where the prices of certificates of origin...
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Mitigating the Energy Consumption and the Carbon Emission in the Building Structures by Optimization of the Construction Processes
PublicationFor decades, among other industries, the construction sector has accounted for high energy consumption and emissions. As the energy crisis and climate change have become a growing concern, mitigating energy usage is a significant issue. The operational and end of life phases are all included in the building life cycle stages. Although the operation stage accounts for more energy consumption with higher carbon emissions, the...