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Search results for: EARLY VISION PROCESSING
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CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing
PublicationThe architecture concept of a high-speed low-power analogue vision chip, which performs low-level real-time image algorithms ispresented. The proof-of-concept prototype vision chip containing 32 × 32 photosensor array and 32 analogue processors is fabricated usinga 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The prototype can be configured to register and process images with very high speed, reaching 2000 framesper second, or achieve very low power...
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Analog CMOS processor for early vision processing with highly reduced power consumption
PublicationA new approach to an analog ultra-low power visionchip design is presented. The prototype chip performs low-levelconvolutional image processing algorithms in real time. Thecircuit is implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS technology, contains64 x 64 SIMD matrix with embedded analogue processors APE(Analogue Processing Element). The photo-sensitive-matrix is of2.2 μm x 2.2 μm size, giving the density of 877 processors permm2. The matrix dissipates...
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Characteristics of an image sensor with early-vision processing fabricated in standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology
PublicationThe article presents measurement results of prototype integrated circuits for acquisition and processing of images in real time. In order to verify a new concept of circuit solutions of analogue image processors, experimental integrated circuits were fabricated. The integrated circuits, designed in a standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology, contain the image sensor and analogue processors that perform low-level convolution-based image...
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Multi-core processing system for real-time image processing in embedded computer vision applications
PublicationW artykule opisano architekturę wielordzeniowego programowalnego systemu do przetwarzania obrazów w czasie rzeczywistym. Dane obrazu są przetwarzane równocześnie przez wszystkie procesory. System umożliwia niskopoziomowe przetwarzanie obrazów,np. odejmowanie tła, wykrywanie obiektów ruchomych, transformacje geometryczne, indeksowanie wykrytych obiektów, ocena ich kształtu oraz podstawowa analiza trajektorii ruchu. Ang:This paper...
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Vision Zero in Poland
PublicationPoland’s experience of road safety work is relatively short. In the early 1990s road deaths soared to a staggering 8000 a year. A diagnosis found that Poland’s lack of systemic road safety action was to blame for those figures. In response, the state set up road safety bodies and commissioned road safety programs. In 2005, Poland followed the example of Sweden and adopted Vision Zero as a far-reaching concept of changes in road...
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Solid state versus fiber picosecond infrared lasers applied to two-photon vision tests
PublicationDevelopment of new microperimetric tools dedicated for imaging of early functional changes in the retina may help in the monitoring of various ocular diseases progression e.g. Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Recently described two-photon vision may be applied to microperimetric devices. Many subjects with well-known disease history could be investigated with newly developed instrumentation that tests ability of human eye to perceive...
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On the Consumption of Multimedia Content Using Mobile Devices: a Year to Year User Case Study
PublicationIn the early days, consumption of multimedia content related with audio signals was only possible in a stationary manner. The music player was located at home, with a necessary physical drive. An alternative way for an individual was to attend a live performance at a concert hall or host a private concert at home. To sum up, audio-visual effects were only reserved for a narrow group of recipients. Today, thanks to portable players,...
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Analogue CMOS ASICs in Image Processing Systems
PublicationIn this paper a survey of analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for low-level image processing, called vision chips, is presented. Due to the specific requirements, the vision chips are designed using different architectures best suited to their functions. The main types of the vision chip architectures and their properties are presented and characterized on selected examples of prototype integrated circuits (ICs)...
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CMOS implementation of an analogue median filter for image processing in real time
PublicationAn analogue median filter, realised in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology, is presented in this paper. The key advantages of the filter are: high speed of image processing (50 frames per second), low-power operation (below 1.25 mW under 3.3 V supply) and relatively high accuracy of signal processing. The presented filter is a part of an integrated circuit for image processing (a vision chip), containing: a photo-sensor matrix, a set of...
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From Knowledge based Vision Systems to Cognitive Vision Systems: A Review
PublicationComputer vision research and applications have their origins in 1960s. Limitations in computational resources inherent of that time, among other reasons, caused research to move away from artificial intelligence and generic recognition goals to accomplish simple tasks for constrained scenarios. In the past decades, the development in machine learning techniques has contributed to noteworthy progress in vision systems. However,...
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A nine-input 1.25 mW, 34 ns CMOS analog median filter for image processing in real time
PublicationIn this paper an analog voltage-mode median filter, which operates on a 3 × 3 kernel is presented. The filter is implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The proposed solution is based on voltage comparators and a bubble sort configuration. As a result, a fast (34 ns) time response with low power consumption (1.25 mW for 3.3 V) is achieved. The key advantage of the configuration is relatively high accuracy of signal processing,...
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An Analysis of Uncertainty and Robustness of Waterjet Machine Positioning Vision System
PublicationThe paper presents a new Automatic Waterjet Positioning Vision System (AWPVS) and investigates components of workpiece positioning accuracy. The main purpose of AWPVS is to precisely identify the position and rotation of a workpiece placed on a waterjet machine table. Two webcams form a basis for the system, and constitute its characteristics. The proposed algorithm comprises various image processing techniques to assure a required...
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Polish Experience of Implementing Vision Zero
PublicationPurpose of Review The aim of this study is to present an outline and the principles of Poland’s road safety strategic programming as it has developed over the last 25 years since the first Integrated Road Safety System with a strong focus on Sweden’s “Vision Zero”. Recent Findings Countries that have successfully improved road safety have done so by following strategies centred around the idea that people are not infallible and...
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New applications of sound and vision engineering
PublicationMultimedia, Sound & Vision Engineering are relatively new fields within the area of science and technology, but teaching and research in this area has been carried out at Gdansk University of Technology (Gdansk, Poland) for nearly 5 decades. Current project carried-out in the Multimedia Systems Department are in the scope of the paper.
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The Russian Federation in European Union Programmes
PublicationSince the early 1990s, the European Union has been supporting socio-economic transformations in the former Soviet Union states, including the Russian Federation. Initially, this assistance was provided in the framework of the TACIS Programme, offering long-term, non-repayable aid. In 1991–2006 Russia received EUR 2.7bn for the restructuring of the state enterprise sector, establishment of private companies, state administration...
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Vision-based motion analysis of kitesurfer
PublicationKitesurfing is a relatively recent phenomenon with raising popularity worldwide – a recently developed extreme water sport considered a high-risk injury sport. It combines elements of several other sports, in particular sailing, surfing, windsurfing, wakeboarding, and snowboarding. The main purpose of authors’ research in the present paper is to use a vision system technique for measuring a kitesurfer’s body movements in order...
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Binocular Vision Impairments Therapy Supported By Contactless Eye-gaze Tracking System
PublicationBinocular vision impairments often result in partial or total loss of stereoscopic vision. The lack of binocular vision is a serious vision impairment that deserves more attention. Very important result of the binocular vision impairments is a binocular depth perception. This paper describes also a concept of a measurement and therapy system for the binocular vision impairments by using eye-gaze tracking system.
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MACHINE VISION DETECTION OF THE CIRCULAR SAW VIBRATIONS
PublicationDynamical properties of rotating circular saw blades are crucial for both production quality and personnel safety. This paper presents a novel method for monitoring circular saw vibrations and deviations. A machine vision system uses a camera and a laser line projected on the saw’s surface to estimate vibration range. Changes of the dynamic behaviour of the saw were measured as a function of the rotational speed. The critical rotational...
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Conditions and capacity for implementing Poland’s vision zero
PublicationSince 1991 Poland has been systematically reducing its traffic hazard. Despite considerable progress Poland is still among the most dangerous countries in the European Union. The key types of actions that help to reduce fatalities include enhancement of pedestrian safety, reducing the number of speeding drivers and eliminating or reducing hazard on the road. The paper presents a brief diagnosis of the state of road safety in Poland...
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Hazard Control in Industrial Environments: A Knowledge-Vision-Based Approach
PublicationThis paper proposes the integration of image processing techniques (such as image segmentation, feature extraction and selection) and a knowledge representation approach in a framework for the development of an automatic system able to identify, in real time, unsafe activities in industrial environments. In this framework, the visual information (feature extraction) acquired from video-camera images and other context based gathered...
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Protection of Pedestrians as the Key Action for Implementing - Poland’s Vision Zero
PublicationWHO reports show that pedestrians account for 10 to 70% of total road crash fatalities. In Poland, pedestrians also represent a significant road safety problem. For many years, pedestrian collisions have accounted for approx. 30% of total road crashes with more than 30% of pedestrians killed. Therefore, pedestrian safety has been one of Poland’s main objectives in its road safety programs implemented over the past 20 years. The...
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RF Indoor Positioning System Supported by Wireless Computer Vision Sensors
PublicationIn this paper the possibility of increase the accuracy of RF fingerprinting indoor tracking system by the use of additional information from simple vision system is examined. As the distances in signal space differs from ones in real environment the ambiguity in decision process of fingerprinting algorithm can occur when set of closest distances between tag and map points in signal space corresponds to big distances differences...
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A Finer Point on Vision
PublicationAs an IES Member, I look forward to each issue of LD+A and read them with great interest as they are often very informative. To my surprise, the Research article (May 2019, p. 76) has an error which should be corrected.
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Effects of laser pulse duration in two-photon vision threshold measurements
PublicationPulsed near-infrared (NIR) light sources can be successfully applied for both imaging and functional testing of the human eye, as published recently1. These two groups of applications have different requirements. For imaging applications, the most preferable is invisible scanning beam while efficiently visible stimulating beam is preferable for functional testing applications. The functional testing of human eye using NIR laser...
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A VISION-BASED UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE NAVIGATION METHOD
PublicationThe satellite navigation systems are the main position sources for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This fact limits the area of UAVs operation to the places where radio signals is visible for a satellite navigation system receiver, mounted on the vehicle-outdoor navigation. Closed spaced are unavailable for vehicles which navigation is based on global satellite navigation systems (GNSS). Miniature UAV (MiniUAV) is able to operate...
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Pupil detection supported by Haar feature based cascade classifier for two-photon vision examinations
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to present a novel method, called Adaptive Edge Detection (AED), of extraction of precise pupil edge coordinates from eye image characterized by reflections of external illuminators and laser beams. The method is used for monitoring of pupil size and position during psychophysical tests of two-photon vision performed by dedicated optical set-up. Two-photon vision is a new phenomenon of perception of short-pulsed...
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The Influence of Camera and Optical System Parameters on the Uncertainty of Object Location Measurement in Vision Systems
PublicationThe article presents the influence of the camera and its optical system on the uncertainty of object position measurement in vision systems. The aim of the article is to present the methodology for estimating the combined standard uncertainty of measuring the object position with a vision camera treated as a measuring device. The identification of factors affecting the location measurement uncertainty and the determination of their...
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Metal nanoparticles-assisted early diagnosis of diseases
PublicationEarly diagnosis is essential for the effective illness treatment, but traditional diagnostic approaches inevitably have major downsides. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based biosensors have created new opportunities for accelerating diagnosis. High surface area, exceptional sensitivity, high specificity, and optical characteristics of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have made it possible to detect a variety of health conditions...
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Video Classification Technology in a Knowledge-Vision-Integration Platform for Personal Protective Equipment Detection: An Evaluation
PublicationThis work is part of an effort for the development of a Knowledge-Vision Integration Platform for Hazard Control (KVIP-HC) in industrial workplaces, adaptable to a wide range of industrial environments. This paper focuses on hazards resulted from the non-use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and examines a few supervised learning techniques to compose the proposed system for the purpose of recognition of three protective...
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Video Semantic Analysis Framework based on Run-time Production Rules - Towards Cognitive Vision
PublicationThis paper proposes a service-oriented architecture for video analysis which separates object detection from event recognition. Our aim is to introduce new tools to be considered in the pathway towards Cognitive Vision as a support for classical Computer Vision techniques that have been broadly used by the scientific community. In the article, we particularly focus in solving some of the reported scalability issues found in current...
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Pervaporation in food processing
PublicationThis chapter is about pervaporation in food processing
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Framework for Structural Health Monitoring of Steel Bridges by Computer Vision
PublicationThe monitoring of a structural condition of steel bridges is an important issue. Good condition of infrastructure facilities ensures the safety and economic well-being of society. At the same time, due to the continuous development, rising wealth of the society and socio-economic integration of countries, the number of infrastructural objects is growing. Therefore, there is a need to introduce an easy-to-use and relatively low-cost...
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Towards spectral sensitivity curve for two-photon vision mechanism
PublicationAbstract Purpose: The perceived brightness of different visible light sources can be compared with photometric units based on the standardized luminosity curves (300-780nm range). As reported previously (PNAS 111(50), pp. E5445-E5454 (2014)), near-infrared (NIR) radiation can cause isomerization of visual pigments by one- or two-photon absorption. The perceived color of the stimulus is red in the case of one-photon vision (1PV)...
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A Multi-Antenna Scheme for Early Detection and Mitigation of Intermediate GNSS Spoofing
PublicationThis article presents a method for detecting and mitigating intermediate GNSS spoofing. In this type of attack, at its early stage, a spoofer transmits counterfeit signals which have slight time offsets compared to true signals arriving from satellites. The anti-spoofing method proposed in this article fuses antenna array processing techniques with a multipath detection algorithm. The latter is necessary to separate highly correlated...
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2015. Motion analysis of a kitesurfer employing a vision-based measurement system
PublicationAbstract. Kitesurfing is a relatively new phenomenon with rising popularity worldwide – a recently developed extreme watersport considered a high-risk injury sport. It combines elements of several other sports, in particular, sailing, surfing, windsurfing, wakeboarding, and snowboarding. The main purpose of authors’ research in the present paper is to use a vision-based system for measuring a kitesurfer’s body movements in order...
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Contextual Knowledge to Enhance Workplace Hazard Recognition and Interpretation in a Cognitive Vision Platform
PublicationThe combination of vision and sensor data together with the resulting necessity for formal representations builds a central component of an autonomous Cyber Physical System for detection and tracking of laborers in workplaces environments. This system must be adaptable and perceive the environment as automatically as possible, performing in a variety of plants and scenes without the necessity of recoding the application for each...
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Computer vision techniques applied for reconstruction of seafloor 3D images from side scan and synthetic aperture sonars data
PublicationThe Side Scan Sonar and Synthetic Aperture Sonar are well known echo signal processing technologies that produce 2D images of the seafloor. Both systems combines a number of acoustic pings to form a high resolution image of seafloor. It was shown in numerous papers that 2D images acquired by such systems can be transformed into 3D models of seafloor surface by algorithmic approach using intensity information, contained in a grayscaled...
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An Analog Sub-Miliwatt CMOS Image Sensor With Pixel-Level Convolution Processing
PublicationA new approach to an analog ultra-low power medium-resolution vision chip design is presented. The prototype chip performs low-level image processing algorithms in real time. Only a photo-diode, MOS switches and two capacitors are used to create an analog processing element (APE) that is able to realize any convolution algorithm based on a full 3x3 kernel. The proof-of-concept circuit is implemented in 0.35 µm CMOS technology,...
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Detection and segmentation of moving vehicles and trains using Gaussian mixtures, shadow detection and morphological processing
PublicationSolution presented in this paper combines background modelling, shadow detection and morphological and temporal processing into one system responsible for detection and segmentation of moving objects recorded with a static camera. Vehicles and trains are detected based on their pixellevel difference from the continually updated background model utilizing a Gaussian mixture calculated separately for every pixel. The shadow detection...
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Networking and Familiness as Factors Stimulating the Early Internationalization of High-Tech Firms
PublicationThe problem of the role and importance of time in the process of firm’s internationalization belongs to the mainstream of international business research, as is the problem of the key role of high-tech firms operating across borders. The main goal of the paper is to understand how selected factors determine early internationalization of high-tech firms in Poland as an emerging market. The theoretical framework of the article is...
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Visual Content Learning in a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC)
PublicationThis work is part of an effort for the development of a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC) for applications in industrial workplaces, adaptable to a wide range of environments. The paper focuses on hazards resulted from the nonuse of personal protective equipment (PPE). Given the results of previous analysis of supervised techniques for the problem of classification of a few PPE (boots, hard hats, and gloves...
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Vision guided robot gripping systems
PublicationW rozdziale omawia się robotycki system wykorzystujący kamery streo. System taki zastępuje pracę człowieka przy przenoszeniu obiektów wielkowymiarowych (teoretycznie nieograniczonych) w przestrzeni trójwymiarowej. W rozważaniach uwzględniono pinholową kamerę (bezsoczewkową z bardzo małą aperturą/otworem) oraz prosty model zniekształcenia soczewkowego. Podano wartości poszczególnych parametrów. Zastosowano dwie konwencje notacyjne...
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Erosion of privacy in computer vision systems
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono problemy, które mogą wystąpić, gdy technologia komputerowego wzroku zostanie zaimplementowana w urządzeniach wykorzystywanych w codziennym życiu. Przeprowadzono także dyskusję socjologicznych konsekwencji stosowania biometrii, automatycznego śledzenia ruchu i interpretacji obrazu. Omówiono też problemy wynikające z połączenia komputerowego wzroku z możliwościami oferowanymi przez Internet.
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublicationContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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Remote sensing in laboratory diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements – current development and vision for the future
PublicationContinuous emergence of new concrete types and kinds of reinforcement, as well as technological solutions in the field of structural engineering have made great demand for diagnostic tests of reinforced concrete elements. New challenges and problems facing people require new more efficient tools for laboratory diagnostics than those commonly used. Remote sensing may be the answer to this demand. In this paper the author describes...
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3D Vision System for a Robotic Arm Based on Equal Baseline Camera Array
PublicationThis paper presents a lightweight 3D vision system called Equal Baseline Camera Array (EBCA). EBCA can work in different light conditions and it can be applied for measuring large range of distances. The system is a useful alternative to other known distance measuring devices such as structured-light 3D scanners, time-of-flight cameras, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) devices and structure from motion techniques. EBCA can be...
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Stereo vision with Equal Baseline Multiple Camera Set (EBMCS) for obtaining depth maps of plants
PublicationThis paper presents a method of improving the estimation of distances between an autonomous harvesting robot and plants with ripe fruits by using the vision system based on five cameras. The system is called Equal Baseline Multiple Camera Set (EBMCS). EBMCS has some features of a camera matrix and a camera array. EBMCS is regarded as a set of stereo cameras for estimating distances by obtaining disparity maps and depth maps. This...
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Towards Knowledge Formalization and Sharing in a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC)
PublicationHazards are present in all workplaces and can result in serious injuries, short and long-term illnesses, or death. In this context, management of safety is essential to ensure the occupational health of workers. Aiming to assist the safety manage-ment process, especially in industrial environments, a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC) has been proposed. The CVP-HC is a scalable yet adaptable system capable of...
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Numerical investigations on early indicators of fracture in concrete at meso-scale.
PublicationFracture is a major reason of the global failure of concretes. The understanding of fracture is important to ensure the safety of structures and to optimize the material behaviour. In particular an early prediction possibility of fracture in concretes is of major importance. In this paper, concrete fracture under bending was numerically analysed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The real mesoscopic structure of a concrete...
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Novel Fault Identification for Electromechanical Systems via Spectral Technique and Electrical Data Processing
PublicationIt is proposed, developed, investigated, and validated by experiments and modelling for the first time in worldwide terms new data processing technologies, higher order spectral multiple correlation technologies for fault identification for electromechanical systems via electrical data processing. Investigation of the higher order spectral triple correlation technology via modelling has shown that the proposed data processing technology...