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Search results for: black phosphorus electrodes
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Temperature distribution of supercapacitors prepared by various technologies
PublicationSupercapacitors, also known by different names such as electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or ultra-capacitors, are electrical storage devices still in development. These devices require fast and reliable methods of assessing their state-of-health. Thermographic imaging is a method which can be applied with this aim due to its popularity, and the high negative impact of overheating on a supercapacitor’s parameters. Moreover,...
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Zastosowanie techniki ściegu odpuszczającego do spawania mokrego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie techniki ściegu odpuszczającego do poprawy właściwości złączy ze stali konstrukcyjnych wykonywanych w warunkach mokrego spawania pod wodą. Scharakteryzowano spawanie mokre elektrodami otulonymi zmiany struktury i właściwości złączy spawanych przez nakładanie ściegów odpuszczających. Przedstawiono metodykę oraz wyniki badań metalograficznych i twardości próbek ze stali konstrukcyjnej o podwyższonej...
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Physics-guided neural networks (PGNNs) to solve differential equations for spatial analysis
PublicationNumerous examples of physically unjustified neural networks, despite satisfactory performance, generate contradictions with logic and lead to many inaccuracies in the final applications. One of the methods to justify the typical black-box model already at the training stage and lead to many inaccuracies in the final applications. One of the methods to justify the typical black-box model already at the training stage involves extending...
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Review of sewage sludge management: standards, regulations and analytical methods
PublicationThis article presents the most popular methods of sewage sludge management and associated unit operations and processes referring to them. The most popular methods are: Reclamation and adaptation of lands to specific needs; plant cultivation not intended for consumption or for production of food; usage in agriculture; usage in building; recovery of phosphorus, rare earth metals or fats and usage in industry; producing combustible...
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Functionalized azobenzocrown ethers as sensor materials—The synthesis and ion binding properties
PublicationNew 13- and 16-membered azobenzocrown ethers with aromatic amino, amide, ether–ester or ether–amide residue in para position to an azo moiety were obtained. Acid–base properties and ion binding ability of the colored compounds were studied by spectroscopic methods: UV–vis, fluorimetry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Selected azobenzocrowns were tested as ionophores in ion-selective membrane electrodes (ISEs) – classic and miniature all...
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9 - Solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells
PublicationIn this chapter, the fundamental reactions, the geometrical designs, the material requirements, and the status of SOFCs and SOECs are presented. In the following seven chapters, the most important components of an SOC are described and the chapter ends with a summary and outlook. The described components are: (i) oxygen-ion conductors (electrolyte), (ii) anode materials for SOFCs (cathode in SOEC mode), (iii) cathode materials...
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Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion
PublicationIn this work, a strategy for one-stage synthesis of polymer composites based on PNIPAAm hydrogel was presented. Both conductive particles in the form of conductive carbon black (cCB) and MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel particles were suspended in the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel. The MCO particles in the resulting hydrogel composite acted as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction. Morphological studies confirmed...
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HISTORY OF INITIAL ENERGY AND WATER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN QATAR
PublicationQatar: A country which had to be associated with neighboring countries like UAE or Saudi Arabia for people to know about it, stands proud today due to the ample production and exporting of Black Gold. A country with almost no vegetation or suitable weather to harvest crops, turned from being heavily dependent on trading Pearls to exporting natural oil and gas to all over the globe. The paper outlines in details the history of the...
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Evaluation and start-up of an electro-Fenton-sequencing batch reactor for dairy wastewater treatment
PublicationThis study examined the performance of an integrated wastewater (WW) treatment system, namely an electro-Fenton (EF)-sequencing batch reactor (SBR), for dairy industry WW. The EF process was used as the first stage of the SBR. It degrades bio-refractory compounds via advanced oxidation processes, thereby resulting in the formation of simple biodegradable intermediates. Several factors, including the hydraulic retention time (HRT),...
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Treatment of landfill leachate in a constructed free water surface wetland system over a decade – Identification of disturbance in process behaviour and removal of eutrophying substances and organic material
PublicationAn 8 ha free water surface wetland system in Örebro, Sweden, which has sediment traps followed by 10 ponds for treatment of landfill leachate in the methanogenic stage, was studied from 2003 to 2012. The wetland was irregularly loaded and the leachate characteristics showed high temporal and spatial variability, so Multivariate Statistical Process Control was chosen as the diagnostic tool for detecting anomalies prior to assessing...
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Stabilizing lactate production through repeated batch fermentation of food waste and waste activated sludge
PublicationBio-valorization of organic waste streams, such as food waste and waste activated sludge, to lactic acid (LA) has recently drawn much attention. It offers an opportunity for resource recovery, alleviates environmental issues and potentially turns a profit. In this study, both stable and high LA yield (0.72 ± 0.15 g/g total chemical oxygen demand) and productivity rate (0.53 g/L•h) were obtained through repeated batch fermentation....
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Adaptive stochastic and hybrid nonlinear optimization algorithms for improving the effectiveness of the biological processes at WWTP
PublicationWastewater treatment plays an important factor in the modern world. Insufficient treatment may result in environmental pollution which can further lead to disasters and diseases. However, processes that take place inside wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are highly complex in nature, therefore it is difficult to design an efficient, optimal control system. The problem regarding biochemical reactions inside Sequential Batch Reactor...
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-phosphorylated and O-phosphorylated tacrine derivatives as potential drugs against Alzheimer’s disease
PublicationIn this work, we designed, synthesised and biologically investigated a novel series of 14N- and O-phosphorylated tacrine derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents. In the reaction of 9-chlorotacrine and corresponding diamines/aminoalkylalcohol we obtained diamino and aminoalkylhydroxy tacrine derivatives. Next, the compounds were acid to give final products 6–13 and 16–21 that were characterised by 1H, 13 C, 31P...
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Chemometric Evaluation of WWTPs’ Wastewaters and Receiving Surface Waters in Bulgaria
PublicationWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) installations are designed and operated to reduce the quantity of pollutants emitted to surface waters receiving treated wastewaters. In this work, we used classical instrumental studies (to determine chemicals and parameters under obligations put with Directive 91/271/EEC), ecotoxicological tools (Sinapis alba root growth inhibition (SA-RG) and Heterocypris incongruens mortality (MORT) and growth...
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Badania spawalności stali S460N w środowisku wodnym z wykorzystaniem próby Tekken
PublicationSpawanie w środowisku wodnym niesie ze sobą wiele problemów, wśród których najważniejszym jest skłonność stali do powstawania pęknięć zimnych. O ile w przypadku spawania na powietrzu istnieje wiele metod zapobiegania tym pęknięciom, o tyle pod wodą zastosowanie tych metod jest ograniczone. Z tego powodu konieczne jest określenie skłonności danego materiału do pękania zimnego. W pracy oceniono spawalność drobnoziarnistej...
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AlP compound and P-doping for promotion of electrocatalytic activity of N-doped carbon derived from metal-organic framework
PublicationWater splitting plays a key role in future fuels, where two processes occur - the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from...
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COLD CRACKING OF S460N STEEL WELDED IN WATER ENVIRONMENT
PublicationThis paper shows results of weldability testing of fine-grained high -strength low- alloy S460N steel welded in water environment by covered electrodes. The tests were carried out by using the CTS test specimens with fillet welds. Four specimens were welded under water and one specimen in air. Welded joints were subjected to non-destructive visual and penetration tests. The accepted joints were then subjected to macroscopic and...
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Polypyrrole based gas sensor for ammonia detection
PublicationThe nature of polypyrrole response to toxic gases does not allow using the sensor in a conventional way. The main aim of this study is to acquire the information about the concentration using different approaches: a linear approximation, a non-linear approximation and a tangent method. In this paper a two-steps procedure for sensor response measurements has been utilized. Polypyrrole films were electrochemically synthesized on...
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Determination of time delay between ventricles contraction using impedance measurements
PublicationThe paper presents a novel approach to assessment of ventricular dyssynchrony basing on multichannel electrical impedance measurements. Using a proper placement of electrodes, the sensitivity approach allows estimating time difference between chambers contraction from over determined nonlinear system of equations. The theoretical considerations which include Finite Element Method simulations were verified using measurements on...
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Characterization of various drinking waters by new potentiometric taste sensor with lipid, lipid-like polymer membranes
PublicationA new sensing system comprising five all-solid-state electrodes with lipid, lipid like-polymer membranes was applied for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of various drinking waters. The results elaborated by chemometric methods revealed sensitivity to CO2 content in drinking water, suggesting that this sensing system could be used as a taste sensor. The ability of taste sensor to perform quantitative analysis of minerals...
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Underwater Wet Repair Welding of API 5L X65M Pipeline Steel
PublicationThis paper presents results of the research of effect of polymer insulation of pipeline made of API 5L X65M steel as well as underwater wet welding parameters on properties of joints made by covered electrodes. Effect of heat input on structure and hardness of joints during repair of underwater pipeline was analyzed. Welding defects like microcracks, micro-lacks of fusion, slag inclusions, as well as HAZ hardness increase over...
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Weldability of S500MC Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublicationWet welding with the use of covered electrodes is one of the methods of underwater welding. This method is the oldest, the most economic and the most versatile. The main difficulties during underwater wet welding are: high cooling rates of the joint, the presence of hydrogen in the arc area and formation of hard martensitic structure in the weld. These phenomena are often accompanied by porosity of welds and large number of spatters,...
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Microbial fuel cell applications for removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants: A review
PublicationBioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are considered as the potential approaches to remediate the environments contaminated by hydrocarbons. This review addresses the application of BESs particularly microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, including BTEXs, from soil, water, wastewater and sediments. Details on reactor design and critical issues are discussed. Aspects on electrodes, redox mediators and...
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Wytwarzanie i modyfikacja powierzchni porowatych struktur tytanowych przeznaczonych na implanty
PublicationCelem pracy było wytworzenie stopu Ti-13Nb-13Zr z wykorzystaniem technologii selektywnego topienia laserowego (SLM) oraz jego biofunkcjonalizacja za pomocą utleniania mikrołukowego (MAO), a następnie określenie wpływu parametrów procesowych na właściwości otrzymanych materiałów pod kątem ich zastosowania na implanty. Oceniono wpływ napięcia, natężenia i czasu procesu MAO przeprowadzanego w elektrolicie zawierającym wapń i fosfor...
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the boron-dopied diamond surfaces
Open Research DataThe dataset contains the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), revealing the surface morphology of diamond electrodes on different substrates. The diamond surface is characterized by an aggregation of crystals that do not form a continuous layer.
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the boron-dopied diamond surfaces
Open Research DataThe dataset contains the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), revealing the surface morphology of diamond electrodes on silicon substrates. The diamond surface is characterized by ultra-crystalline diamonds obtained by CVD synthesis.
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SILICA AEROGEL TOWARDS ANODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
PublicationAn increasing demand for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices stimulates progress in research on electrode and electrolyte materials. In the field of electrodes materials, silicon is the one of the most promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However silicon has the drastic volume variation (around 3 times lower on extraction) during insertion and extraction of lithium ions. As an alternative, nanocomposites...
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Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW
PublicationWet welding with covered electrodes (Shielded Metal Arc Welding – SMAW) is the most commonly used method of carrying out welding repair works in a water environment. Limited visibility and the inability to move freely under water result in an increased risk of formation of welding imperfections such as lack of fusion, lack of penetration and arc strikes. The work focused on changes in the properties and structure of steel subjected...
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Multi-pathway mechanism of polydopamine film formation at vertically aligned diamondised boron-doped carbon nanowalls
PublicationBoron-doped carbon nanowall (B:CNW) electrodes were used as a platform for studying the electropolymerisation of dopamine. Due to the unique properties of B:CNW, including the fast charge-transfer kinetics and high surface conductivity, a high degree of reversibility of redox reactions was achieved. Three separated redox peaks were observed on voltammograms and attributed to three fundamental reactions in the dopamine polymerisation...
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Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS method for the determination of biogenic amines in wines and beers
PublicationBiogenic amines are group of organic, basic, nitrogenous compounds that naturally occur in plant, microorganism, and animal organisms. Biogenic amines are mainly produced through decarboxylation of amino acids. They are formed during manufacturing of some kind of food and beverages such as cheese, wine, or beer. Histamine, cadaverine, agmatine, tyramine, putrescine, and b-phenylethylamine are the most common biogenic amines found...
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Comment on "Measurements without probabilities in the final state proposal"
PublicationThe final state proposal [G.T. Horowitz and J.M. Maldacena, J. High Energy Phys.2004(2),8 (2004)] is an attempt to relax the apparent tension betweenstring theory and semiclassicalarguments regarding the unitarity of black hole evaporation. The authors of [R. Bousso and D.Stanford, Phys. Rev. D89, 044038 (2014)] analyze thought experiments where an infalling observerfirst verifies the entanglement between early and late Hawking...
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An automatic selection of optimal recurrent neural network architecture for processes dynamics modelling purposes
PublicationA problem related to the development of algorithms designed to find the structure of artificial neural network used for behavioural (black-box) modelling of selected dynamic processes has been addressed in this paper. The research has included four original proposals of algorithms dedicated to neural network architecture search. Algorithms have been based on well-known optimisation techniques such as evolutionary algorithms and...
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Temper bead welding of S420G2+M steel in water environment
PublicationThe article presents the idea of the use of Temper Bead Welding (TBW) technique to improve the weldability of high strength steel at underwater wet welding conditions. Wet welding method with the use of covered electrodes is described. This work shows results of metallographic examinations and hardness measurements of samples of S420G2+M steel with weld beads performed under water. It has been shown that Temper Bead Welding technique...
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The Influence of Titania Electrode Modification with Lanthanide Ions Containing Thin Layer on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
PublicationThe lanthanide and scandium groups ions (except Pm and Ac) have been used as dopants of TiO2 film in dye-sensitized solar cells. The X-ray diffraction spectra show that the modification has no influence on the structure of the electrode; however, the diffuse reflectance UV-Vis measurements exhibit significant changes in the electronic properties of modified electrodes. The appearance of energy barrier preventing photoexcited electron...
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Chromogenic macrocyclic derivatives of azoles - synthesis and properties,
PublicationNew azocrown ethers comprising imidazoles in the macrocycle have been synthesized. Imidazole, 2-methyl-, 4-methyl-, and 4-phenylimidazole were incorporated to form macrocyclic units by coupling with the appropriate bis-diazonium salts. The syntheseswere performed under high dilution conditions. The X-ray structure of a water adduct of the 21-membered crown ether derivative of 4-methylimidazole 8 has been solved. Metal...
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Azomacrocyclic derivatives of imidazole: synthesis, structure, and metal ion complexation properties
PublicationNew azocrown ethers comprising imidazoles in the macrocycle have been synthesized. Imidazole, 2-methyl-, 4-methyl-, and 4-phenylimidazole were incorporated to form macrocyclic units by coupling with the appropriate bis-diazonium salts. The syntheseswere performed under high dilution conditions. The X-ray structure of a water adduct of the 21-membered crown ether derivative of 4-methylimidazole 8 has been solved. Metal...
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NANOCRYSTALLINE CATHODES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS MADE OF NOBLE METALS
PublicationCathodes for solid oxide fuel cells prepared by the infiltration method at 600 °C are presented. The infiltration method allows to produce stable, nanostructured electrodes. Cathodes were prepared using gold, platinum, La2NiO4+δ (L2N) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 δ (LSCF). Symmetrical cathode/electrolyte/cathode samples were prepared and examined with SEM microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Despite successful deposition...
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Evaluation of the influence of grapevine growing conditions on wine quality
PublicationScientists are increasingly interested in the viticulture concept of terroir, which states that unique properties of wine are strictly related to the environmental conditions under which grapes are cultivated. The aim of the research was to compare the parameters characterizing wines produced in Poland, such as pH, conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and concentration of anions (F−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−, SO42−). It was...
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Caffeine detection using CB-PLA electrode after Nd:YAG laser ablation in He atmosphere
Open Research DataThe dataset contains electrochemical studies in form of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of laser-activated 3D printed CB-PLA electrodes. The ablation of the 3D-printed CB-PLA electrodes was carried out using a pulsed LaserBlast 500 Nd:YAG laser (Quantel, France) operating at 1064 nm and a 6 ns pulse duration.
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Partial PLA composite surface activation by femtosecond laser ablation
Open Research DataThe dataset contains the studies on electrochemical activity of PLA composite (commercially available CB-PLA Protopasta), which was 3D printed in a form of 1x1cm electrodes. The electrodes were submitted to femtosecond laser ablation operating with different parameters. These were: gas atmosphere (He or air, data in different subfolders), the percentage...
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Zastosowanie metody galwanostatycznej do wyznaczania błędu fazy elektrod woltamperometrycznych
PublicationW pracy przeanalizowano właściwości metrologiczne elektrod woltamperometrycznych w dziedzinie częstotliwości. Wykazano, że w przypadku, gdy reakcja elektrochemiczna kontrolowana jest procesem transportu jonów, elektroda woltamperometryczna zachowuje się tak jak przetwornik pomiarowy I rzędu. Jej właściwości metrologiczne opisane są przez czułość, częstotliwość graniczną, błąd amplitudy i błąd fazy. Przeprowadzona analiza pokazała,...
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Properties of Nasicon-based CO2 sensors with Bi8Nb2O17 reference electrode
PublicationPotentiometric CO2 sensors based on Nasicon (Na+ conductor, Na3Zr2Si2PO12) electrolyte, Bi8Nb2O17/Pt reference electrode and different sensing electrodes have been prepared. Besides the sensing electrode material, sensors differ from each other in the reference electrode preparation technique. The main aim of this study is to investigate sensor construction and electrode fabrication process influence on sensor properties. The optimal...
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Influence of titanium layer on counter electrode on electrical parameters of DSSC
PublicationIn this paper the influence of the Ti layer thickness at counter-electrode on electrical parameters of DSSCs was examined. The transparent conductive oxide – less (TCO-less) counter electrodes (CE) with titanium layers and platinum as catalyst on Bk7 glass were prepared. Thin metallic films were deposited by means of magnetron sputtering (titanium) and Pulsed Laser Deposition (platinum). The counter electrode with Pt layer on Fluorine...
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Cation sensing by diphenyl-azobenzocrowns
PublicationMetal cations complexation and proton binding by 13- and 16-membered diphenyl-azobenzocrowns and diphenyl-hydroxyazobenzocrowns were studied in acetonitrile using spectroscopic methods: UV–vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Phenyl moieties in benzene rings were found to affect binding strength alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and hydrogen ion, and affect tautomeric equilibrium of hydroxyazobenzocrowns....
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Oxygen biosensor based on carbon nanotubes directly grown on graphitic substrate
PublicationFilms of carbon nanotubes were synthesized on the graphitic substrates by CVD method in the presence of catalyst. Two different catalysts were used, that is nickel and iron, supported on graphitic substrates. The as-obtained nanotubes were analyzed by SEM imaging with EDX and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed their multi-walled morphology. Free radical reaction was carried out in order to chemically functionalize synthesized...
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A detector of sleep disorders for using at home
PublicationObstructive sleep apnea usually requires all-ni ght examination in a specialized clinic, under the supervision of a medical staff. Because of those requirements it is an expensive and a non-widely utilized test. Moving the examination procedure to patients’ home with automatic analysis algorithms involved will decrease the costs and make it available for larger group of patients. The developed device allows all-night recordings...
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Calix[4]arene-Thioamides as Ionophores for Transition and Heavy Metal cations
PublicationCalix[4]arene derivatives play an important role as sensing materials in Ion Selective Electrodes(ISEs). Nowadays a high impact is put to control in natural waters the level of toxic heavy metals, like Pb ,Cd, Hg or Cu which may cause the great risk to human health. Our goal was to design and to synthesize ligands possessing ability to bind transition and heavy metal cations. The synthesis, crystal structures,extractive and ionophoric...
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Pumping effect measured by PIV method in multi-layer spike electrode EHD device for air cleaning
PublicationDust particles can be harmful for human health when inhaled. Especially dangerous are submicron dust particles, which can contain traces of toxic elements and can easily penetrate into human respiratory system. Thus, new devices for air cleaning are needed. In this work the flow velocity field patterns measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method in an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) device for air cleaning are presented. The...
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Electrochemical detection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gold electrode modified with DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH - Antimicrobial peptide conjugate
PublicationThis work describes fabrication of gold electrodes modified with peptide conjugate DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH that enables ultra-sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from the reference strain of Escherichia coli O26:B6. The initial step of the established procedure implies immobilization of the fully protected DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH peptide on the surface of the gold electrode previously modified by cysteamine. Then side...
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Gamma oscillations precede interictal epileptiform spikes in the seizure onset zone
PublicationOBJECTIVE: To investigate the generation, spectral characteristics, and potential clinical significance of brain activity preceding interictal epileptiform spike discharges (IEDs) recorded with intracranial EEG. METHODS: Seventeen adult patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy were implanted with intracranial electrodes as part of their evaluation for epilepsy surgery. IEDs detected on clinical macro- and research microelectrodes...