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Search results for: GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
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Phenomenon of hydraulic jump formed on liquid layer by single-phase impinging liquid jet
PublicationPrzedstawiono analizę teoretyczną zjawiska uskoku hydraulicznego tworzonego przez uderzającą strugę. rezultaty analizy teoretycznej porównano z wynikami badań eksperymentalnych.
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Signal filtering method of the fast-varying diesel exhaust gas temperature
PublicationThe paper presents the problem of the impact of external distortions originating on laboratory test stands on the results of measurements of fast-varying diesel exhaust gas temperature. It has been stressed how significant the aspect of the test stand adaptation is during an experiment to ensure the smallest possible impact. This paper, however, focuses on the methods of mathematical processing of a signal recorded during experimental...
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Model of a telecommunication system for monitoring gas leaks from gas pipelines
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Standing Waves and Acoustic Heating (or Cooling) in Resonators Filled with Chemically Reacting Gas
PublicationStanding waves and acoustic heating in a one-dimensional resonator filled with chemically reacting gas, is the subject of investigation. The chemical reaction of A ! B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Governing equations for the sound and entropy mode which is generated in the field of sound are derived by use of a special mathematical method. Under some conditions, sound waves propagating in opposite...
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Nickel Oxide Thin Film Sensor for Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing of Formaldehyde
PublicationNanocrystalline nickel-oxide-based thin films were prepared by advanced reactive gas deposition, and the response of these films to formaldehyde was studied by fluctuationenhanced sensing. Morphological and structural analyses showed porous deposits of nickel oxide particles with face-centered cubic structure. Resistance fluctuations were measured upon exposure to ethanol, formaldehyde and methane at 200 °C. Power density spectra...
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Cooperation of ORC installation with a gas boiler as a perspective co-generation system for households
PublicationThis paper reports tests of an innovative micro-CHP unit prototype, consisting of a traditional gas boiler and organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which incorporates original system components such as an axial vapour microturbine, evaporator and condenser. The system co-generates heat and electricity for a single household or a group of households. Electricity is only a by-product during production of heat. While testing the prototype,...
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Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of ZNTPP in a room temperature ionic liquid
PublicationThe steady-state absorption and emission spectra and the time-resolved Soret- and Q-band excited fluorescence profiles of the model metalloporphyrin, ZnTPP, have been measured in a highly purified sample of the common room temperature ionic liquid, [bmim][PF(6)]. S(2)-S(0) emission resulting from Soret-band excitation behaves in a manner completely consistent with that of molecular solvents of the same polarizability. The ionic...
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Identification of dynamic parameters in the context of diagnostics of steel tank with different level of liquid.
PublicationThe paper presents an experimental study to identify the dynamic parameters of a water-filled tank model. The experimental modal analysis approach involving the excitation at one point of the structure and acquisition of vibra tions at selected points distri buted over the tank surface allowed to determine the resonance frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. The main aim of the research was to examine the influence of...
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Liquid Crystals, PIV and IR-Photography in Selected Technical and Biomedical Applications
PublicationThermochromic liquid crystals (TLC), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Infrared Imaging Themography (IR) and True-Colour Digital Image Processing (TDIP) have been successfully used in non-intrusive technical, industrial and biomedical studies and applications. These four tools (based on the desktop computers) have come together during the past two decades to produce a powerful advanced...
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On design and analysis of flow characteristics of the last stage of gas-steam turbine
PublicationResearch regarding blade design and analysis of flow have been conducted for over a century. Meanwhile new concepts and design approaches were created and improved. Advancements in information technologies allowed to introduce computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational flow mechanics (CFM). Currently a combination of mentioned methods is used for design of turbine blades. These methods enabled us to improve flow efficiency...
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The Application of Fluidic Sealing in Shrouded Gas Turbine Blades
PublicationThis paper presents a study conducted on a new gas turbine designed to limit leakage in the labyrinth seal. The slots in the fin are used to generate a bypass flow, which obstructs the flow in the gap above the fin. The method was tested numerically and experimentally beforehand using a simplified model without rotation or blade passages. In this paper, the validation of the method using a model of a turbine stage is shown. Reynolds-averaged...
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Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems
PublicationThe use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating...
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Liquid crystals for information processing.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono właściwości ciekłych kryształów, zastosowania tych materiałów w akwizycji, przetwarzaniu i przesyłaniu informacji. Omówiono urządzenia i systemy wisualizacji informacji wykorzystujące ciekłe kryształy. Zaprezentowano zastosowania elemetów ciekłokrystalicznych w urządzeniach pamięci optycznej.
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Techniques of acquiring additional features of the responses of individual gas sensors
PublicationGas sensors usually exhibit lack of selectivity, require fre quent calibration, exhibit drift of the response and a lot of factors, such as humidity or ambient temperature, influen ce their performance. Different approaches can be used to overcome this shortcomings. Building arrays of different sensors and usage of pattern recognition methods to analyze responses of elements...
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Bifurcation of equilibrium forms of a gas column rotating with constant speed around its axis of symmetry
PublicationWe will be concerned with the problem of deformation of the lateral surface of a column that rotates with constant speed around its axis of symmetry. The column is filled by a gas and our goal is to investigate the deformation of the lateral surface depending on the pressure of the gas.
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Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing with Organically Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Gas Sensors Targeting Biomedical Applications
PublicationDetection of volatile organic compounds is a useful approach to non-invasive diagnosis of diseases through breath analysis. Our experimental study presents a newly developed prototype gas sensor, based on organically-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and results on formaldehyde detection using fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing. Formaldehyde was easily detected via intense fluctuations of the gas sensor’s resistance, while the cross-influence...
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UV Light-Modulated Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Layers of Graphene Flakes/TiO2 Nanoparticles
PublicationWe present experimental results of fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by low-cost resistive sensors made of a mixture of graphene flakes and TiO2 nanoparticles. Both components are photocatalytic and activated by UV light. Two UV LEDs of different wavelengths (362 and 394 nm) were applied to modulate the gas sensing of the layers. Resistance noise was recorded at low frequencies, between 8 Hz and 10 kHz. The sensors’ response was...
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Experimental investigation of domestic micro-CHP based on the gas boiler fitted with ORC module
PublicationThe results of investigations conducted on the prototype of vapour driven micro-CHP unit integrated with a gas boiler are presented. The system enables cogeneration of heat and electric energy to cover the energy demand of household. The idea of such system is to produce electricity for own demand or for selling it to the electric grid – in such situation the system user will became the prosumer. A typical commercial gas boiler,...
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Polyether-block-amide PEBA membranes for gas separation and pervaporation; current design and applications
PublicationPolyether-block-amide (PEBA) membranes have attracted considerable attention for their exceptional efficacy in gas separation and pervaporation processes. This comprehensive review delves into the precise definition, distinguishing characteristics, and diverse applications of PEBA membranes over the past five years. A primary research objective focuses on enhancing gas separation efficiency, primarily through augmenting membrane...
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Borrelia burgdorferi BmpA-BBK32 and BmpA-BBA64: New Recombinant Chimeric Proteins with Potential Diagnostic Value
PublicationCurrently, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is based mostly on two-tiered serologic testing. In the new generation of immunoenzymatic assays, antigens comprise whole-cell lysates of members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) species complex, with the addition of selected recombinant proteins. Due to the high diversity of members of the B. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies and the low degree of conservation among the amino acid...
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Impact and stretching standardized tests as useful tools for assessment of viscoelastic behavior for highly rubberized asphalt binder
PublicationAsphalt binder is generally identified as a brittle material at low service temperature or under high-speed load, and the brittleness becomes serious after weathering aging. Improving the toughness of asphalt binder through adding high-content of crumb tire rubber is an efficient method to solve this problem. Devulcanized rubber modified asphalt binder (DRMA) with different contents (15–40%) of devulcanized rubber (DR) were prepared...
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Homoisocitrate dehydrogenase from Candida albicans: properties, inhibition, and targeting by an antifungal pro-drug
PublicationThe LYS12 gene from Candida albicans, coding for homoisocitrate dehydrogenase was cloned and expressed as a His-tagged protein in Escherichia coli. The purified gene product catalyzes the Mg2+- and K+-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of homoisocitrate to alpha-ketoadipate. The recombinant enzyme demonstrates strict specificity for homoisocitrate. SDS-PAGE of CaHIcDH revealed its molecular mass of 42.6±1 kDa, while in size-exclusion...
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Waterborne polyesters partially based on renewable resources
PublicationA new experimental approach for preparing biobased, water-soluble polyesters via titanium(IV) n-butoxide-catalyzed bulk polycondensation is presented. In the described method polymers were obtained from isosorbide, maleic anhydride and poly(ethylene glycol). The chemical structure of the synthesized polyesters was confirmed using 2D NMR spectroscopy and by titration methods. Careful analysis of 2D NMR spectra viz. Correlation Spectra...
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A comprehensive review on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a potential source of nutraceuticals for food formulations: Towards the polishing of gingerol and other present biomolecules
PublicationCurrently, ginger is one the most consumed plants when dealing with the treatments of various illnesses. So far, it is known that various biologically active molecules, such as gingerols, shogaols and zingerone, among others, are the main responsible for specific biological activities, opening a new window for its utilization as a nutraceutical in foods. In pioneering extraction processes, solvent extraction has been initially...
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Highly sensitive microwave sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator for sensing liquid materials
PublicationThis paper presents high-sensitivity sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator and modified open complementary split-ring resonator operating at 4.5 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The sensors are designed for the detection of multiple liquid materials, including distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The liquid under test is filled in a glass container loaded using a pipette. Compared to the conventional...
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Enhanced gas sensing by graphene-silicon Schottky diodes under UV irradiation
PublicationThe effect of ultraviolet (UV) or blue irradiation on graphene/n-doped silicon Schottky junctions toward gas sensing was investigated. Schottky diodes were subjected to oxidizing nitrogen dioxide (NO2, 1–3 ppm) and reducing tetrahydrofuran (THF, 50–200 ppm), showing significantly different responses observed on the currentvoltage (I-V) characteristics, especially under UV light (275 nm). NO2 affected the resistive part of the forward region...
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Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods
PublicationHigh precision and fast measurement of gas concentrations is important for both understanding and monitoring various phenomena, from industrial and environmental to medical and scientific applications. This article deals with the recent progress in ammonia detection using in-situ solid-state and optical methods. Due to the continuous progress in material engineering and optoelectronic technologies, these methods are among the most...
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Nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes by low-frequency sound in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublicationTwo dynamic equations referring to a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas in which molecular vibrational relaxation takes place. are derived. The first one governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode, and the second one describes variations in vibrational energy. Both quantities refer to non-wave types of gas motion. These variations are caused by the nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy into...
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Standard gas mixtures- indispensable reference materials in the analysis of gaseous media
PublicationIn recent years the need for the quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results has been particularly strongly emphasised. Certified reference materials play an invaluable role in this process. The article characterises the basic types of reference materials, focusing in particular on those in the gaseous state. It also reviews the literature on the techniques of preparing standard gas mixtures over the last ten...
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Standard gas mixtures- indispensable reference materials in the analysis of gaseous media
PublicationIn recent years the need for the quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results has been particularly strongly emphasised. Certified reference materials play an invaluable role in this process. The article characterises the basic types of reference materials, focusing in particular on those in the gaseous state. It also reviews the literature on the techniques of preparing standard gas mixtures over the last ten...
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Experimental and theoretical studies on the Sulfamethazine-Urea and Sulfamethizole-Urea solid-liquid equilibria
PublicationThe miscibility of active pharmaceutical ingredients with excipients is an important aspect in pharmaceutical technology protocols. In this study, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for Sulfamethazine-Urea (SI–U) and Sulfamethizole-Urea (SO–U) solid-liquid phase diagrams determination. Both sulfonamides form simple binary eutectics with Urea. The lack of new co-crystal phase formation was confirmed by inspection...
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Compressible gas density measurement by means of Fourier analysis of interferograms
PublicationThis paper describes a method for nonintrusive compressible gas density measurement by means of automated analysis of interferograms using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), and its implementation using DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform), that does make this measurement technique a fairly valuable and accessible experimental method. The presented approach makes it possible to use the finite fringe setting of the interferometer, thus reducing...
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Investigation of the temperature modulation parameters on semiconductor gas sensor response
PublicationIn this work we present the results of the investigation of the sensing properties of semiconductor gas sensors with a sinusoidally modulated temperature in the presence of synthetic air (SA) and three volatile air pollutants, i.e. NH3, NO2 and SO2. The measurements were performed for different average sensor heater temperatures and the amplitude of the modulation signal. In addition, the extraction of features from the sensor...
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TiO2 and Reducing Gas: Intricate Relationships to Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets
PublicationIn response to the imperative for sustainable iron production with reduced CO2 emissions, this study delves into the intricate role of TiO2 in the direct reduction of iron oxide pellets. The TiO2-dependent reducibility of iron oxide pellets utilizing H2 and CO gas across varied temperatures and gas compositions is thoroughly investigated. Our findings unveil the nuanced nature of the TiO2 effect, underscored by its concentration-dependent...
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Application analysis of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system for marine power plants
PublicationThe results of theoretical studies of the possibilities of using hybrid solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC-GT) systems for marine power plants are presented. A 500 kW auxiliary marine power plant scheme using stacks of SOFCs in combination with a regenerative gas turbine operating with over-expansion based on our recent patent application is proposed. The results of mathematical modelling showed the opportunity to obtain a...
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Theoretical investigation of the structural insights of the interactions of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle with (EMIM TFSI) ionic liquid
PublicationOne of the possible applications of ionic liquids is to produce electricity from heat. The iron oxide nanoparticle is a potent electrical particle, which is expected to improve the heat’s efficiency to electricity conversion, however, it is prone to aggregation and sedimentation, which hamper its application. One of the methods to enhance the nanoparticle’s solubility and electrical properties is the use of a stabilizing component...
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A New Approach to Generation of Standard Gas Mixtures used in the Calibration of Gas Analysers
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Unusual Influence of Fluorinated Anions on the Stretching Vibrations of Liquid Water
PublicationInfrared (IR) spectroscopy is a commonly used and invaluable tool in the studies of solvation phenomena in aqueous solutions. Concurrently, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations deliver the solvation shell picture at a molecular detail level and allow for a consistent decomposition of the theoretical IR spectrum into underlying spatial correlations. Here, we demonstrate how the novel spectral decomposition techniques...
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Study of the influence of thermal factors on the welding process of polyethylene gas pipelines,
PublicationA one-dimensional calculation scheme is proposed with the help of which it is possible to determine and set the technological parameters with the accuracy to be realized in production conditions: the temperature of the heating element and the heating time, which allows maximum mechanization of the technological operations of polyethylene gas pipelines welding. The numerical value of the coefficient of temperature for polyethylene...
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Identification of damages in the inlet air duct of a diesel engine based on exhaust gas temperature measurements
PublicationThe temperature of the exhaust gas of a diesel piston engine, measured in the characteristic control sections of its thermo-flow system, can be a valuable source of diagnostic information about the technical condition of the elements limiting the working spaces thus separated, including the turbocharging system, but also its fuel supply system and replacement of the medium. In standard marine engine measurement systems equipped...
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Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix
PublicationThis article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted...
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DETERMINING THE TIME CONSTANT USING TWO METHODS AND DEFINING THE THERMOCOUPLE RESPONSE TO SINE EXCITATION OF GAS TEMPERATURE
PublicationThis paper describes the two methods of determining the time constant of type K thermocouple, for two construction solutions: the exposed weld and the mantle fillet weld. This is an important parameter indicating the response time of the thermocouple on the recorded signal. The first method consists of determining the value of τ in the way of numerical simulation of heat exchange between the thermocouple and the current of gas...
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Instantaneous Heating and Cooling Caused by Periodic or Aperiodic Sound of Any Characteristic Duration in a Gas with Vibrational Relaxation
PublicationThermodynamic relaxation of internal degrees of a molecule's freedom in a gas occurs with some characteristic time. This makes wave processes in a gas behave differently depending on the ratio of characteristic duration of perturbations and the relaxation time. In particular, generation of the secondary non-wave modes by intense sound in a nonlinear flow dependens on frequency. These kinds of interaction are considered in this...
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Method of managing drill cuttings from shale gas formations
PublicationProposed management method of drill cuttings involves recycling for the expanded clay production. A theoretical presentation of the possibility, choosing planning path based on similarity between the materials used in the manufacture of expanded clay and oily cuttings. Application for the main stages of manufacture of expanded clay production of drill cuttings from shale gas extraction. Introduced into circulation solid waste partly...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostics of turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Part I. Standard measurements.
PublicationThe article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard...
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EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF TURBOCHARGED MARINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES PART II DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS
PublicationThe second part of the article describes the technology of marine engine diagnostics making use of dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. Little-known achievements of Prof. S. Rutkowski of the Naval College in Gdynia (now: Polish Naval Academy) in this area are presented. A novel approach is proposed which consists in the use of the measured exhaust gas temperature dynamics for qualitative and quantitative assessment...
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From flow to jamming: Lattice Gas Automaton simulations in granular materials
PublicationWe introduce the first extension of a Lattice Gas Automaton (LGA) model to accurately replicate observed emergent phenomena in granular materials with a special focus on previously unexplored jamming transitions by incorporating gravitational effects, energy dissipation in particle collisions, and wall friction. We successfully reproduce flow rate evolution, density wave formation, and jamming transition observed in experiments....
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Fluctuation-enhanced and conductometric gas sensing with nanocrystalline NiO thin films: A comparison
PublicationNanocrystalline thin films of NiO were prepared by advanced reactive gas deposition, and their responses to formaldehyde, ethanol and methane gases were studied via fluctuation-enhanced and conductometric methods Thin films with thicknesses in the 200–1700-nm range were investigated in as-deposited form and after annealing at 400 and 500 °C. Morphological and structural analyses showed porous deposits with NiO nanocrystals having...
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LIQUID CRYSTALS
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Fluctuation enhanced gas sensing using UV irradiated Au-nanoparticle-decorated WO3-nanowire films
PublicationWO3 nanowires (WO3-NWs) decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were utilized in resistive gas sensor devices to detect ethanol by use of fluctuation enhanced sensing (FES). The experimental system records both DC resistance and fluctuations of the sensing film. Our data verify that the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensor are improved by applying FES when the sensor is stimulated with a combination of UV light and heating....