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Search results for: electric energy
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Piotr Kołodziejek dr inż.
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Strategies for Achieving Energy Neutrality in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems – a Case Study of the Slupsk WWTP (northern Poland)
PublicationThe paper presents a model-based evaluation of technological upgrades on the energy and cost balance in a large biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Slupsk (northern Poland). The proposed upgrades include chemically enhanced primary sludge removal and reduction of the nitrogen load in the deammonification process employed for reject water treatment. Simulations enabled to estimate the increased...
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Strategies for achieving energy neutrality in biological nutrient removal systems - a case study of the Slupsk WWTP (northern Poland)
PublicationThe paper presents a model-based evaluation of technological upgrades on the energy and cost balance in a large biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Slupsk (northern Poland). The proposed upgrades include chemically enhanced primary sludge removal and reduction of the nitrogen load in the deammonification process employed for reject water treatment. Simulations enabled to estimate the increased...
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Hybrid energy storage forelectric multiple units to operate at the partially electrified line Gdynia -Hel
PublicationThe article presents calculations enabling the selection of an on-board energy storage device to replace diesel-powered trains with modern storage multiple units on the example railway line Gdynia Główna -Hel. The pioneering and currently used storage electric multiple units, mainly in Europe, were presented. The condensed results of the inventory of the line in question, including the technical condition...
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A PROPOSAL OF A DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF DIESEL-ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
PublicationThe paper presents a proposal of a description of the operating conditions of diesel-electric locomotives. The proposal is a result of the operational experience and the analysis of the locomotive operation. It constitutes a significant simplification in relation to the descriptions currently used by domestic carriers. The paper also presents examples of analyses of the operating conditions of locomotives using the proposed method.
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Electric motor drive with inverter output filter
PublicationPrzedstawiono zagadnienie sterowania i estymacji w układzie napędowym z silnikiem indukcyjnym i filtrem sinusoidalnym.Filtr użyty jest do wygładzenia prądu i napięcia silnika. Filtr wprowadza spadek napięcia i przesunięcie fazowe prądów i napięć uniemożliwiające stosowane bezczujnikowych metod sterowania wektorowego. Rozwiązaniem jest uwzględnienie filtru w sterowaniu i estymacji. Artykuł pokazuje takie rozwiązanie dla metody sterowania...
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Segmentation of Passenger Electric Cars Market in Poland
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Microscopic calculation of the static electric susceptibility of polyethylene
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Possibility of Fault Detection in Sensorless Electric Drives
PublicationThe work presents a fault detection method for an induction motor drive system with inverter output filter. This approach make use of a load torque state observer, which complete structure is presented along with the used control structure. Moreover, the demonstrated drive system operates without rotor speed measurement in conjunction with the multiscalar control. The verification of the demonstrated idea was performed on an experimental...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(zwitterionic) Structures for Energy Conversion and Storage
PublicationZwitterions are unique class of molecules that possess two functional groups bearing electric charges, one positive and second negative. This setup results in peculiar properties such as high water retention and anti-fouling capability. Therefore, zwitterionic coatings and gels are commonly applied in e.g. biosensing and bioelectronic devices. Despite those applications, there are other perspectives for zwitterionic materials....
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Immittance Studies of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 Ceramics
PublicationResults of studies focusing on the electric behavior of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) ceramics are reported. BFTO ceramics were fabricated by solid state reaction methods. The simple oxides Bi2O3, TiO2, and Fe2O3 were used as starting materials. Immittance spectroscopy was chosen as a method to characterize electric and dielectric properties of polycrystalline ceramics. The experimental data were measured in the frequency range D = (101–107)...
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Perturbation analysis of electric field around objects in sea water
PublicationThe paper presents an analytical approach to the perturbation analysis of electric field distribution caused by a sphere and an ellipsoid placed in a uniform electric field.
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The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation
PublicationAn important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related...
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Energy Demand of Short-Range Inland Ferry with Series Hybrid Propulsion Depending on the Navigation Strategy
PublicationInterest in hybrid propulsion systems that can be used on small vessels has increased significantly in recent years. They can replace inefficient and environmentally burdensome conventional systems based on diesel engines. Hybrid propulsion has many advantages such as high energy efficiency and virtually noiseless operation, and therefore it fits well with the current trends of “green shipping” and “zero emission”. The aim of the...
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Spatial Aspects of Tram and Trolleybus Supply System
PublicationNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by reducing of the transmission losses in supply system or by the improving of the usage of the regenerative breaking. The spatial differentiation of the energy supply system of...
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Control of nonlinear and linearized model of self-balancing electric motorcycle
PublicationSelf-Balancing Electric Motorcycle (SBEM) is a dynamic and nonlinear electro-mechanical system. In this paper, the process of mathematical modelling and line-arization of SBEM is presented. The model of the control system in Matlab envi-ronment is implemented. The control system using the PID controller is designed. The operation of particular structures of the PID controller on the simulation model is compared. Due to simulation...
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Modeling and Evaluation of Electric Treeing Phenomena in Polymeric Cable Insulation
PublicationThis paper investigates the treeing phenomenon in polymeric materials such as crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) that is widely used in medium and high voltage power cables as primary insulation. The modeling of electrical tree growth in the insulation from its initiation to breakdown is significant research work that illustrates the discharge dynamics and its impact on aging process in polymeric insulation. This study utilizes pulse...
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Analytical modeling of electric drives for vehicle traction control systems
PublicationWheel-torque control bandwidth in vehicle dynamics model is crucial in evaluating optimal tracking ability of tire slip and in analysis of control system stability. Electric drives’ control dynamics are influenced by timing of digital control events, e.g. by sampling instant of motor currents. Reflecting this timing in drive analytical models is therefore important for analysis of vehicle traction systems. The paper considers five...
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Electric and thermoelectric properties of cement composites with expanded graphite
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Ordering of bacteriophages in the electric field: Application for bacteria detection
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Electric chips for rapid detection and quantification of nucleic acids
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Gene-based identification of bacterial colonies with an electric chip
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Preliminary analysis of diesel electric ships propulsion solution
PublicationArtykuł zawiera opis wytwarzania i transmisji mocy układów disel-elektrycznych. Referat zwraca uwagę na problemy dotyczące zastosowania tych układów na statkach oraz pokazuje rozwój napędów disel-elektrycznych w ostatnim czasie.
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State observers for diagnostic applications in modern electric traction
PublicationW rozdziale 7 monografii przedstawiono zagadnienie diagnostyki czujnika prędkości silnika i przekładni mechanicznej pociągu. Przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z diagnostyką czujnika prędkosci obrotowej silnika oraz układu transmisjii momentu trakcyjnego. Do diagnostyki wykorzystano analizę sygnałów prędkości obrotowej i momentu obciążenia silnika obliczanych przez układy obserwatorów stanu. Analiza chwilowych wartości obliczonej...
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Structure and electric properties of double magnesium zirconium orthophosphate
PublicationPublikacja przedstawia wyniki pomiarów elektrycznych i strukturalnych ortofosforanu magnezowo-cyrkonowego.
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Sensorless induction motor drive for electric vehicle application
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono układ napędowy pojazdu elektrycznego wykorzystujący niezawodny i tani silnik prądu przemiennego. Zastosowany trójfazowy silnik asynchroniczny klatkowy wymaga zasilaniaz falownika napięcia przekształcającego napięcie stałe z akumulatorów na napięcie przemienne. Wykonany tranzystorowy przekształtnik sterowany jest mikroprocesorowo. Zastosowany procesor realizuje algorytm sterowania polowo zorientowanego,...
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Electric field dependence of the probability of charge carriers recombination
PublicationBadano wpływ zewnętrznego pola elektrycznego na prawdopodobieństwo rekombinacji nośników ładunku w molekularnych ciałach stałych. Przybliżenie analityczne wykazuje, że prawdopodobieństwo to maleje ze wzrostem pola elektrycznego. Otrzymane wyniki mogą być pomocne w wyjaśnieniu spadku wydajności elektroluminescencji w jednowarstwowych diodach elektroluminescencyjnych w zakresie wysokich pól elektrycznych.
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Napęd elektryczny w motoryzacji = The electric drive in motorization
PublicationWyczerpujące się zasoby ropy naftowej sprzyjają rozwojowi spekulacji cen paliw na giełdach światowych. Jednocześnie postępujący efekt cieplarniany zmusza inżynierów do poszukiwania nośników energii oraz napędów, które mógłby być alternatywnym rozwiązaniem zaistniałej sytuacji ekonomicznej oraz ekologicznej. Użycie silników elektrycznych do napędu pojazdów samochodowych jest pewną alternatywą rozwiązującą problem wysokich cen paliw...
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Recent Results from Studies of Electric Discharges in the Mesosphere
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Selection of the Electric Drive for the Wood Waste Compacting Unit
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Hybrid excited electric machine with axial flux bridges
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Modeling and Simulation of Electric Motors Using Lightweight Materials
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Electric shock hazard in circuits with variable-speed drives
PublicationThe conventional approach to electrical safety under fault condition in typical power systems considers earth fault currents of sinusoidal waveform and frequency of 50/60 Hz. However, in circuits with variable-speed drives, there is earth fault current flow with harmonics, and these harmonics influence the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. The paper presents earth fault current waveforms in circuits with variable-speed drives...
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IPMSM Control for Electric Vehicle with Separate Wheel Drives.
PublicationPrzedstawiono propozycję hierarchicznej struktury rozproszonej sterowania pojazdu z niezależnym elektrycznym napędem kół. Zaproponowano algorytmy sterowania silnikiem synchronicznym z magnesami trwałymi. Przedstawiono strukturę stanowiska badawczego oraz wstępne wyniki badań symulacyjnych i laboratoryjnych układu.
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Blackout initial disturbances in electric Power System searching
PublicationThe paper contains short survey of the blackouts that took place in the last few years. The sources and initial disturbances are discussed. The typical scenario of the disturbance, leading to blackout in the electrical power system are presented.Next, models of a power system eligible to considered topic are discussed. Finally the algorithm of the blackout initial disturbances in power system searching is presented.The consideration...
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Control of Sensorless Electric Drive with Inverter Output Filter
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono układ sterowanie silnikiem asynchronicznym pracyjący bez pomiaru prędkości obrotowej. Zastosowano nowy rodzaj obserwatora prędkości obrotowej będący połączeniem liniowego obserwatora oraz obserwatora zakłóceń. Jako zakłócenia potraktowano siłę elektromotoryczną indukowaną w silniku. Aby umożliwić poprawną pracę układu z filtrem wyjściowym falownika zastosowano symulator dynamiki filtru do wyznaczenia prądów...
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Wind Turbine Operation in Electric Power System.Advanced Modelling
PublicationW monografii przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z pracą elektrowni wiatrowych w systemie elektroenergetycznym, a w tym przedstawiono wpływ elektrowni wiatrowych na system elektroenergetyczny (jakość energii elektrycznej). Omówiono zasady modelowania elektrowni wiatrowych różnych typów, tj. z generatorami asynchronicznymi i synchronicznymi, pracujących w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Przestawiono wybrane modele elektrowni wiatrowych...
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Noise Generated by Tyres Designet for Electric Vehicles - Results of Laboratory Experiments
PublicationA few years ago, electric and hybrid vehicles were rarely seen on public roads and were considered more as exotic curiosities or even as a sign of extravagance than a practical means of transport. Nowadays the situation has changes significantly. This was caused both by the technical development and legislative actions, as well as the organizational nature promoting the purchace and use of low emission vehicles. Electric vehicles...
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Study on effective front region thickness of PCM in thermal energy storage using a novel semi-theoretical model
PublicationThermal energy storage in mobile applications, particularly battery of electric vehicles, is currently gaining a lot of importance. In this paper, a semi-theoretical time-dependent mathematical model of the phase change in a double shell thermal energy storage module has been developed where the inner tube is a heat exchange surface. An effective front region thickness for the melting and solidification process has been studied....
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Directions and Prospects for the Development of the Electric Car Market in Selected ASEAN Countries
PublicationThe purpose of this article is to present the current situation and evaluate the opportuni‐ ties for the development of the electric car market in selected Southeast Asian countries in the con‐ text of the current situation in the rest of the world. Currently, the electric car market is at an ad‐ vanced stage of development in regions such as Western Europe, the USA, and China. It should be noted, however, that the number of electric...
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Growth and Electric Transport of Ca-doped PrBa2Cu3O7-δSingle Crystals
PublicationCrystal growth of Ca-doped PrBa2Cu3O (Pr-123) single crystals by slow cooling of Pr3O11-CaCO3-BaCO3-CuO melts (self-flux technique) in ambient air atmosphere was studied. As the first approach the growth of Ca-free crystals in Al2O3 and ZrO2 crucibles was investigated. The best quality crystals with the average size of 5 x 5 x 0.2mm3 were obtained from Al2O3 crucibles for Ba/Cu = 0.41 and 15 wt.% (2.41 mol.%) of stoichiometric...
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Charge density wave and crystalline electric field effects in TmNiC2
PublicationSingle crystals of TmNiC2 were grown by the optical floating-zone technique and were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal expansion, electrical resistivity, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Single-crystal XRD reveals the formation of a commensurate charge density wave (CDW) characterized by a CDW modulation vector q2c = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5), which is accompanied by a symmetry change from the orthorhombic...
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Requirements for Residual Current Devices Intended for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems
PublicationThe properties of residual current devices have been presented from the point of view of their ability to detect a specific shape of the residual current waveform. Moreover, the standard requirements relating to residual current protection used in electric vehicle charging installations have been pointed out. The operating characteristics of the IC-CPD and RDC-DD protections, which are intended for charging electric vehicles in...
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Situational Awareness Network for the Electric Power System: the Architecture and Testing Metrics
PublicationThe contemporary electric power system is highly dependent on Information and Communication Technologies which results in its exposure to new types of threats, such as Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) or Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. The most exposed components are Industrial Control Systems in substations and Distributed Control Systems in power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the cyber security of...
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POSSIBILITIES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN CENTRAL EUROPE
PublicationNowadays, fossil fuels are the main sources of energy from which electricity is obtained. But these sources will not last forever, so in due course renewable energies will have to replace them in this role. One of these new sources is solar energy. To generate electricity from sunlight, solar (photovoltaic - PV) cells and modules are used. The increasing interest in PV cells and modules worldwide is due mainly to the fact that...
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Automated Diagnostics of Current Pick-Up Disturbances in Electric Traction Networks
PublicationThe present work defines the basic causes of bow disturbances of current pick-up, sets a task of establishing a system of automated control of bow disturbances at feeder zones of electric traction networks, proposes structural variants of the technical system implementation, describes the algorithm of detection of bow disturbances of current pick-up.
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Comparative Analysis of Reactive Power Compensation Devices in a Real Electric Substation
PublicationA constant worldwide growing load stress over a power system compelled the practice of a reactive power injection to ensure an efficient power network. For this purpose, multiple technologies exist in the knowledge market out of which this paper emphasizes the usage of the flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) and presents a comparative study of the static var compensator (SVC) with the static synchronous compensator...
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System of protection against electric shock for circuits with power electronics converters
PublicationModern low voltage circuits are very often equipped with power electronics converters, therefore in these circuits non-sinusoidal earth currents (touch currents) may occur. For non-sinusoidal currents safety criteria should be modified. This paper presents these modified criteria and a computer system of protection against electric shock which can be implemented in circuits with power electronics converters. The system is based...
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Induction motor control application in high-speed train electric drive
PublicationThe chapter presents an application of induction motor mechanical speed and load torque observers in high-speed train drives. The observers are applied for a 1.2-MW electric drive with an induction motor. The goal of using such observers is to utilize computed variables for diagnostic purposes of speed sensors and torque transmission system. The concept of diagnostic system is presented in this paper, and proper criteria are proposed....
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Koncepcja, modelowanie i symulacja układu napędowego prototypu samochodu elektrycznego "ELV001"
PublicationAbstract: In this paper a conception, modelling and simulation tool for drive system of the prototype electric vehicle ''ELV001'' have been presented. The design and building of this vehicle have been carried out in frame of the project: ''Building a market of electric vehicle and charging infrastructure - fundamentals of energy safety''. The simulation tools are of great assistance to engineers and researchers to reduce product-development...