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PHYSICAL MODELLING OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES IN PORTS AND OFFSHORE
PublicationThe physical modelling of subsoil behaviour and soil-structure interaction is essential for the proper design of offshore structures and port infrastructure. A brief introduction to such modelling of geoengineering problems is presented and some methods and experimental devices are described. The relationships between modelling scales are given. Some examples of penetration testing results in centrifuge and calibration chamber...
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Selected Problems of Transport in Port Towns – Tri-City as an Example
PublicationPort towns are strategic places from the point of view of transport systems. They form integration junctions for various transport branches , apart from the traditional - road and railway ones , also for water( sea) transport which is active there. Moreover, air transport comes also into consideration , whose efficient functioning must be connected with good accessibility, that concerns sea transport as well. Efficient and...
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Numerical Simulations of Hydrodynamic Open-Water Characteristics of a Ship Propeller
PublicationThe paper presents the results of numerical simulations of ship propeller operation bearing the name of Propeller Open Water (POW) Tests. The object of tests was a sample ship propeller (PPTC1), the geometrical and kinematic data of which are available, along with the results of model tests, on the official page of the research centre involved in the measurements. The research aimed at verifying the correctness of results of numerical...
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Application of Thermo-chemical Technologies for Conversion of Associated Gas in Diesel-Gas Turbine Installations for Oil and Gas Floating Units
PublicationThe paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are...
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Structural Reliability Assessment Of Corroded Tanker Ship Based On Experimentally Estimated Ultimate Strength
PublicationThis work deals with the reliability assessment of a tanker ship hull structure subjected to a vertical bending moment and corrosion degradation. The progressive collapse and ultimate load carrying capacity are estimated based on experimentally tested scaled box-shaped-specimens. The translation of the strength estimate of the scaled specimen to the real tanker ship hull structure is performed based on the dimensional theory developing...
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Model Predictive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for An Autonomous Surface Vehicle
PublicationThis paper presents a new robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm for trajectory tracking of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) in presence of the time-varying external disturbances including winds, waves and ocean currents as well as dynamical uncertainties. For fulfilling the robustness property, a sliding mode control-based procedure for designing of MPC and a super-twisting term are adopted. The MPC algorithm has been...
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Application of Reverse Engineering Technology in Part Design for Shipbuilding Industry
PublicationIn the shipbuilding industry, it is difficult to create CAD models of existing or prototype parts, especially with many freeform surfaces. The paper presents the creation of the CAD 3D model of a shipbuilding component with the application of the reverse engineering technology. Based on the data obtained from the digitization process, the component is reconstructed in point cloud processing programs and the CAD model is created....
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Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development
PublicationIntegrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade...
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Selected Problems of Experimental Testing Marine Stern Tube Bearings
PublicationThis paper presents typical methods for conducting experimental tests on main shaft slide bearings. There are described their possible testing capabilities, advantages, drawbacks and limitations. Various testing methods were analyzed to find a solution able of providing a wide range of possible investigations at possibly acceptable limitations.
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The Analysis of Overall Ship Fuel Consumption in Acceleration Manoeuvre using Hull-Propeller-Engine Interaction Principles and Governor Features
PublicationThe problem of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in shipping is currently addressed by many research works and related industries. There are many existing and visionary technologies and ideas, which are conceptually defined or practically realised. This goal can be achieved in different ways, and reducing fuel consumption is one of the major methods. In these circumstances, the aim of this study is to analyse the possibility...
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Manoeuvring forces on azimuthing podded propulsor model
PublicationThis paper presents the preliminary part of comprehensive manoeuvring open- water tests of a gas carrier model. The paper focuses on open water experiments with an azimuthing podded propulsor. The test program was carried out in the cavitation tunnel and the large towing tank of Ship Hydromechanics Division, Ship Design and Research Centre, Gdańsk. The pod was tested as a pushing unit with a 161.3 mm diameter propeller. Steering...
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CFGFRPT Piles with a Circular Cross-Section and their Application in Offshore Structures
PublicationThe possibilities of using concrete piles in a polymer composite reinforced with glass fibres in offshore facilities were shown. Laboratory tests of CFGFRPT type piles compressed axially and in eccentric compression for the analysis of CFGFRPT piles were used. Methods of analysis of dynamic systems for mathematical modelling of the displacement of the hammer in the pile driving process were applied. The possibilities of combining...
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Application of the Optimization Methods to the Search of Marine Propulsion Shafting Global Equilibrium in Running Condition
PublicationFull film hydrodynamic lubrication of marine propulsion shafting journal bearings in running condition is discussed. Considerable computational difficulties in non-linear determining the quasi-static equilibrium of the shafting are highlighted. The approach using two optimization methods (the particle swarm method and the interior point method) in combination with the specially developed relaxation technique is proposed to overcome...
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On some problems in determining tensile parameters of concrete model from size effect tests
PublicationThe paper presents results of numerical simulations of size effect phenomenon in concrete specimens. The behaviour of in-plane geometrically similar notched and unnotched beams under three-point bending is investigated. In total 18 beams are analysed. Concrete beams of four different sizes and five different notch to depth ratios are simulated. Two methods are applied to describe cracks. First, an elasto-plastic constitutive law...
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Longitudinal Motion Due to Action of Tunnel Thrusters
PublicationTunnel thrusters are propulsion and active control devises that provide a side force, or transverse thrust, to support mooring operations or position keeping. They shorten the time of manoeuvring, reduce the cost of towage and since inception, manoeuvrability specifically in ports has become a lot easier. Tunnel thrusters can either be operated manually or with the help of Dynamic Positioning systems which makes it even more efficient. Theoretically,...
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Numerical Analysis of an Impact of Planned Location of Sewage Discharge on Natura 2000 Areas – The Dead Vistula Region Case Study
PublicationThis article presents results of an analysis of impact of a designed discharge of contaminated water into the Dead Vistula (Wisła Martwa) in the region of the Isthmus (Przesmyk) with the aim of determination of a possible effect of the pollution onto protected areas of Natura 2000 (bird habitats and sites, especially the Bird Paradise – Ptasi Raj) nature reserve. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the two-dimensional modelling...
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A CONCEPT DESIGN OF DIESEL – HYDRAULIC PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER SHIP INTENDED FOR INLAND SHALLOW WATER NAVIGATION
PublicationThis paper presents an analysis of environmental and technical conditions necessary for working out a possibly most favourable propulsion system for a two – segment passenger ship intended for navigation between Berlin and Kaliningrad. There are presented various types of propulsion systems for small ships as well as analyzed their possible applications and consequences. In this work there were taken into account system’s reliability,...
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Energy Loss Coefficients ki in a Displacement Pump and Hydraulic Motor used in Hydrostatic Drives
PublicationThe article aims at defining and analysing the energy loss coefficients in design solutions of rotating displacement machines, with a piston machine as an example. The energy losses observed in these machines include mechanical loss, volumetric loss, and pressure loss. The scale and relations between these losses in different machines depend on machine design and manufacturing quality, and on operating parameters. The operating...
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Simulation studies into quayside transport and storage yard operations in container terminals
PublicationThe focus of the paper is on quayside transport and storage yard operations in the sea container terminals. Developed algorithms for solving the issues of load handling and storage space allocation have been applied in the frame of adopted simulation model. The criteria chosen for decision making involved the total makespan of vessel unloading and the utilisation levels of the transportation trucks. Recommendations for unloading...
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Features of load and wear of main propulsion devices on sea-going ships with piston combustion engines and their impact on changes in technical states of the systems
PublicationThe paper presents the specificity of operation of propulsion systems of seagoing ships which causes the need to control the load on them, especially on their engines called main engines. The characteristics of the load on the propulsion systems, especially on the main engines as well as on the shaft lines and propellers driven by the engines, along with the process of wear in tribological joints (sliding tribological systems)...
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Design of Structure of Tension Leg Platform for 6 MW Offshore Wind Turbine Based On Fem Analysis
PublicationThe article presents the calculation and design stages of the TLP platform serving as a supporting construction of a 6 MW offshore wind turbine. This platform is designed to anchor at sea at a depth of 60 m. The authors presented the method of parameterization and optimization of the hull geometry. For the two selected geometry variants, the load and motion calculations of the platform subjected to wind, wave and current under...
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Technology Concept of TLP Platform Towing and Installation in Waters with Depth of 60 m
PublicationThe article is part of the design and research work conducted at the Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, in cooperation with a number of other research centres, which concerns offshore wind farms planned to be built in the Polish zone of the Baltic sea in the next years. One of most difficult tasks in this project is building suitable foundations for each power unit consisting of a...
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PROBLEMS OF THE STARTING AND OPERATING OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (PART V) METHODS ENSURING CORRECT START-UP OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS OF SHIP’S ONBOARD DEVICES IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
PublicationA large number of hydraulic devices and systems are started in low ambient temperatures. A good example of such a device is the hoisting winch on the ship. Starting hydraulic drive units in thermal shock conditions (rapid supply of hot oil to the cold unit) may lead to incorrect operation of the actuating system, for instance, due to the loss of clearance between cooperating elements. The article presents methods to prevent the...
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MAPPING SOUTH BALTIC NEAR-SHORE BATHYMETRY USING SENTINEL-2 OBSERVATIONS
PublicationOne of the most promising new applications of remote observation satellite systems (RO) is the near-shore bathymetry estimation based on spaceborn multispectral imageries. In recent years, many experiments aiming to estimate bathymetry in optically shallow water with the use of remote optical observations have been presented. In this paper, optimal models of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) for relatively turbid waters of the...
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Technical State Assessment of Charge Exchange System of Self-Ignition Engine, Based On the Exhaust Gas Composition Testing
PublicationThis paper presents possible use of results of exhaust gas composition testing of self - ignition engine for technical state assessment of its charge exchange system under assumption that there is strong correlation between considered structure parameters and output signals in the form of concentration of toxic compounds (ZT) as well as unambiguous character of their changes. Concentration of the analyzed ZT may be hence considered...
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Visualization of a lifeboat motion during lowering along ship’s side
PublicationThis paper presents description of a computer program for motion visualization of a lifeboat lowered along ship’s side. The program is a post-processor which reads results of numerical calculations of simulated objects’ motions. The data is used to create scene composed of 3D surfaces to visualize mutual spatial positions of a lifeboat, ship’s side and water waving surface. Since the numerical data contain description of a simulation...
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A method to assess transverse vibration energy of ship propeller shaft for diagnostic purposes
PublicationThe article discusses a key problem of ship propulsion system vibration diagnostics, which concerns assessing this part of mechanical energy transmitted from the main engine to the ship propeller which is dissipated due to propeller shaft vibration. A simplified calculation model is proposed which allows the total energy of the generated torsional vibration to be assessed from the shaft deflection amplitude measured at the mind-span...
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PROBLEMS OF THE STARTING AND OPERATING OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (PART IV) MODELLING THE HEATING PROCESS AND DETERMINING THE SERVICEABILITY OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS DURING THE STARTING-UP IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
PublicationDesigners of hydraulically driven machines and devices are obliged to ensure during design process their high service life with taking into account their operational conditions. Some of the machines may be started in low ambient temperature and even in thermal shock conditions (due to delivering hot working medium to cold components). In order to put such devices into operation appropriate investigations, including experimental...
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Acoustic imaging of selected areas of Gdansk Bay with the aid of parametric echosounder and side-scan sonar
PublicationThe article presents and analyses the data recorded during sounding of the Gdansk Bay seabed with the aid of a parametric echosounder and a side-scan sonar. The accuracy of seabed structure examination, as a condition for obtaining valuable results, requires correct configuration of echolocation devices and proper calibration of peripheral devices, such as the survey unit geographical position sensor – GPS, the navigation unit,...
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CAUSALITY IN MODELS OF THERMAL PROCESSES IN SHIP ENGINE ROOMS WITH THE USE OF BOND GRAPH (BG) METHOD
PublicationWith a single approach to modeling elements of different physical nature, the method of Bond Graph (BG) is particularly well suited for modeling energy systems consisting of mechanical, thermal, electrical and hydraulic elements that operate in the power system engine room. The paper refers to the earlier presented new concept of thermal process modeling using the BG method. The authors own suggestions for determining causality...
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ENERGY EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY HYBRID CONVERSION OF INLAND PASSENGER VESSEL
PublicationThe development and growing availability of modern technologies, along with more and more severe environment protection standards which frequently take a form of legal regulations, are the reason why attempts are made to find a quiet and economical propulsion system not only for newly built watercraft units, but also for modernised ones. Correct selection of the propulsion and supply system for a given vessel affects significantly...
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The experimental identification of the dynamic coefficients of two hydrodynamic journal bearings operating at constant rotational speed and under nonlinear conditions.
PublicationHydrodynamic bearings are commonly used in ship propulsion systems. Typically, they are calculated using numerical or experimental methods. This paper presents an experimental study through which it has been possible to estimate 24 dynamic coefficients of two hydrodynamic slide bearings operating under nonlinear conditions. During the investigation, bearing mass coefficients are identified by means of a newly developed algorithm....
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OPERATION OF TWO-SHAFT GAS TURBINE IN THE RANGE OF OPEN ANTI-SURGE VALVE
PublicationThis paper presents experimental tests of full-scale two-shaft gas turbine in the range of open anti-surge valve (ASV). The tests were carried out in a laboratory gas- turbine test stand belonging to Department of Automation and Power Engineering , Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology , Gdańsk University of Technology. The tests covered the start-up and low load operation of the turbine set in the range of open...
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Bearing estimation using double frequency reassignment for a linear passive array
PublicationThe paper demonstrates the use of frequency reassignment for bearing estimation. For this task, signals derived from a linear equispaced passive array are used. The presented method makes use of Fourier transformation based spatial spectrum estimation. It is further developed through the application of two-dimensional reassignment, which leads to obtaining highly concentrated energy distributions in the joint frequency-angle domain...
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Theoretical Model of Acoustic Wave Propagation in Shallow Water
PublicationThe work is devoted to the propagation of low frequency waves in a shallow sea. As a source of acoustic waves, underwater disturbances generated by ships were adopted. A specific feature of the propagation of acoustic waves in shallow water is the proximity of boundaries of the limiting media characterised by different impedance properties, which affects the acoustic field coming from a source situated in the water layer “ deformed”...
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Comparative Study of Machining Technology Selection to Manufacture Large-Size Components of Offshore Constructions
PublicationThe focus of this paper is on process planning for large parts manufacture in systems of definite process capabilities, involving the use of multi-axis machining centres. The analysis of machining heavy mechanical components used in off-shore constructions has been carried out. Setup concepts applied and operation sequences determined in related process plans underwent studies. The paper presents in particular a reasoning approach...
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Searching for Critical Conditions During Lifeboat Launching – Simulations
PublicationThe article describes numerical simulations of the process of lifeboat launching at the ship’s side. The research is aimed at finding the values of ship motion parameters which appear to be most dangerous for people in the lowered lifeboat due to the generated accelerations. The simplified model of ship hull motion adopted at this research stage bases on a superposition of harmonic motions with given amplitudes and periods in six...
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Effect of Different Structure Type Traffic On Railway Line Capacity
PublicationThe article points to methods of analyzing railway traffic conditions based on two parameters: capacity and delay of trains. The impact of the differentiated railway type structure on the capacity of the railway line was presented. Particular attention has been paid to the assessment of commonly used simplifications in analyzes.
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Comparison of soil models in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments
PublicationThis paper deals with mathematical modelling of a seabed layer in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments. The existing seabed soil models: a “soil ring” and a semi-infinite soil layer are discussed in a comparative analysis of the shape factor of a surrounding soil layer. The meaning of differences in the heat transfer coefficient of a soil layer is illustrated based on a computational example...
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Application of Rapid Prototyping technology in the manufacturing of turbine blade with small diameter holes
PublicationThe article presents the possibilities of using Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology in the manufacturing of turbine blades with small diameter holes. The object under investigation was gas turbine blade with small diameter cooling holes and holes for generating longitudinal vortices. A turbine blade model was produced by means of Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technology and subsequently validated in terms of detection and accuracy...
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ENERGY ANALYSIS OF PROPULSION SHAFT FATIGUE PROCESS IN ROTATING MECHANICAL SYSTEM PART I TESTING SIGNIFICANCE OF INFLUENCE OF SHAFT MATERIAL FATIGUE EXCITATION PARAMETERS
PublicationThe article discusses the problem of mathematical modelling of energy conversion processes in a rotating mechanical system for the purpose of identifying fatigue states of propulsion shafts in this system. A simplified physical model of the analysed system, constructed in an appropriate scale, has made the basis for the experimental research. The research programme took into consideration mechanical fatigue excitation of the model...
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INCREASING POWER SUPPLY SAFETY IN THE ASPECT OF SUPPORTING THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY CONVENTIONAL AND VIRTUAL POWER STORES
PublicationThis paper presents characteristics and purposefulness of supporting the renewable energy sources (OZE) by means of energy stores. The main emphasis was placed on analysis of virtual energy stores available for implementation in Polish economy conditions. A role which management of Demand Side Response (DSR) may play in balancing Polish electric power system, is discussed. Implementation of such solutions together with conventional...
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Investigation method and mathematical model of pressure losses in hydraulic rotary motor
PublicationTis paper presents a way of determining the coefcient k of the pressure losses Δp (fow drag) in internal ducts 8 Mp of SWSB-63 hydraulic motor. Te coefcient is determined at a fow rate equal to the theoretical capacity Q of the Pt pump feeding the motor , the losses are related to the nominal pressure p in the hydraulic system. Te investigations n followed a model of energy performance of hydraulic rotary motor, proposed by...
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Influence of lubricating oil improvers on performance of crankshaft seals
PublicationThis paper presents an original method for checking influence of lubricating oil improvers on performance of crankshaft seals of combustion piston engine. Crankshaft seals were tested with the use of a modified friction node of T-02 four- ball apparatus in laboratory conditions. The tests were conducted according to a worked-out algorithm. Their results confirmed usefulness of the method for determining „harmful” performance...
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor
PublicationThis paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a high-temperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet...
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Comparison analysis of selected nuclear power plants supplied with helium from high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
PublicationThe article presents results of efficiency calculations for two 560 MW nuclear cycles with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). An assumption was made that systems of this type can be used in so-called marine nuclear power plants. The first analysed system is the nuclear steam power plant. For the steam cycle, the efficiency calculations were performed with the code DIAGAR, which is dedicated for analysing this type of systems....
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The effect of numerical 2D and 3D FEM element modelling on strain and stress distributions at laser weld notches in steel sandwich type panels
PublicationLike other means of transport, merchant ships face the problem of increasing requirements concerning the environment protection, which, among other issues, implies the reduction of fuel consumption by the ship. Here, the conventional approach which consists in making use of higher strength steels to decrease the mass of the ship hull can be complemented by the use of new steel structures of sandwich panel type. However, the lack...
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THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AND MINERAL OIL ON MECHANICAL LOSSES IN THE DISPLACEMENT PUMP FOR OFFSHORE AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
PublicationIn this paper mechanical losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a satellite pump. The design of the satellite pump is presented in the article. The pump features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. This pump...
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Mobile Laser Scanning Calibration on a Marine Platform
PublicationThe article describes the method of calibration of the Riegl VMZ-400 mobile scanning system on a floating platform and an experiment aimed at conducting measurements from a previously calibrated instrument. The issue of factors affecting the quality of measurements was discussed. Mobile laser scanning is an increasingly popular measurement solution, but it is still innovative on a European scale. The use of a floating platform...
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The propagation of the waves in the CTO S.A. towing tank
PublicationThe paper presents the results of research focused on the wave propagation in the CTO S.A. deepwater towing tank. In the scope of paper, the wavemaker transfer function was determined for regular waves, based on the Biésel Transfer Function and further for irregular waves, based on Hasselman model of nonlinear energy transfer. The phenomena: wave damping, wave breakdown and wave reflection, were measured, analyzed and mathematically...