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Search results for: NIOBATE IN GLASSES
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The morphology of lead-borate glasses and nanocomposites doped with iron oxide
Open Research DataThe topography of iron-doped borate glasses and glass-ceramics were studied. Samples of composition of xFe2O3–(100 − x)(B2O3–2PbO) (2.5 < x < 37 in mol%) were prepared by the conventional meltquenching technique. The melting was conducted in alumina crucibles at the temperature of 1523 K. The melts were poured on a preheated (573 K) brass plate...
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The structure of lead-borate glasses containing nanocrystallites of iron oxides
Open Research DataThe structure of iron-doped glasses and glass-ceramics were studied. Glass samples of composition of xFe2O3–(100 − x)(B2O3–2PbO) (2.5 b x b 37, in mol%) were prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. The melting was conducted in alumina crucibles at the temperature of 1523 K. The melts were poured on a preheated (573 K) brass plate and...
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The influence of water and mineral oil on volumetric losses in the displacement pump for offshore and marine applications
PublicationIn this paper volumetric losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a prototype of a satellite pump (with a non-circular tooth working mechanism). In this paper the sources of volumetric losses in this pump are characterised. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been presented. The results of the calculation...
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Theoretical and mathematical models of the torque of mechanical losses in a hydraulic rotational motor for hydrostatic drive
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono modele teoretyczne i matematyczne momentu strat mechanicznych występujących w silniku hydraulicznym obrotowym o stałej teoretycznej chłonności qMt silnika na obrót wału (o stałej teoretycznej objętości roboczej VMt silnika) i o zmiennej chłonności qMgv = bM qMt na obrót wału (o zmiennej geometrycznej objętości roboczej VMgv silnika). Modele mają służyć badaniom laboratoryjnym i symulacyjnym strat energetycznych...
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Losses and power balance in hydraulic satellite motor supplied with oil and HFA-E emulsion
PublicationMineral oil and HFA-E emulsion are liquids which differ in viscosity, density and lubricant properties. Therefore, supplying hydraulic satellite motor with these liquids, differences between quantity of hydraulic, volumetric and mechanical losses are observed. These losses influence efficiency of conversion of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and thereby power balance of motor. The research of satellite motor has been conducted...
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Model angular distribution functions in CA3, CA4 and CA6 structural units of glassy systems
PublicationMetodą Monte Carlo wyliczono funkcje rozkładu kątów pomiędzykrawędziami w losowo deformowanych jednostkach strukturalnychCA_3, CA_4 i CA_6, gdzie C oznacza centralny kation,a A - wierzchołkowy anion. Uzyskane dane mogą być wykorzystanejako dane referencyjne do ilościowej oceny stopnia nieporządkuw materiałach symulowanych numerycznie, głównie szkłachtlenkowych. W pracy podano przykłady takiego zastosowania.
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Review of hydrogen production technologies for automotive sector – thermodynamic analysis of energy and exergy losses
PublicationFew recent years has shown that hydrogen technology has a good chance to replace petroleum technology in automotive sector. However, hydrogen in pure form practically does not occur on Earth. That is why H2 form is used only as an energy carrier and it must be produced using another source of energy form water or hydrocarbon fuels. In this paper short overview of hydrogen production technology has been presented, with energy and...
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THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AND MINERAL OIL ON MECHANICAL LOSSES IN THE DISPLACEMENT PUMP FOR OFFSHORE AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
PublicationIn this paper mechanical losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a satellite pump. The design of the satellite pump is presented in the article. The pump features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. This pump...
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The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil on Mechanical Losses in a Hydraulic Motor for Offshore and Marine Applications
PublicationIn this paper, mechanical losses in a hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were onducted using a special design (prototype) of a hydraulic satellite motor. The design of the satellite motor is presented. This motor was developed to supply both with water and mineral oil and features...
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Hydraulic servomechanism system. Examples of reduction of power losses in the variable pressure power supply
PublicationUkład serwomechanizmu hydraulicznego najczęściej stosowany, w którym rozdzielacz dławiący jest zasilany pompą wyporową o stałej wydajności, współpracującą z zaworem przelewowym, pracujący przy stałym ciśnieniu zasilania, osiąga wysoką wartość sprawności energetycznej jedynie w punkcie maksymalnej wartości obciążenia i prędkości sterowanego silnika. Oszczędności energii przy zasilaniu układu pompą o stałej wydajności mogą być osiągnięte...
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EXAFS analysis of bismuth atom neighbourhood in reduced bismuth silicate glass
PublicationPraca zawiera wyniki strukturalnej analizy EXAFS niemodyfikowanego szkła bizmutowo-krzemianowego o składzie 0.4Bi2O3 0.6SiO2 oraz jego modyfikowanych w atmosferze gorącego wodoru form. Przedstawiono wpływ czasu redukcji na strukturę rozważanego szkła. Wyniki wskazują na silną tendencję do aglomeracji neutralnych atomów bizmutu w metaliczne nanostruktury.
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The structure of Pb-PbO-SiO2 glass via molecular dynamics simulation
PublicationPraca poświęcona jest badaniom struktury blisko i średniozasięgowej częściowo zredukowanego szkła ołowiowo-krzemianowego o stechiometrii 1Pb1PbO1SiO2 uzyskanego na drodze symulacji dynamiczno-molekularnych. Otrzymane rezultaty porównamy z danymi otrzymanymi dla szkła niemodyfikowanego (2PbO1SiO2) i całkowicie zredukowanego (2Pb1SiO2).
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Removal of BTEX Compounds From Waste Gases; Destruction and Recovery Techniques
PublicationThe tendency for BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) to spread into all compartments of the environment together with their influence on both ecosystem and human health means that the emission of thesecompounds into the air is becoming the matter of worldwide concern. The legal regulations introduced by the European Union governing the assessment and management of air quality obliges member states to systematically...
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Electronic conductivity in the SiO2-PbO-Fe2O3 glass containing magnetic nanostructures
PublicationThe linear impedance spectra of iron–silicate–lead glass samples were measured in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from 153 K to 423 K. The structure was investigated by means of XRD and atomic force microscopy. Local electrical and magnetic properties of the samples were tested with the aid of electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The obtained results show...
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Electrical properties and structure of lead-borate glass containing iron ions.
PublicationThe ac and dc conductivity in iron–lead-borate glass samples was investigated in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from 153 K to 423 K. The structure was investigated by the means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the crystalline phases (if present) were identified by the means of X-ray diffractometry. Two types of ac electrical behaviour were observed. The first group of glass samples which...
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Electronic conductivity in the SiO2–PbO–Fe2O3 glass containing magnetic nanostructures
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Electrical properties and structure of lead-borate glass containing iron ions
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Decay properties of unstable Tonks-Girardeau gases from a split trap
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Degradation of Gel-Coat Layer in Glass/Polyester Laminate in Seawater Environment
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Sea to air transport of trace gases in the coastal zone: a literature review
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono informacje i dane liczbowe dotyczące zjawiska wymiany składników śladowych (CO2, N2O, CH4, DMS, COS, NH3, metyloaminy, lotne związki halogenoorganiczne, CO) pomiędzy powierzchnią morza i powietrzem atmosferycznym w strefie przybrzeżnej. Dokonano oceny ogólnej emisji tych związków oraz podano informacje o stężeniach i o strumieniach (w skali rocznej).
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The structure and melting of lead nanocrystalline layer in reduced lead-germanate glass
PublicationNanokrystaliczna warstwa granul Pb na powierzchni szkieł ołowiowo-germanianowych została wytworzona poprzez wygrzewanie w wysokich temperaturach, w atmosferze wodoru. Właściwości tej warstwy silnie zależą od temperatury i czasu redukcji. Artykuł prezentuje rentgenowskie i mikroskopowe badania struktury warstwy oraz wpływ topnienia i krzepnięcia granul Pb na jej przewodnictwo.
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Low velocity impact damage in glass/polyester composite sandwich panels
PublicationZbadano odporność udarową konstrukcji przekładkowych z laminatu poliestrowo szklanego pod kątem adhezji z rdzeniem (pianki PVC) przy polaczeniu dwoma rodzajami kleju lub łączanymi na ''mokro'' przy pomocy żywicy w trakcie utwardzania laminatu. Do oceny obszaru zniszczeń udarowych zastosowano metodę ultradźwiękową, która umożliwia wykrycie pola delaminacji nakładających się na siebie w poszczególnych warstwach .Obszary zniszczeń...
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Mechanical, thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy/glass composites with submicron particles
PublicationIn this research the influence of submicron zinc oxide and silicon dioxide particles on mechanical, thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with glass fibres was investigated. Composites were fabricated using hand lay-up method. Materials contained 39-41 wt.% of glass fibres. The bending tests, dynamic mechanical analysis and tribological tests were performed on each group of composites and also for...
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Vibrationally Relaxing Gases. Acoustic Cooling
PublicationThe dynamic equation which governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode in vibrationally relaxing gas is derived. The nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy to the energy of the thermal mode in a relaxing gas causes slow variation of temperature with time. The nal dynamic equation is instantaneous. All types of sound, including aperiodic, may be considered as an acoustic source of corresponding heating or cooling....
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Influence of concentration on contact angle of water-Cu nanofluid on glass substrate
PublicationIn the paper the results of an experimental investigation of influence of nanoparticle concentration on contact angle of water-Cu nanofluid on glass substrate have been presented. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. In the present study copper was applied as nanoparticle while distilled, deionized water was used as a base fluid. The mean diameter of nanoparticle is estimated to be 50...
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Lightweight glass and metal roof structures in the 19th century. Architecture and construction.
PublicationThe 19th century brought new construction possibilities. The usage of metal elements in mesh structures, filled in with glass, resulted in creating entirely new types of objects. They have distinguished themselves in architecture and technical solutions. The envelope structures giving spatial interiors were arising very quickly. They have been enabling large light penetration, triggering them extremely bright. Thus these building...
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Degradation of Gel-Coat Layer in Glass/Polyester Laminate in Seawater Environment
PublicationGlass/polyester laminate coated with gelcoat layer of different thickness 0,5; 1,5; 3 mm was studied in terms of blistering behaviour and water sorption in hot water environment. Blistering was found to be accelerated for thin (0,5 mm) gel-coat layer compared to the thick (1,5; 3 mm), however no significant difference in blistering behaviour was observed between the laminates with gel-coat thickness 1,5 and 3 mm which may suggest...
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The Issue of Shading Photovoltaic Installation Caused by Dust Accumulation on the Glass Surface
PublicationThe issue of accumulation of dust and other pollutants on the surface of photovoltaic modules was thoroughly analysed over the years. One of the first surveys in this field of knowledge linked pollutant accumulation on the module surface with transmittance loss of its glass covering, which leads to lessened amount of solar radiation reaching solar cells. First stage of this accumulation process is linear transparency loss, and second...
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Wettability of plasma modified glass surface with bioglass layer in polysaccharide solution
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Lightweight Cement Mortars with Granulated Foam Glass and Waste Perlite Addition
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Effect of Glass Powder on the Cement Hydration, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mortar
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Spin-glass behavior in a binary Pr 3 Ir intermetallic compound
PublicationPolycrystalline Pr3Ir was synthesized by arc melting. Its cementite-type crystal structure (Pnma) was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and estimated lattice parameters are in agreement with literature. Physical properties were measured by means of the ac and dc magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and heat capacity. Our results indicate spin-glass behavior in Pr3Ir with a freezing temperature Tf = 6.58 K and activation...
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High Rise Building: The Mega Sculpture Made Of Steel, Concrete and Glass
PublicationHigh rise building has transformed from providing not only the expansion of floor space but functioning as mega sculpture in the city. The shift away from economic efficiency driven need is only expected to grow in the future. Based on literature studies; after analysing planning documents and case studies, it was examined whether the presumption that gaining the maximum amount of usable area is the only driving factor; or if the...
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Application of lightweight cement composite with foamed glass aggregate in shell structures
PublicationThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the abilities of applying Granulated Expanded Glass Aggregate (GEGA) as a natural volume substitute of aggregate as a component of lightweight concrete. The GEGA aggregates used in the experiments were made of confused glass waste. In order to achieve satisfactory strength of concrete Granulated Ash Aggregate (GAA) was added as well. To produce specimens three grain sizes of aggregates...
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Detecting harmful gases using fluctuation-enhanced sensing with Taguchi sensors
PublicationTechniki sensorowe powinny być nie tylko wszechstronne ale także poprawiać dostarczaną informację.Artykuł przedstawia nowe podejście do analizy sygnałów obserwowanych podczas wykrywania gazów. Wykorzystuje się całe pasmo częstotliwości obserwowanych fluktuacji rezystancji sensora, w przecwieństwie do klasycznego podejścia wykorzystującego tylko obserwacje zmian rezystancji stałoprądowej. Nowe podej[cie pozwala zredukować liczbę...
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Comparison of active proximity radars for the wearable devices
PublicationTwo methods of object position and movement estimation in relation to the user of smart glasses were investigated. An active infrared and ultrasonic methods of the obstacle detection were presented and compared. Application of these methods depend on active transducers type (physical medium used), geometry and surface properties of detected objects and their movement direction and speed. In the article properties of both detectors...
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GLASS AND CERAMICS
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Energy losses in the hydraulic rotational motor - definitions and relations for evaluation of the efficiency of motor and hydrostatic drive
PublicationStosowane dotychczas w badaniach naukowych i w praktyce przemysłowej metody oceny strat i sprawności energetycznej obrotowych silników hydraulicznych stosowanych w napędach hydrostatycznych dają błędne rezultaty, ponieważ obarczone są wpływem samych strat na parametry, w funkcji których straty i sprawności są oceniane.Celem pracy było zdefiniowanie w silniku parametrów pracy, rozwijanych mocy, występujących strat i sprawności energetycznej...
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Studies on Aminoanthraquinone-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance toward Oxygen Reduction
PublicationIn this paper, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) derivative-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes werestudied towards the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. The reaction of 1-chloro-9,10-anthraquinone with aliphatic diamines was applied for the synthesis of amino-9,10-anthraquinone derivatives. The obtained AQ derivatives were grafted onto the surface of glassy carbon electrodes by electropolymerisation...
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Mathematical model defining volumetric losses of hydraulic oil compression in a variable capacity displacement pump
PublicationThe objective of the work is to develop the capability of evaluating the volumetric losses of hydraulic oil compression in the working chambers of high pressure variable capacity displacement pump. Volumetric losses of oil compression must be determined as functions of the same parameters, which the volumetric losses due to leakage, resulting from the quality of design solution of the pump, are evaluated as dependent on and also...
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Studies on Aminoanthraquinone-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance toward Oxygen Reduction
PublicationIn this paper, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) derivative-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes were studied towards the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. The reaction of 1-chloro-9,10-anthraquinone with aliphatic diamines was applied for the synthesis of amino-9,10-anthraquinone derivatives. The obtained AQ derivatives were grafted onto the surface of glassy carbon electrodes by electropolymerisation...
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The impact of the distribution network reconfiguration on active power losses: Selected issues of UPGRID project realization
PublicationThe dynamic development of smart grids allows the use of remote controllable switches to change the configuration of the distribution network. The paper discusses the impact of the distribution system reconfiguration on active power losses, taking into account the typical daily load profiles. Based on modified IEEE 33-bus test distribution system the article presents the method of selection the appropriate sensitivity factor and...
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Quantitative study of free convective heat losses from thermodynamic partitions using Thermal Imaging
PublicationThe following paper presents a simple method of determining the presence, distribution and values of heat losses from external building walls as thermodynamic partitions using a Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC). According to Fourier's equation, the value of heat loss is proportional to the temperature gradient ∂t/∂y|y=0 in air in the y direction perpendicular to the heated surface. Unfortunately, air temperature cannot be measured...
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Modelling Wetland Growing Season Rainfall Interception Losses Based on Maximum Canopy Storage Measurements
PublicationThis study estimates rainfall interception losses from natural wetland ecosystems based on maximum canopy storage measurements. Rainfall interception losses play an important role in water balance, which is crucial in wetlands, and has not yet been thoroughly studied in relation to this type of ecosystem. Maximum canopy storage was measured using the weight method. Based on these measurements, daily values of interception losses...
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On description of periodic magnetosonic perturbations in a quasi-isentropic plasma with mechanical and thermal losses and electrical resistivity
PublicationMagnetosonic periodic perturbations in a uniform and infinite plasma model are considered. Damping due to compressional viscosity, electrical resistivity, and thermal conduction are taken into account, as well as some heating–cooling function, which may destroy the isentropicity of wave perturbations. The wave vector forms arbitrary angle h with the equilibrium straight magnetic field, and all perturbations are functions...
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Endoscopic Videos Deinterlacing and On-Screen Text and Light Flashes Removal and Its Influence on Image Analysis Algorithms' Efficiency
PublicationIn this article, deinterlacing and removing on- screen text and light flashes methods on endoscopic video images are discussed. The research is intended to improve disease recognition algorithms' performance. In the article, four configurations of deinterlacing methods and another four configurations of text and flashes removal methods are described and examined. The efficiency of endoscopic video analysis algorithms is measured...
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Linear and nonlinear impedance of alkali and iron doped silicate-lead glasses
Open Research DataLinear and nonlinear impedance was studied for lead-silicate glass samples doped with iron ions and alkaline oxides. The compositions of glasses were as follows: (in %mol) 50% SiO2, 25% PbO, 15% Fe2O3 and 15% one of alkaline oxides: Na2O, K2O, Li2O. All samples were prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. The substrates were powdered...
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Magnetic properties of of lead-silicate glasses and nanocomposites doped with iron oxide
Open Research DataMagnetic properties of iron-doped glasses and glass-ceramics were studied. Two different sets of glass samples were prepared. The first group of samples has the composition of (50 − 0.5x)SiO2–(50 − 0.5x)PbO– xFe2O3, where x = 15 and 20 (in mol%). Composition of the second group was 50SiO2–(50−x)PbO–xFe2O3, where x=15, 20 and 25 (in mol%). All sampleswere...
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Electrical properties of silicate-lead glasses containing nanostructures of iron oxides.
Open Research DataElectrical properties of silicate-lead glasses doped with different content of iron oxide was studied. The set of glass samples were prepared with the composition of (50 − 0.5x)SiO2–(50 − 0.5x)PbO–xFe2O3, where x = 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (in mol%). All sampleswere prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique; the melting was conducted in...
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Barium boron aluminum silicate glass system for solid state optical gas sensors
PublicationRecent increasing demand for new eco-friendly materials and for low cost fabrication process for use in optical sensors field, raise concern about alternative materials for this application. We have designed two glass-ceramics compositions from the quaternary ROAl2O3- SiO2-B2O3(R=Ba) alkali-earth aluminum silicate system, labeled B72 and B69, with high refractive index (>1.6), large values of Abbe number (94.0 and 53.0, respectively),...