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Search results for: microwave reactors
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Low-cost EM-Simulation-based Multi-objective Design Optimization of Miniaturized Microwave Structures
PublicationIn this work, a simple yet reliable technique for fast multi-objective design optimization of miniaturized microwave structures is discussed. The proposed methodology is based on point-by-point identification of a Pareto-optimal set of designs representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting objectives such as electrical performance parameters as well as the size of the structure of interest. For the sake of computational...
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Optical emission spectroscopy of plasma generated by a waveguide-supplied microwave plasma source operated at 915MHz
PublicationIn this paper we present the results of an optical emission spectroscopic study of an atmospheric pressure microwave (915 MHz) nitrogen and nitrogen with carbon dioxide (1%) plasma at high working gas flow rate. This study was aimed at determining rotational Trot and vibrational Tvib temperatures of N+2 ions and N2, CN molecules. The plasma was generated in a waveguide-supplied cavity-resonant type microwave plasma source. All...
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Biopolyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin: structure, rheological, physical and thermal properties
PublicationThe present study examined the application of polyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin in the production of rigid polyurethane foam. Lignin was liquefed in crude glycerol and 1,4-butanediol at diferent temperatures (130–170 °C), without a catalyst and using various biomass concentrations (15 and 30 wt%). The physicochemical properties, process yield, and FTIR-based identifcation of the obtained polyols were...
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Computationally efficient two-objective optimization of compact microwave couplers through corrected domain patching
PublicationFinding an acceptable compromise between various objectives is a necessity in the design of contemporary microwave components and circuits. A primary reason is that most objectives are at least partially conflicting. For compact microwave structures, the design trade-offs are normally related to the circuit size and its electrical performance. In order to obtain comprehensive information about the best possible trade-offs, multi-objective...
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IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE
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Portable reactor with LTCC electrodes for production of plasma activated water
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The mycobiota of landfill leachates in the pretreatment process in a sequencing batch reactor
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A study on the use of the BioBall® as a biofilm carrier in a sequencing batch reactor
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Immobilized TiO2for Phenol Degradation in a Pilot-Scale Photocatalytic Reactor
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Hydrodynamic studies in magnetically assisted external-loop airlift reactor
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Hydrodynamic functions of emulsion system agitated in the draft-tube reactor
PublicationPrzeprowadzono badania podstawowe sposobu wytwarzania emulsji w reaktorze pętlicowym z mieszaniem. Badano punkt inwersji faz oraz zapotrzebowanie mocy mieszania w zależności od składu emulsji. Zaobserwowano występowanie maksimum mocy mieszania w punkcie inwersji emulsji. Zaobserwowano liniową zależność prędkości cyrkulacji ciągłej fazy wodnej od częstości obrotów mieszadła śmigłowego.
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Influence of operation of national experimental nuclear reactor on the natural environment
PublicationThis paper presents the impact of experimental nuclear reactor operations on the national environment, based on assessment reports of the radiological protection of active nuclear technology sources. Using the analysis of measurements carried out in the last 15 years, the trends are presented in selected elements of the environment on the Świerk Nuclear Centre site and its surroundings. In addition, the impact of research results...
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The Influence of Sulfate on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublicationAnaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a more comprehensive metabolism than expected - there may be other electron acceptors that oxidize ammonium nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, in addition to the well-known nitrite nitrogen, one of which is sulfate in the sulfammox process. Sulfate-containing compounds are part of the medium for the anammox process, but their concentrations are not particularly high (0.2 g MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O/dm3...
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Bioaugmentation of a sequencing batch reactor with Archaea for the treatment of reject water
PublicationIn this study, the bioaugmentation of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the treatment of reject water from wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. For the bioaugmentation step a product containing an enrichment of microorganisms from the Archaea domain was used to enhance the performance of the reactor for treating reject water. The experiment was carried out in two parallel lab-scale sequencing batch reactors. The first one...
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Spinning Fluids Reactor: A new design of a gas – liquid contactor
PublicationCurrent trends in chemical reactor design are based on adapting these to the requirements of a particular chemical process. Processes involving reactions between the gas and liquid phase in particular require precise adjustment of all parameters. The common denominator for most modern design solutions is enhancement of the mass transfer area and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Gas – liquid contactors evolved from...
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Comparison of Downdraft and Updraft Gasification of Biomass in a Fixed Bed Reactor
PublicationThe aim of this study was to compare and analyze the gasification process of beech wood. The experimental investigation was conducted inside a gasifier, which can be operated in downdraft and updraft gasification system. The most important operating parameter studied in this paper was the influence of the amount of supply air on the temperature distribution, biomass consumption and syngas calorific value. The results show that...
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Modelling of sequencing batch reactor operating at various aeration modes
PublicationThe presented study involved designing a computer model of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at laboratory scale. The data pertaining to the technical aspects of the bioreactor and quality indicators of wastewater constituted the input for the employed simulation tool, i.e. GPS-X software package. The results of a simulation involving a 12-hour operation cycle are presented in this work; each cycle included 6 phases: filling, mixing,...
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Numerical solution of fractional neutron point kinetics in nuclear reactor
PublicationThis paper presents results concerning solutions of the fractional neutron point kinetics model for a nuclear reactor. Proposed model consists of a bilinear system of fractional and ordinary differential equations. Three methods to solve the model are presented and compared. The first one entails application of discrete Grünwald-Letnikov definition of the fractional derivative in the model. Second involves building an analog scheme...
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Separation of CO2 from flue gas in air-sparged hydrocyclone (ash) reactor
PublicationPrzedmiotem badań była absorpcja dwutlenku węgla w wodnym roztworze wodorotlenku sodu, z fazy gazowej w skali laboratoryjnej i technologicznej z wykorzystaniem reaktora typu ash. Natężenie przepływu powietrza wynosiło 900 dm3/min a wodnego roztworu NaOH 15 dm3/min w skali technologicznej. Zbadano stężenie CO2, pH w fazie ciekłej, wpływ natężenia przepływu fazy gazowej i fazy ciekłej na efektywność absorpcji
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IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology
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Effects of different hydraulic models on predicting longitudinal profiles of reactive pollutants in activated sludge reactors
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wpływ dyspersji na prognozowanie stężeń azotu amonowego w komorach osadu czynnego w oczyszczalni ścieków Gdańsk-Wschód. W tym celu wykorzystano jednowymiarowe równanie adwekcji-dyspersji z członem źródłowym (szybkością nitryfikacji). Współczynnik dyspersji został wyznaczony na podstawie pomiarów znacznika fluoroscencyjnego. Model został zweryfikowany w oparciu o pomiary stężeń azotu w 6 sekcjach komory tlenowej...
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Integration of the sulfate reduction and anammox processes for enhancing sustainable nitrogen removal in granular sludge reactors
PublicationThe Anammox and Sulfate Reduction Ammonium Oxidation processes were compared in two granular sequencing batch reactors operated for 160 days under anammox conditions. It was hypothesized that increasing the concentration of SO42− may positively influence the rate of N removal under anaerobic conditions and it was tested whether SO42− reduction and anammox occur independently or are related to each other. The cooperation of N-S...
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Detection of roles of actors in social networks using the properties of actors' neighborhood structure.
PublicationArtykuł opisuje metodę identyfikacji ról aktorów sieci społecznej. Metoda ta może być szczególnie przydatna w sieciach społecznych, o których posiadamy ograniczoną wiedzę, głównie zawężoną do lokalnych powiązań pomiędzy aktorami. Przedstawiona w artykule metoda korzysta z grafu relacji społecznych, algorytmu identyfikacji ról oraz zbioru grafów wzorców relacji. Rozwiązanie zostało przetestowane w społeczności użytkowników serwisu...
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Analysis of effects of formation of non-condensable gases and water vapor during a severe accident in a boiling water nuclear reactor Analiza skutków powstawania niekondensujących gazów i pary wodnej podczas ciężkiej awarii wrzącego reaktora jądrowego
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The influence of sterilization with EnbioJet Microwave Flow Pasteurizer on composition and bioactivity of aronia and blue-berried honeysuckle juices
PublicationIn this study, fruit juices that are rich sources of anthocyanins, obtained from aronia (Am. chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa) and blueberry honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis) were used to examine the preservation of plant phytochemicals and bioactivity upon sterilization -either thermal, or with an EnbioJet microwave flow pasteurizer. The chemical properties verified included determinations of anthocyanins and other...
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Machine-Learning-Based Global Optimization of Microwave Passives with Variable-Fidelity EM Models and Response Features
PublicationMaximizing microwave passive component performance demands precise parameter tuning, particularly as modern circuits grow increasingly intricate. Yet, achieving this often requires a comprehensive approach due to their complex geometries and miniaturized structures. However, the computational burden of optimizing these components via full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations is substantial. EM analysis remains crucial for circuit...
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Residue-Pole Methods for Variability Analysis of S-parameters of Microwave Devices with 3D FEM and Mesh Deformation
PublicationThis paper presents a new approach for variability analysis of microwave devices with a high dimension of uncertain parameters. The proposed technique is based on modeling an approximation of system by its poles and residues using several modeling methods, including ordinary kriging, Adaptive Polynomial Chaos (APCE), and Support Vector Machine Regression (SVM). The computational cost is compared with the traditional Monte-Carlo...
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Phenolic compounds from Nerium oleander leaves: microwave assisted extraction, characterization, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities
PublicationA microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was used for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Nerium oleander leaves. The influence of variables such as ethanol concentration, microwave power, irradiation time and liquid/solid ratio on polyphenol extraction was modelled using a second-order regression equation based on response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for MAE were: extraction solvent 35% ethanol...
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Low-cost performance-driven modelling of compact microwave components with two-layer surrogates and gradient kriging
PublicationUtilization of electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools has become indispensable for reliable evaluation of microwave components. As the cost of an individual analysis may already be considerable, the computational overhead associated with EM-driven tasks that require massive simulations (e.g., optimization) may turn prohibitive. One of mitigation methods is the employment of equivalent network models. Yet, they are incapable of accounting...
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Fast EM-Driven Parameter Tuning of Microwave Circuits with Sparse Sensitivity Updates via Principal Directions
PublicationNumerical optimization has become more important than ever in the design of microwave components and systems, primarily as a consequence of increasing performance demands and growing complexity of the circuits. As the parameter tuning is more and more often executed using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) models, the CPU cost of the overall process tends to be excessive even for local optimization. Some ways of alleviating these issues...
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Reliable computationally-efficient behavioral modeling of microwave passives using deep learning surrogates in confined domains
PublicationThe importance of surrogate modeling techniques has been steadily growing over the recent years in high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering. Fast metamodels are employed to speedup design processes, especially those conducted at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The surrogates enable massive system evaluations at nearly EM accuracy and negligible costs, which is invaluable in parameter...
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Low-Cost Modeling of Microwave Components by Means of Two-Stage Inverse/Forward Surrogates and Domain Confinement
PublicationFull-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis is one of the most important tools in the design of modern microwave components and systems. EM simulation permits reliable evaluation of circuits at the presence of cross-coupling effects or substrate anisotropy, as well as for accounting for interactions with the immediate environment. However, repetitive analyses required by EM-driven procedures, such as parametric optimization or statistical...
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Reduced-Cost Microwave Design Closure by Multi-Resolution EM Simulations and Knowledge-Based Model Management
PublicationParameter adjustment through numerical optimization has become a commonplace of contemporary microwave engineering. Although circuit theory methods are ubiquitous in the development of microwave components, the initial designs obtained with such tools have to be further tuned to improve the system performance. This is particularly pertinent to miniaturized structures, where the cross-coupling effects cannot be adequately accounted...
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Influence of microwave treatment conditions of GTR on physico-mechanical and structural properties of NBR/NR/GTR composites
PublicationThe increasing amount of tires used in the industry induces the researchers to find alternatives to the recycling of the end-of-life tires. Several alternatives in order to application of ground tire rubber GTR include their incorporation as a filler in composites. The main issue in this approach is the lack of compatibility between GTR and polymer matrix. In order to solve this problem the devulcanization by microwaves has been...
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Variable-fidelity response feature surrogates for accelerated statistical analysis and yield estimation of compact microwave components
PublicationAccounting for manufacturing tolerances is an essential part of a reliable microwave design process. Yet, quantification of geometry and/or material parameter uncertainties is challenging at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This is due to inherently high cost of EM analysis and massive simulations necessary to conduct the statistical analysis. Here, a low-cost and accurate yield estimation procedure...
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Rapid simulation-driven design of miniaturised dual-band microwave couplers by means of adaptive response scaling
PublicationOne of the major challenges in the design of compact microwave structures is the necessity of simultaneous handling of several objectives and the fact that expensive electromagnetic (EM) analysis is required for their reliable evaluation. Design of multi-band circuits where performance requirements are to be satisfied for several frequencies at the same time is even more difficult. In this work, a computationally efficient design...
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Atomistic Surrogate-Based Optimization for Simulation-Driven Design of Computationally Expensive Microwave Circuits with Compact Footprints
PublicationA robust simulation-driven design methodology for computationally expensive microwave circuits with compact footprints has been presented. The general method introduced in this chapter is suitable for a wide class of N-port un-conventional microwave circuits constructed as a deviation from classic design solutions. Conventional electromagnetic (EM) simulation-driven design routines are generally prohibitive when applied to numerically...
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Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Microwave (915 MHz) Plasma in Atmospheric Pressure Nitrogen with Addition of Ethanol Vapour
PublicationIn this paper results of optical emission spectroscopic study of microwave 915 MHz plasma in atmospheric pressure nitrogen with an addition of ethanol vapour are presented. The plasma was generated in waveguide- -supplied cylinder-type nozzleless microwave plasma source. The aim of research was to determine the rotational Trot and vibrational Tvib temperatures of CN and C2. A method called bubbling was employed to introduce alcohol (ethanol)...
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Local response surface approximations and variable-fidelity electromagnetic simulations for computationally efficient microwave design optimisation
PublicationIn this study, the authors propose a robust and computationally efficient algorithm for simulation-driven design optimisation of microwave structures. Our technique exploits variable-fidelity electromagnetic models of the structure under consideration. The low-fidelity model is optimised using its local response surface approximation surrogates. The high-fidelity model is refined by space mapping with polynomial interpolation of...
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Cost-Efficient Two-Level Modeling of Microwave Passives Using Feature-Based Surrogates and Domain Confinement
PublicationA variety of surrogate modelling techniques has been utilized in high-frequency design over the last two decades. Yet, the curse of dimensionality still poses a serious challenge in setting up re-liable design-ready surrogates of modern microwave components. The difficulty of the model-ing task is only aggravated by nonlinearity of circuit responses. Consequently, constructing a practically usable surrogate model, valid across...
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High-Energy-Low-Temperature Technologies for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Microwaves and High Pressure
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Factors of change in the planning and control process
PublicationZmianom podlegajš wszystkie procesy realizowane w organizacji, również proces planowania i sterowania. W rozdziale przedstawiono klasyfikację czynników zmiany tego procesu i scharakteryzowano poszczególne rodzaje czynników. Przedstawiono również ogólne wytyczne dla procesu identyfikacji i pomiaru czynników zmiany procesu planowania i sterowania. Zaprezentowano też przykładowe mierniki czynników zmiany, zgodne z atrybutami modelu...
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Factors Affecting the Rheological Properties of Foods
PublicationIn this chapter, engineering aspects concerning real body mechanics and the impact of respective food ingredients on said properties are presented together. Food is a complex matrix and each of macro and micro ingredients plays its role in the formation of rheologic properties, and minor changes in the basic ingredient structure may affect the change of these properties significantly. Basic analytic techniques are presented for...
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The ranks of Indonesian and Japanese industrial sectors
PublicationThe purpose of this study is to determine the ranks of Indonesian and Japanese industrial sectors from the economic point of view. The analysis period of this study is 2005. This study employs one of the well-known analysis tools in the economic topic, the Input-Output (IO) analysis. More specifically, this study uses the analysis methods in the IO analysis, backward and forward linkages, in order to achieve the purpose. The results...
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The ranks of Indonesian and Japanese industrial sectors
PublicationThe purpose of this study is to determine the ranks of Indonesian and Japanese industrial sectors from the economic point of view. The analysis period of this study is 2005. This study employs one of the well-known analysis tools in the economic topic, the Input-Output (IO) analysis. More specifically, this study uses the analysis methods in the IO analysis, backward and forward linkages, in order to achieve the purpose. The results...
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Factors affecting the quality of bottled water
PublicationThe ever-increasing popularity of bottled water means that it is important to analyze not only its mineral content but also, above all,its content of possible contaminants, especially the organic ones. In this respect, bottled waters are a special case, because apartfrom organic chemical contaminants derived from the well from which they were acquired, their secondary contamination is alwayspossible, during treatment or storage...
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Instantaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of electrode reactions
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Reactions on the surface of the implant under the influence of biofilm
PublicationThe contact of a biomaterial with the biological environment in in vitro and in vivo tests leads to the production of a particular ecosystem in which the active roles perform both, the material surface and the extracellular matrix protein forming a biofilm. Proteins affect cell and bacteria adhesion processes, biological activity of cells and activation of inflammatory response.The knowledge of the reaction mechanisms active on...
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The reactions of dialkyl phosphites and phosphine oxides with iodosylbenzene
PublicationThe reaction of iodosylbenzene with >P(O)H type of acids (dialkyl phosphites, secondary phosphine oxides) was studied. The acids of >P(O)H type add to iodosylbenzene to yield intermediate 6 which in the aprotic solvents yields oxidation products, it means >P(O)OH acids and/or anhydride of >P(O)OP(O)< type. On the other hand if the reaction is performed in alcohol as a solvent in the presence of sodium alcoholate >P(O)OR ester is...
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Instantaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of electrode reactions.
PublicationUstalona została ciągła transformata STFT sinusoidalnego sygnału pobudzeniai odpowiedzi prądowej dla pierwszorzędowej reakcji elektrodowej. Impedancja elektrodowa wyznaczona została w łącznej dziedzinie czasowo-częstotliwościowej. Wykonano pomiary reakcji redukcji Cd(II) na kapiącej elektrodzie rtęciowej w funkcji czasu. Zaprezentowano możliwość wyznaczania chwilowych widm impedancyjnych. Opisano czasowe charakterystyki rezystancji...