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Development of an emulation platform for synchronous machine power generation system using a nonlinear functional level model
PublikacjaThe article presents the Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) approach for an autonomous power system analysis based on the synchronous generator model incorporating magnetic saturation effects. The model was prepared in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and then compiled into the C language for the PHIL platform implementation. The 150 kVA bidirectional DC/AC commercial-grade converter was used to emulate the synchronous generator....
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Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit in Power System using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms
PublikacjaThe phasor measurement units (PMUs) play an important and vital role in power system monitoring and controlling, since they provide the power system phasors stamped with a common real time reference through a global positioning system (GPS). Indeed, from economical point of view it is not possible to set PMUs in all system buses due to the high cost and the requirement of more complex communication...
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Evaluation of fire hazard in electrical installations due to unfavorable ambient thermal conditions
PublikacjaEvaluation of fire hazard caused by electrical installations is a difficult and important topic, and it limits the possibility of loss of life or health of people, as well as the occurrence of significant property damage. In particular, this hazard was caused by power cables and especially photovoltaic (PV) installations. The authors proved that power cables directly exposed to strong solar radiation are likely to exceed maximum...
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Managing the security vulnerabilities of critical systems and hazardous plants
PublikacjaRozdział poświęcono aktualnym problemom zarządzania ochroną obiektów podwyższonego ryzyka jako ważnych systemów infrastruktury krytycznej. Zarządzanie odpornością na ataki takich obiektów jest oparte na ocenach ryzyka. Podkreśla się, że występują ważne instalacje i systemy wymagające specjalnej uwagi i zabezpieczeń, szczególnie systemy kontroli dostępu do sterowni i urządzeń komunikacji. Opisuje się przykładowe technologie ochrony....
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Broken rotor symptoms in the sensorless control of induction machine
PublikacjaThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the need for a universal method for sensorless controlled induction motor drive diagnosis. The increasing number of sensorless control systems in industrial applications require a universal method for the drive diagnosis, which provides reliable diagnostic reasoning independent of control system structure and state variables measurement or estimation method.Simulations and experimental...
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Direct modulation for conventional matrix converters using analytical signals and barycentric coordinates
PublikacjaThis paper proposes the generalized direct modulation for Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) using the concept of analytical signals and barycentric coordinates. The paper proposes a novel approach to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle computing, which allows faster prototyping of direct control algorithms. The explanation of the new idea using analytical considerations demonstrating the principles of direct voltage...
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Technological innovation and cost-benefit analysis of safety-related solutions
PublikacjaW rozdziale przedstawia się aktualne zagadnienia dotyczące innowacji technologicznych oraz analizę kosztów i efektów rozwiązań związanych z bezpieczeństwem na przykładzie systemów elektrycznych, elektronicznych i programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE), pełniących funkcje monitorowania, sterowania i zabezpieczeń w instalacjach podwyższonego ryzyka. Podkreśla się znaczenie kryteriów związanych z bezpieczeństwem, takich jak tolerowalność...
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Functional safety in the context of risk appraisal criteria and cost-benefit analysis
PublikacjaRozdział przedstawia aktualne zagadnienia dotyczące analizy kosztów i efektów rozwiązań związanych z bezpieczeństwem na przykładzie systemów elektrycznych, elektronicznych i programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE) pełniących funkcje sterowania i zabezpieczeń w obiektach podwyższonego ryzyka. Podkreśla się znaczenie kryteriów związanych z bezpieczeństwem, takich jak tolerowalność ryzyka (TOR) w kontekście analizy kosztów i efektów...
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Satelitowy agregat pompowy
PublikacjaW artykule opisano najnowszą konstrukcję satelitowego agregatu pompowego charakteryzującego się tym, że pompa satelitowa jest umieszczona wewnątrz silnika elektrycznego i zasysa ciecz poprzez otwór wydrążony osiowo w wale silnika. Zastosowana w agregacie pompa satelitowa jest nowatorską konstrukcją zawierającą mechanizm satelitowy o odwróconej kinematyce znamienny tym, że planeta (wirnik) oraz płyty kompensacyjne (rozrządu) są...
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Nonlinear Fuzzy Control System for Dissolved Oxygen with Aeration System in Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublikacjaBiological processes at a wastewater treatment plant are complex, multivariable, time varying and nonlinear. Moreover, interactions between the components are very strong. Control of dissolved oxygen is one of most important task at the plant. The level of dissolved oxygen in aerobic tanks has significant influence on behaviour and activity of microorganisms at the plant. Air for aerated tanks is supplied by the aeration system...
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Stochastic optimisation algorithm for optimisation of controller parameters for control of dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment plant
PublikacjaWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are very important facilities for mankind. They enable the removal and neutralisation of man-made pollutants. Therefore, it is important for wastewater treatment plants to operate as efficiently as possible so that the level of pollutants in the treated wastewater meets specific requirements. This paper concerns the design of a hierarchical nonlinear adaptive control system for dissolved oxygen...
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Four level inverter's DC bus voltage balancing with 3-terminal DAB converter
Publikacja—Multilevel inverters become more and more popular, especially in the medium or high voltage and high power applications. Unfortunately, some of inverter topologies require additional DC bus voltage balancing systems. This paper presents a novel approach to such systems, which is based on a multiple terminal DAB converter. Along with the voltage balancing function the proposed solution enables the connection of energy storage devices...
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Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Airflow in Electrohydrodynamic Device for Dust Particle Collection
PublikacjaIn this paper the pumping effect of air in the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) device for dust particle collection is presented. To induce an airflow in this EHD device corona discharge was used. The discharge was generated between the one-sided spike electrodes and the plate electrodes. The asymmetric electric field and generated discharge resulted in a unidirectional airflow through the EHD device. The current-voltage characteristics...
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Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Airflow in Electrohydrodynamic Device for Dust Particle Collection
PublikacjaIn this paper the electrohydrodynamic (EHD)device for gas pumping and cleaning is presented. To induce an airflow in this EHD device corona discharge was used. The discharge was generated between the one-sided spike electrodes and the plate electrodes. An asymmetric electric field and generated discharge result in unidirectional gas flow through the EHD device. The current-voltage characteristics were measured and the corona discharge...
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Seismic Response of High-Rise Buildings Equipped with Base Isolation and Non-Traditional Tuned Mass Dampers
PublikacjaOne of the methods in structural control is the application of combinational control systems in order to reduce the response of structures during earthquakes. The aim of the present paper is to verify the effectiveness of a hybrid control strategy, combining base isolation and non-traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs) (i.e., TMDs with dashpots directly connected to the ground) in suppressing structural vibrations of high-rise buildings....
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Robust Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – Manipulator System with Fuzzy Compensator
PublikacjaThis paper proposes an improved Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach including a fuzzy compensator in order to track desired trajectories of autonomous Underwater Vehicle Manipulator Systems (UVMS). The tracking performance can be affected by robot dynamical model uncertainties and applied external disturbances. Nevertheless, the MPC as a known proficient nonlinear control approach should be improved by the uncertainty estimator...
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ZASTOSOWANIE MACIERZY PSEUDO ODWROTNEJ W METODACH ALOKACJI PĘDNIKÓW UKŁADU DYNAMICZNEGO POZYCJONOWANIA STATKU
PublikacjaUkłady kontroli alokacji pędników stanowią ważną część systemów dynamicznego pozycjonowania na statku. Określają one sygnały sterujące nastawami pędników, na podstawie uogólnionego wektora sił wzdłużnej, poprzecznej i momentu skręcającego, uzyskiwanych z prawa sterowania. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane algorytmy kontroli alokacji pędników, różniące się sposobem wyznaczania macierzy pseudo odwrotnej oraz algorytm bezpośredniej...
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The Influence of Limiters UEL and OEL (The power angle, stator's current and excitation current) ot the possibility of voltage collapse development
PublikacjaVoltage stability has been a major concern for power system utilities because of event of voltage collapses in the recent past. Sometimes, power system events have shown the need for generators to operate in the overexcited and underexcited region to support stable operation. Modern excitation systems include devices for controlling or limiting machine terminal voltage (overvoltage limiters), volts per hertz ratio (V/Hz limiters),...
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Voltage Control of a Stand-Alone Multiphase Doubly Fed Induction Generator
PublikacjaThis article presents a multiphase doubly fed induction generator (MDFIG) with a dedicated and unique control algorithm in a stand-alone wind energy conversion system. The algorithm has been developed and elaborated in the case of different emergency modes. Compared with the traditional double-fed induction generator, the MDFIG has increased reliability, reduced current level per phase, and low rotor harmonic currents. The control...
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Microgrid Energy Management System
PublikacjaIn the era of rapid development of "green energy” and storage devices, microgrids implemented in line with the concept of distributed generation can be an effective form of power management. There is a need for an efficient, optimal and reliable control of the combined infrastructure. The article presents a flexible, configurable microgrid's resources control system, which executes the task of meeting the electricity demand of...
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Soft Real-Time Communication with WebSocket and WebRTC Protocols Performance Analysis for Web-based Control Loops
PublikacjaThe web browser has become an access window for content and services. The browser is available on almost any device connected to the network, regardless of its intended use: desktop, mobile device, computing server, e-book reader etc. Browsers are used by people to read news, contact the world, to check a bank account, register a visit at the doctor, watching video content, electronic purchases, using web versions of the office...
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Suppression of Supply Current Harmonics of 18-Pulse Diode Rectifier by Series Active Power Filter with LC Coupling
PublikacjaThe reported research aims at improving the quality of three-phase rectifier supply currents. An effective method consists of adding properly formed booster voltages to the fundamental supply voltages using a series active filter. In the proposed solution, the booster voltages are generated by three single-phase systems consisting of inverters, LC filters, and single-phase transformers. The application of LC couplings ensures low...
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The distributed model predictive controller for the nuclear power plant turbo-generator set
PublikacjaTypically there are two main control loops with PI controllers operating at each turbo-generator set. In this paper a distributed model predictive controller DMPC, with local QDMC controllers for the turbine generator, is proposed instead of a typical PI controllers. The local QDMC controllers utilize step-response models for the controlled system components. These models parameters are determined based on the proposed black-box...
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An application for a new type of pneumatic engine concept
PublikacjaHeavy trucks are often equipped with loading and unloading systems like dock levellers with swing lip or telescopic lip. Most of these devices require hydro-electrical energy supply systems (eg. the pump that presses the working substance to the actuators must be propelled by electric engine.) The space taken by pump with electric engine can be reduced on condition that a new type of pneumatic drive will be considered. It is possible...
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CFD Simulations and Tests of a Prototype Flow Control Valve
PublikacjaIn this paper a prototype of a flow control valve is described and numerically simulated. The flow control valve is used in hydraulic systems to maintain constant fluid flow despite changing loads of a receiver. The standard construction of this type of valves is modified mainly by eliminating the spring. The prototype consists the hydrostatically unloaded throttle valve and pressure ratio valve substituting pressure difference...
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Partial Admission Stages of High Efficiency for a Microturbine
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a design analysis of a microturbine for a cogeneration micro-power plant working in accordance with organic Rankine cycle. The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be about 3 kW. After the design analysis, the axial turbine with partial admission in all stages was built and tested experimentally. Special attentionwas paid...
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Partial Admission Stages of High Efficiency for a Microturbine
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a design analysis of a micro-turbine for a co-generation micro-power plant working in accordance with organic Rankine cycle. The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be about 3kW. After the design analysis, the axial turbine with partial admission in all stages was built and tested experimentally. Special attention was...
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The Impact of Thermal Stresses on Volume Resistivity: Performance Comparison between TR-XLPE and XLPE Cables
PublikacjaMost failures in electric power cables are attributed to the development of water trees inside the insulating materials. Thus, the development and utilization of Tree Retardant Cross-Linked Polyethylene (TR-XLPE) based cables have recently been given great attention to overcome the treeing issues. TR-XLPE cables use low-density polyethylene compounds suppressing the formation of water trees while retaining excellent electrical,...
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Integrate-and-fire models with an almost periodic input function
PublikacjaWe investigate leaky integrate-and-fire models (LIF models for short) driven by Stepanov and μ-almost periodic functions. Special attention is paid to the properties of the firing map and its displacement, which give information about the spiking behavior of the considered system. We provide conditions under which such maps are well-defined and are uniformly continuous. We show that the LIF models with Stepanov almost periodic...
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Human Factors and Cognitive Engineering in Functional Safety Analysis
PublikacjaHuman factors and cognitive engineering are considered nowadays as important multidisciplinary domains that focus on improving the relations between humans, technology and systems to be supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are usually designed and implemented according to the functional safety requirements....
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Evaluation of Open Source SIEM for Situation Awareness Platform in the Smart Grid Environment
PublikacjaThe smart grid as a large-scale system of systems has an exceptionally large surface exposed to cyber-attacks, including highly evolved and sophisticated threats such as Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) or Botnets. When addressing this situation the usual cyber security technologies are prerequisite, but not sufficient. The smart grid requires developing and deploying an extensive ICT infrastructure that supports significantly...
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Voltage and frequency regulation of a standalone induction generator by reduced-rating power electronic compensators - comparative evaluation
PublikacjaIn this paper are considered two fundamental topologies of power electronic compensators for voltage and frequency control of a standalone self-excited induction generator (IG) system. These are voltage and current source inverter based shunt compensators with energy storage. The aim of this study is to assess main features of both topologies in dynamic and steady-state IG operation. The whole system is modelled with the aid of...
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Secondary arc modelling for single pole reclosing analyses
PublikacjaThe paper discusses two evaluation methods of single pole auto-reclosing process effectiveness in HV transmission lines. Secondary arc current and recovery voltage calculation results obtained by load flow calculation are compared to the results obtained by the time domain simulations. Moreover, a nonlinear secondary arc model implementation is presented. The paper presents the study results for the three types of EHV transmission...
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Predykcyjne sterowanie równoległym filtrem aktywnym ze sprzężeniem od prądu zasilającego
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia nowatorską strategię predykcyjnego sterowania równoległym energetycznym filtrem aktywnym (EFA). Proponowane sterowanie zawiera sprzężenie zwrotne od prądu zasilającego i wiąże zalety sterowania w układzie otwartym oraz zamkniętym – szybkość reakcji na zmianę prądu odbioru i bardzo wysoką skuteczność kompensacji. Wysoka jakość prądu kompensacyjnego wynika również z zastosowania w sterowaniu algorytmów predykcyjnych,...
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The influence of the fuel spray nozzle geometry on the exhaust gas composition from the marine 4-stroke diesel engine
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental research on a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged AL25/30 Diesel engine. Research consisted in investigating the effect of the geometry of the fuel injectors on the exhaust gas composition from the engine. During measurements, the engine was operated with a regulator characteristic of a load range from 40 kW to 280 kW, made by electric water resistance. The engine was mechanically coupled to the electric...
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Issues of Measuring the Course of Batch Production Processes
PublikacjaIn order to meet demands induced by development of manufacturing processes and production systems, new criteria and indicators that would allow a multiple aspect and realistic rating of batch production process courses are necessary. The objective of this paper is to present the correlation between production processes measurement, its rating and production control, basing on case study analysis from production enterprise. A new...
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Distributed measurement system with data transmission secured using XXTEA algorithm
PublikacjaThe paper deals with wireless data transmission security in the distributed measurement and control system. An overview of cryptographic algorithms was presented paying special attention to the algorithm dedicated to units with low processing power, which is important due to minimization of energy consumption. Measurement modules equipped with simple microcontrollers send data wirelessly to the central unit. The transmission was...
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Design and evaluation of a base module of active power electronic transformer
PublikacjaThis paper presents an active power electronic transformer (APET) based on modular structure. The proposed three phase APET consists of at least three base modules (BM). The input/output stage of the BM is based on half-bridge sub modules. The isolation stage includes a medium frequency transformer and is realized as a dual half-bridge. The paper describes construction process and explains the control strategy. The theoretical...
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Performance and Energy Aware Training of a Deep Neural Network in a Multi-GPU Environment with Power Capping
PublikacjaIn this paper we demonstrate that it is possible to obtain considerable improvement of performance and energy aware metrics for training of deep neural networks using a modern parallel multi-GPU system, by enforcing selected, non-default power caps on the GPUs. We measure the power and energy consumption of the whole node using a professional, certified hardware power meter. For a high performance workstation with 8 GPUs, we were...
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Tacit knowledge influence on intellectual capital and innovativeness in the healthcare sector: A cross-country study of Poland and the US
PublikacjaThis study provides empirical proof that whole organizational innovativeness is rooted in tacit knowledge due to its potency of human capital creation and, that a learning culture composed of a learning climate and mistakes acceptance component fosters human capital development. The main practical implication is that if the IC components are externally rather than internally determined in the particular organization embedded in...
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Algorytmy hybrydowe optymalizacji w zastosowaniu do problemu sterowania systemami dystrybucji wody
PublikacjaW pracy analizowany jest problem optymalizującego zintegrowanego sterowania ilością i jakością w systemach dystrybucji wody. Proponowane decyzje i sterowania powinny zapewniać optymalizację przyjętego wskaźnika jakości, przy spełnieniu ograniczeń właściwych tej klasie systemów. Ostatecznie do rozwiązania złożonych zadań optymalizacji dynamicznej zaproponowane zostało podejście hybrydowe, wspomagające predykcyjne algorytmy sterowania...
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Pipelined Two-Operand Modular Adders
PublikacjaPipelined two-operand modular adder (TOMA) is one of basic components used in digital signal processing (DSP) systems that use the residue number system (RNS). Such modular adders are used in binary/residue and residue/binary converters, residue multipliers and scalers as well as within residue processing channels. The structure of pipelined TOMAs is usually obtained by inserting an appropriate number of pipeline register layers within...
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Nonlinear control of five phase induction motor with synchronized third harmonic flux injection
PublikacjaThe paper deals with the novel control system for five phase induction motor (IM) that enables the injection of the rotor flux 3rd harmonic component. Two multiscalar models are transformed from the 1-1 and 2-2 vector models developed in the 1st and 3rd harmonic planes. Based on the obtained multiscalar models the synthesis of dual multiscalar control is established. The obtained two multiscalar control systems can independently...
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NEW SOLUTIONS FOR THE SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLERS DESIGN FOR OBTAINING TRUE MPP IN PARTLY SHADED PV MODULES
PublikacjaSoft shading sources such as tree limbs, structural elements of buildings and chimneys, scatter and refract sunlight, significantly reducing the amount of radiation reaching the surface of the module. The hard shadings located directly on the surface (i.e. bird droppings, leaves, snow) tend to stop sunlight completely. These phenomena significantly affects the output characteristics of photovoltaic modules and often contribute...
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Miernictwo elektryczne na politechnice w Gdańsku w latach 1904–1945
PublikacjaPolitechnika Gdańska została utworzona w 1904 roku. Działalność uczelni nierozerwalnie związana była z losami Gdańska, dlatego w jej historii do 1945 roku można wyróżnić trzy okresy: pruski, Wolnego Miasta Gdańska oraz czasy drugiej wojny światowej. Od początku, jednym z ważniejszych kierunków nauczania była elektrotechnika. Postęp w elektrotechnice nie był możliwy bez rozwoju miernictwa elektrycznego, dlatego przez cały czas działania...
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Measurements of ASON/GMPLS connection control layer performance according to the ETSI methodology
PublikacjaMeasurements of performance have always been crucial for evaluation of telecommunication systems, especially for implementation of network control elements responsible for connection handling which regards to bandwidth reservation, modification and release. That problem also arises in Automatically Switched Optical Network/Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (ASON/GMLPS) architecture, which is considered as one of the components...
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Modification of the operating point of residual current transformers for high frequency earth fault currents detection
PublikacjaFor protection against electric shock in low voltage systems residual current devices are commonly used. However, their proper operation can be interfered when earth fault current with high frequency components occurs. Serious hazard of electrocution exists then. One of the most important element of residual current devices is a residual current transformer with iron core. Tripping characteristic of residual current devices strictly...
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The Conception of Decision-Making Support System for ComplexEnergetic System on Example of Ship Propulsion System
PublikacjaIn paper, the conception of decision-making support system for complex energetic system on example of ship propulsion system has been presented. Diversity of conditions, information overload and very often contradiction of decision-making criteria and time constraints result in difficulties in making right (rational) decision without using more or less expanded information processing systems (eg. database systems, expert systems,...
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Analysis of the regenerative braking process for the urban traffic conditions
PublikacjaIn a regular drive system, with an internal combustion engine, vehicle braking is connected with the unproductive dissipation of kinetic and potential energy accumulated in the mass of the vehicle into the environment. This energy can constitute up to 70% of the energy used to drive a vehicle under urban conditions. Its recovery and reuse is one of the basic advantages of hybrid and electric vehicles. Modern traffic management...
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Towards an analysis framework for operational risk coupling mode: A case from MASS navigating in restricted waters
PublikacjaMaritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) constitute highly interconnected and tightly coupled multistate systems. Incorporating the coupling effects of both interactions and dependencies is centrally important to ensure navigation safety of MASSs. This paper proposes a framework for examining the coupling effects in the operational modes (OM) of MASSs. Failure Modes (FMs) of MASSs related to interactions with the environment and...