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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS
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Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
PublikacjaThe experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2,...
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Upgrading low value-added activities in global value chains: a functional specialisation approach
PublikacjaThis paper aims to identify patterns of functional specialisation (FS) in global value chains (GVCs) and determinants of upgrading them for selected Central Eastern European (CEE) economies. By combing the World Input-Output Database with data on occupations, we reveal a new FS pattern among subgroups of CEEs. Poland and Slovakia have an unfavourable GVC position and specialise in low value-added fabrication function. In contrast,...
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Low-cost multi-objective optimization of antennas using Pareto front exploration and response features
PublikacjaIn the paper, a procedure for low-cost multi-objective optimization of antenna structures is presented. Our approach is based on exploration of the Pareto front representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting objectives, here, the structure size and its electrical performance. Starting from the design representing the best in-band reflection level, subsequent Pareto-optimal designs are identified through local constrained...
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Machine Learning- and Artificial Intelligence-Derived Prediction for Home Smart Energy Systems with PV Installation and Battery Energy Storage
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PROBLEMS OF THE STARTING AND OPERATING OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (PART IV) MODELLING THE HEATING PROCESS AND DETERMINING THE SERVICEABILITY OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS DURING THE STARTING-UP IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
PublikacjaDesigners of hydraulically driven machines and devices are obliged to ensure during design process their high service life with taking into account their operational conditions. Some of the machines may be started in low ambient temperature and even in thermal shock conditions (due to delivering hot working medium to cold components). In order to put such devices into operation appropriate investigations, including experimental...
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Effect of Linear Energy and Microstructure on the Content of Residual Hydrogen in Welded Joints made of Superduplex Steels
PublikacjaThe article presents tests concerning the content of retained hydrogen present in FCAW and SAW welded joints made of superduplex steel. The use of various welding technologies resulted in the obtainment of welds having different microstructures and ferrite contents. Measurements of retained hydrogen present in joints (performed using the complete combustion method) revealed various contents of hydrogen in the base material and...
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Quasi-discrete modelling of PMSM phase currents in drives with low switching-to-fundamental frequency ratio
PublikacjaThis study proposes a new quasi-discrete approach to modelling the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The quasi-discrete modelling reflects the impact of continuous rotor movement, which takes place during a control cycle, on the shape of motor current waveforms. This provides much improvement in current modelling accuracy under inverter low switching-to-fundamental frequency operation. The proposed approach may be used...
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Inhomogeneity of low-noise wearing courses evaluated by tire/road noise measurements using the close-proximity method
PublikacjaPerforming numerous analyses of tire/road noise measurements on low-noise pavements during the last several years, the authors observed significant inhomogeneity of the wearing course in numerous cases, while similar problems were almost non-existent when dense pavements were measured. Three main causes of low-noise pavement inhomogeneity can be defined. The first one is imperfections in the technology used for asphalt mix production...
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Recent progress in ultra-low formaldehyde emitting adhesive systems and formaldehyde scavengers in wood-based panels: a review
PublikacjaTraditional wood-based panels are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their numerous advantages, such as chemical versatility, high reactivity and excellent adhesive performance, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mostly free formaldehyde...
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Application of thin diamond films in low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry Pérot displacement sensor
PublikacjaThe novel fiber-optic low coherence sensor with thin diamond films is demonstrated. The undoped and boron-doped diamond films were elaborated by the use of the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (μPE CVD) system. The optical signal from the Fabry–Pérot cavity made with the application of those thin films is sensitive to displacement. The sensor characterization was made in the range of 0–600 μm. The measurements...
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Effects of Surface Energy and Surface Residual Stresses on Vibro-Thermal Analysis of Chiral, Zigzag, and Armchair Types of SWCNTs Using Refined Beam Theory
PublikacjaIn this article, vibration characteristics of three different types of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) such as armchair, chiral, and zigzag carbon nanotubes have been investigated considering the effects of surface energy and surface residual stresses. The nanotubes are embedded in the elastic substrate of the Winkler type and are also exposed to low and high-temperature environments. A new refined beam theory namely, one-variable...
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Effect of bitumen characteristics obtained according to EN and Superpave specifications on asphalt mixture performance in low-temperature laboratory tests
PublikacjaThe paper aims to identify those characteristics of bitumen which have the greatest impact on asphalt mixture low-temperature performance. It was observed that stiffness and m-value of bitumen from BBR test were moderately related to stiffness and m-value of asphalt mixture obtained from 3 PB test. Simultaneously those rheological properties significantly impact on cryogenic stresses induced during TSRST test. The multiple regression...
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Water needs of production of biomass for energy in Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono polskie zamierzenia polityczne dotyczące rozwoju produkcji biomasy do celów energetycznych. Produkcja biomasy wymagać będzie zwiększonego zużycia wody przez rośliny. Wprawdzie w Polsce potrzeby wodne roślin energetycznych będą 2-3 krotnie niższe niż w krajach śródziemnomorskich, tym niemniej opady atmosferyczne w Polsce będą niewystarczające i potrzeby wodne wymagać będą nawodnień na poziomie 50% aktualnych opadów...
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Energy levels in CaWO4:Tb3+ at high pressure
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Numerical simulation of energy buoy motion in wave
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono opis numerycznej metody modelowania ruchu boi energetycznej na fali. Wyniki obliczeń porównano z wynikami otrzymanymi z badań modelowych przeprowadzonych w basenie hydromechanicznym.
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Research of energy efficiency of laboratory photovoltaic installation
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Energy of change in commercial, innovative and inteligent spaces
PublikacjaW artykule miasto zostanie zakwalifikowane do przestrzeni komercyjnych, które charakteryzuje ciągłe dążenie do atrakcyjności. Napędza to wykorzystywanie rozwiązań innowacyjnych w zakresie kształtowania przestrzeni, będących nowym źródłem miejskiej energii. W artykule uwaga skupi się innowacyjności przestrzeni, wynikającej z udziału technologii informacyjnych, które na styku z architekturą i sztuką czynią tą przestrzeń inteligentną....
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy: Current State and Prospects
PublikacjaThe last two decades of the twentieth century represented a period of above-average, systematic growth of formal and informal interdependencies between economies of different countries and between world markets. The intensity, magnitude, and diversity of these interdependencies have never been recorded before in economic history, and the market transformations taking place have been referred to in the literature as the process...
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Analysis of the interfacial energy of GaAs-Si hetrostructures
PublikacjaPrzeprowadzono obliczenia numeryczne energii powierzchni heterogranicy GaAs-Si z zastosowaniem półempirycznego modelu czteroparametrycznego Acklanda. Pokazano zależność energii heterogranicy od orientacji podłoża Si. Minima energetyczne otrzymano dla orientacji Si równych (011), (133), (112) i (113) co wskazuje ich zastosowanie do epitaksjalnego wzrostu warstw GaAs.
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Adiabatic potential energy surfaces of the vinoxy radical
PublikacjaZostały obliczone powierzchnie energetyczne stanu podstawowego i dwóch najniższych stanów wzbudzonych.
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Energy optimisation in resilient self-stabilizing processes
PublikacjaW pracy rozważa się rozproszony model obliczeń, w którym struktura systemu jest reprezentowana przez graf bezpośrednich połączeń komunikacyjnych. W tym modelu podajemy nowy samostabilizujący algorytm kolorowania grafów oparty na konstrukcji drzewa spinającego. Zgodnie z naszą wiedzą jest to pierwszy algorytm z gwarantowaną wielomianową liczbą ruchów, który dokładnie koloruje grafy dwudzielne.
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Onboard Energy Storage and Power Management Systems forAll-Electric Cargo Vessel Concept
PublikacjaThis paper presents an innovative approach to the design of a forthcoming, fully electric-powered cargo vessel. This work begins by defining problems that need to be solved when designingvessels of this kind. Using available literature and market research, a solution for the design of apower management system and a battery management system for a cargo vessel of up to 1504 TEUcapacity was developed. The proposed solution contains...
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Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress
PublikacjaWelding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial...
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SMART AND RESILIENT CITIES – NEW CHALLENGES FOR POLISH CITIES IN TERMS OF 2020 BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION.
PublikacjaGlobal climate change action along with energy efficiency optimizations are becoming increasingly pressing principles in terms of moving towards sustainable development. As a member of EU and UN Poland is also obliged to follow restricted rules concerning energy efficiency of buildings which come to force in 2020. To meet new goals, innovative approaches - like moving towards smart and resilient cities -may be required. Through...
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Linear-scaling calculation of Hartree-Fock exchange energy with Non-orthogonal Generalised Wannier Functions
PublikacjaWe present a method for the calculation of four-centre two-electron repulsion integrals in terms of localised non-orthogonal generalised Wannier functions (NGWFs). Our method has been imple- mented in the ONETEP program and is used to compute the Hartree-Fock exchange energy component of Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with hybrid exchange-correlation functionals. As the NGWFs are optimised in situ...
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Experimental Study of Flow Rate in Hydraulic Satellite Motor with the Rotating Case at a Low Constant Rotational Speed
PublikacjaIn this article was described the methodology for the experimental study of flows in the prototype of a satellite hydraulic motor with a rotating body. The experimental tests of the motor were carried out at a low constant rotational speed in a wide range of pressure drop in this motor. The constant rotational speed of the motor was kept by a worm gear. Based on the test results, the leakage characteristics in the flat gaps of...
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Hybrid Multi-Criteria Method of Analyzing the Location of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources
PublikacjaThis paper presents the development and the application of a hybrid multi-criteria method, the combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and numerical taxonomy (NT),to support the decision making on the location of distributed renewable energy sources meetingvarious types of assessment criteria. Finding criteria weights, using the AHP method, eliminates thedisadvantage of NT—which, in current form, is defined by its...
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Sestaveni Smerne Krivky Modulu Tuhosti Pro Zkoumani Nizkotrplotnich Vlastnosti (Developing of Stiffness Master Curve for Analysis of Low Temperature Properties)
PublikacjaV prispevku je predstaven novy postup pro sestrojeni smernych tuhostnich krivek. Nizkoteplotni vlastnosti asfaltove smesi byly stanoveny za vyuziti zkousky dotvarovani pri tribodovem ohybu. Motivem tohoto vyzkumu je skutecnost, ze metody hodnoceni nizkoteplotniho chovani asfaltovych smesi, nove zavedenych v Polsku, nejsou dostatecne. V zaveru jsou prezentovany smerne krivky tuhosti beznych asfaltovych smesi vyuzivanych v Polsku.
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A simplified energy dissipation based model of heat transfer for post-dryout flow boiling
Publikacjamodel for post dryout mist flow heat transfer is presented based on considerations of energy dissipation in the flow. The model is an extension of authors own model developed earlier for saturated and subcooled flow boiling. In the former version of the model the heat transfer coefficient for the liquid singlephase convection as a reference was used, due to the lack of the appropriate model for heat transfer coefficient for the...
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The Energy Potential of the Lower Vistula River in the Context of the Adaptation of Polish Inland Waterways to the Standards of Routes of International Importance
PublikacjaBased on new policies of the European Union, green technologies are to be mostly considered for power generation. Hydropower generation is one of the essential elements of sustainable energy production. Therefore, specific attention, both economically and technically, needs to be given to this sector of energy production. The Vistula River in Poland is considered an international waterway. The power production potential of the...
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Normalized Partial Scattering Cross Section for Performance Evaluation of Low-Observability Scattering Structures
PublikacjaThe development of diffusion metasurfaces created new opportunities to elevate the stealthiness of combat aircraft. Despite the potential significance of metasurfaces, their rigorous design methodologies are still lacking, especially in the context of meticulous control over the scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves through geometry parameter tuning. Another practical issue is insufficiency of the existing performance metrics,...
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Low-Cost Embedded Control System for Environmental Monitoring
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Analog multiplier for a low-power integrated image sensor
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia nowe podejście do projektowania tanich niskomocowych zintegrowanych sensorów optycznych. W odróżnieniu od wcześniej stosowanych rozwiązań opartych na masowym przetwarzaniu równoległym, zaproponowany mnożnik macierzowy charakteryzuje się korzystniejszymi cechami. Proponowane rozwiązanie, chociaż mniej elastyczne w sensie liczby możliwych do zaimplementowania algorytmów wstępnej obróbki obrazu, cechuje się znaczącą...
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Analog multiplier for a low-power integrated image sensor
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia nowe podejście do projektowania tanich niskomocowych zintegrowanych sensorów optycznych. W odróżnieniu od wcześniej stosowanych rozwiązań opartych na masowym przetwarzaniu równoległym, zaproponowany mnożnik macierzowy charakteryzuje się korzystniejszymi cechami. Proponowane rozwiązanie, chociaż mniej elastyczne w sensie liczby możliwych do zaimplementowania algorytmów wstępnej obróbki obrazu, cechuje się znaczącą...
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Low sulphur coal combustion - Optimisation of boiler tunings.
PublikacjaBadaniami w ramach projektu objęto przede wszystkim kotły parowe oraz układy wspomagające, takie jak: podajniki węgla, młyny, wentylatory, instalacje oczyszczania spalin. Badania eksperymentalne przeprowadzono na obiektach Elektrociepłowni Kraków, natomiast obliczenia numeryczne zostały wykonane przez Politechnikę Wrocławska we współpracy z firmą R&D EDF. Sformułowano szereg konkretnych wytycznych do przeprowadzenia niezbędnych...
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Development of low noise CCD readout front-end
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Development of low noise CCD readout front-end
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Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehyde Inhibitors of Cathepsin G
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Influence of the Adsorption Bed Composition on the Low-Pressure Fluidization
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CMOS Low-Dropout Regulator With Improved Time Response
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono nową konfigurację regulatora o obniżonym spadku napięcia, w którym wykorzystano stopień wyjściowy z równoległym sprzężeniem napięciowym. Dzięki obniżonej rezystancji wyjściowej stopnia, uzyskano poprawę odpowiedzi impulsowej regulatora na szybką zmianę prądu wyjściowego.
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Smart Graphite–Cement Composites with Low Percolation Threshold
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Low-Sulphur Marine Fuels—Panacea or a New Threat?
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Low-Cost Underwater Communication System: A Pilot Study
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Criteria for selection of working fluid in low-temperature ORC
PublikacjaThe economics of an ORC system is strictly linked to thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. A bad choice of working fluid could lead to a less efficient and expensive plant/generation unit. Some selection criteria have been put forward by various authors, incorporating thermodynamic properties, provided in literature but these do not have a general character. In the paper a simple analysis has been carried out which resulted...
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A High-Efficient Low-Voltage Rectifier for CMOS Technology
PublikacjaA new configuration of rectifier suiting CMOS technology is presented. The rectifier consists of only two nchannel MOS transistors, two capacitors and two resistors; for this reason it is very favourable in manufacturing in CMOS technology. With these features the rectifier is easy to design and cheap in production. Despite its simplicity, the rectifier has relatively good characteristics, the voltage and power efficiency, and...
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Low-coherence photonic method of electrochemical processes monitoring
PublikacjaWe present an advanced multimodality characterization platform for simultaneous optical and electrochemical measurements of ferrocyanides. Specifcally, we combined a fber-optic Fabry– Perot interferometer with a three-electrode electrochemical setup to demonstrate a proof-ofprinciple of this hybrid characterization approach, and obtained feasibility data in its monitoring of electrochemical reactions in a boron-doped diamond flm...
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Biological hazards in low noise, poroelastic road surfaces
PublikacjaDrainage pavements as well as poroelastic pavements ("PERS") are a very efficient way to decrease traffic noise by reducing tire/road noise at the source as well as noise propagation over the road surface. Many noise generating mechanisms at the tire/road interface are very much reduced by road porosity (pipe resonance, "air pumping", Helmholtz resonance and the horn effect). A well-designed porous or poroelastic road surface may...
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Multiple-scattering and electron-uracil collisions at low energies
PublikacjaDyskutowany jest związek dwóch znanych metod w teorii rozpraszania elektronów na cząsteczkach : potencjałów zerowego promieniu i metody potencjałów "muffin-tin". Rozwój obu metod pozwala na stworzenie nowej techniki obliczenia parcjalnych faz i przekrojów czynnych w nazwanej teorii. Technika ta ma zastosowanie do zagadnienia dotyczącego układu elektron-uracil.
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Low-cost handheld multiprobe reflectometer for the ism band
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiona została procedura oraz działający model taniego miernika współczynnika odbicia na pasmo ISM. Koncepcja modelu oparta jest o reflektometr z multi próbkowaniem oraz wykorzystanie zintegrowanego detektora mocy firmy Analog Devices. Prototypowy miernik z interfejsem został zbudowany. Wyniki symulacji oraz eksperymentu zostały przedstawione.
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Optical low-coherence interferometry for selected technical applications
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne podstawy optycznej interferometrii niskokoherentnej i przedyskutowano jej unikatowe właściwości. Opisano w nim opracowany przez autorów system OCT przeznaczony do badań strukturalnych materiałów technicznych. Badania te obejmują także zmiany stanu polaryzacji promieniowania rozproszonego w badanym obiekcie. W artykule zawarto wyniki badań wybranych materiałów silnie rozpraszających promieniowanie...