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Polypyrrole based gas sensor for ammonia detection
PublikacjaThe nature of polypyrrole response to toxic gases does not allow using the sensor in a conventional way. The main aim of this study is to acquire the information about the concentration using different approaches: a linear approximation, a non-linear approximation and a tangent method. In this paper a two-steps procedure for sensor response measurements has been utilized. Polypyrrole films were electrochemically synthesized on...
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Problems of gas detection by resistance fluctuations in gas sensors
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono problemy budowy dystrybutora gazów oraz próbek zapachowych do badań sensorów gazu. Podano układ elektroniczny wykorzystywany do rejestracji fluktuacji rezystancji obserwowany w czujnikach gazu. Załączono przykładowe wyniki obserwacji sygnałów losowych.
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Thermal self-action effects of acoustic beam in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublikacjaThermal self-action of acoustic beam in a molecular gas with excited internal degrees of molecules’ freedom, is studied. This kind of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Heating or cooling of a medium takes place due to transfer of internal vibrational energy. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium gases, which may be acoustically active, are considered. A beam in an acoustically active gas is self-focusing unlike...
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EVALUATION OF LIQUID-GAS FLOW IN PIPELINE USING GAMMA-RAY ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE AND ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING
PublikacjaLiquid-gas flows in pipelines appear in many industrial processes, e.g. in the nuclear, mining, and oil industry. The gamma-absorption technique is one of the methods that can be successfully applied to study such flows. This paper presents the use of thegamma-absorption method to determine the water-air flow parameters in a horizontal pipeline. Three flow types were studied in this work: plug, transitional plug-bubble,...
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Wavelet Transform Analysis of Temperature Modulated Gas Sensor Response
PublikacjaThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether it is possible to extract the information about the gas concentration despite the influence of humidity. Commercial semiconductor sensor response was examined under the application of a periodic temperature change. The data was collected using measurement protocol for different concentrations of ammonia at specified levels of relative humidity. In this work we focused on the evaluation...
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An electronic nose based on the semiconducting and electrochemical gas sensors
PublikacjaThe practical application of human nose for fragrance recognition is severely limited by the fact that our sense of smell is subjective and gets tired easily. Consequently, there is a significant need for an instrument that can be a substitution of the human sense of smell. Development of an electronic nose devices is an active area of research starting from pioneering research of Dodd and Persuad in the mid-1980s. Such systems...
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Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow's gas turbine by steam injection - thermodynamic overview
PublikacjaThe impact of steam injection upon a gas turbine and a combined power plant performance has been investigated. This article describes and summarizes possibilities of modification for current gas turbine in PGE Gorzow power plant into the Cheng cycle. Our modification deals with a thermal cycle, in which steam produced in a heat recovery steam generator is injected into the gas turbine's combustion chamber. It has been proved that...
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Fluctuation-enhanced scent sensing using a single gas sensor
PublikacjaScent or aroma sensing during aromatherapy can be carried out by applying only a single resistance gas sensor (TGS - Taguchi Gas Sensors). This paper considers the efficiency of detection of essential oils by DC resistance and its fluctuations observed in TGS sensors. A detailed study has been conducted for scents emitted by five popular essential oils using three sensor types (TGS 2600, TGS 2602, TGS 823). The research was focused...
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Extended non-linear relations of elastic shells undergoing phase transitions
PublikacjaThe non-linear theory of elastic shells undergoing phase transitions was proposed by two first authors in J. Elast. 79, 67-86 (2004). In the present paper the theory is extended by taking into account also the elastic strain energy density of the curvilinear phase interface as well as the resultant forces and couples acting along the interface surface curve itself. All shell relations are found from the variational principle of...
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Comparison of an Electronic Nose Based on Ultrafast Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, and Sensory Evaluation for an Analysis of Type of Whisky
PublikacjaWhisky is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. There are many types of whisky, for example, Scotch, Irish, and American whisky (called bourbon). The whisky market is highly diversified, and, because of this, it is important to have a method which would enable rapid quality evaluation and authentication of the type of whisky. The aim of this work was to compare 3 methods: an electronic nose based on the technology of ultrafast...
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Control of mass concentration of reagents by sound in a gas with nonequilibrium chemical reactions
PublikacjaThe weakly nonlinear dynamics of a chemically reacting gas is studied. Nonlinear interaction of acoustic and nonacoustic types of motion are considered. We decompose the base equations using the relationships of the gas-dynamic perturbations specific for every type of motion. The governing equation for the mass fraction of a reagent influenced by dominating sound is derived and discussed. The conclusions concern the equilibrium...
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Separation of Volatile Oxygen-containing Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography - selectivity comparison of different polarity stationary phases
PublikacjaThis paper present a results of the separation of 36 reference compounds belonging to the group of Volatile Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds (OVOCs) using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and three stationary phases of different polarity. A selectivity has been studied regarding to OVOCs and n -alkanes. The most useful for the separation of the group OVOCs is a polar ionic liquid stationary...
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Principles and Developments of Solid-Phase Microextraction
PublikacjaSample preparation has been commonly considered a critical step of the analytical process. In this sense, remarkable efforts have been made to develop efficient sample preparation techniques which could overcome the limitations of conventional approaches. Since its inception in the early 1990’s, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has become a widespread miniaturized sample preparation technique for extraction and preconcentration...
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Ionic thermoelectric effect in Cu2-δSe during phase transition
PublikacjaThe ionic Seebeck coefficient was studied in copper selenide with Cu1.99Se, Cu1.95Se and Cu1.8Se stoichiometry which was synthesized with a melt crystallization method. To measure the ionic Seebeck coefficient of copper ions, 0.15C6H12N4CH3I + 0.85CuI solid-state electrolyte was prepared. Electrolyte layers were pressed with copper selenide powder into a sandwich-like structure. At the temperature of 410 K, the materials have ionic...
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The effects of gas exposure on the graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure under UV irradiation
PublikacjaThis work demonstrates a graphene/AlGaN/GaN sensing device with two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) toward nitrogen dioxide (NO2), tetrahydrofuran, and acetone detection under UV light irradiation. We propose combining measurements of the DC characteristics with a fluctuation-enhanced sensing method to provide insight into the gas detection mechanisms in the synergistic structure of highly stable GaN and gas-sensitive graphene....
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Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre catings
PublikacjaThis critical review presents information on known and innovative approaches to the manufacture of fibre coatings used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The properties, advantages and drawbacks of the different types of commercially available SPME fibre coatings are discussed in detail, as are those of novel types of coatings and the methodologies of their preparation. The applications of fibre coatings in the solid-phase...
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Experimental investigation of domestic gas boiler fitted with ORC module
PublikacjaIn the paper the prototype of innovative domestic cogenerative ORC system, consisting of a conventional gas boiler and a small size axial vapour microturbines (in-house designed for ORC and the commercially available for Rankine cycle (RC)), evaporator and condenser were scrutinised. In the course of study the fluid working temperatures, rates of heat, electricity generation and efficiency of the whole system were obtained. The...
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Time Delay Estimation in Two-Phase Flow Investigation Using the γ-Ray Attenuation Technique.
PublikacjaTime delay estimation is an important research question having many applications in a range of technologies. Measurement of a two-phase flow in a pipeline or an open channel using radioisotopes is an example of such application. For instance, the determination of velocity of dispersed phase in that case is based on estimation of the time delay between two stochastic signals provided by scintillation probes. The proper analysis...
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Development of Gas Sensor Array for Methane Reforming Process Monitoring
PublikacjaThe article presents a new method of monitoring and assessing the course of the dry methane reforming process with the use of a gas sensor array. Nine commercially available TGS chemical gas sensors were used to construct the array (seven metal oxide sensors and two electrochemical ones). Principal Component Regression (PCR) was used as a calibration method. The developed PCR models were used to determine the quantitative parameters...
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Preparation and characterization of asphaltene based adsorbents for gas-solid adsorption systems
PublikacjaThe dissertation presents results of the experimental research on asphaltene-based adsorbents (support coated with asphaltene layer) for gas-solid adsorption systems, with special reference to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal from gas streams. Analysis of gas adsorption properties revealed that asphaltenes isolated from oxidized bitumen have strong affinity toward VOCs. Interactions with target gas molecules, and selectivity...
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Thermal failure of a second rotor stage in heavy duty gas turbine
PublikacjaThe impulse mode of operation and the supply of various types of fuels causes frequent failures even in the heavy duty gas turbines. The paper presents the ravages of second rotor stage failure in a gas turbine. The excessive thermal elongation rise caused by fuel change was indicated as the main cause. We applied nonlinear numerical analysis, preceded by thermodynamic calculations of the turbine and visual inspection of the effects...
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Inlet air fogging of marine gas turbine in power output loss compensation
PublikacjaThe use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in the literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application to gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the dynamic data is evaluated,...
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Low and high energy explosive materials used in shale gas recovery
PublikacjaNowadays the explosives are widely used in many areas of life, including industry and mining. A wide range of explosive materials is used in the petroleum industry - from low to high explosives. Recently, as the unconventional oil and gas production became possible, explosives are also found to be used in perforators during the pre-completion stage of the fracturing process. This paper presents literature on theoretical and practical...
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Green aspects, developments and perspectives of liquid phase microextraction techniques
PublikacjaDetermination of analytes at trace levels in complex samples (e.g. biological or contaminated water or soils) are often required for the environmental assessment and monitoring as well as for scientific research in the field of environmental pollution. A limited number of analytical techniques are sensitive enough for the direct determination of trace components in samples and, because of that, a preliminary step of the analyte...
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Domestic ORC micro-CHP combined with a commercial gas boiler
PublikacjaThe chapter presents the results of experimental studies conducted during the launch of the first in Poland demonstration prototype of the micro ORC coupled to a domestic gas boiler. The accomplished studies indicated the possibility for the ORC module to work with such boiler (autonomous source of heat) with a prototype single-stage axial micro turbine as the expansion machine. Confirmation of that fact has been delineated in...
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Special Issue on “Advanced Liquid Waste and Gas Waste Treatment Processes”
PublikacjaThe editorial contains a short review of the content of the Special Issue on waste gas and liquid streams treatment strategies.
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Non-Wave Variations in Temperature Caused by Sound in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublikacjaA weakly nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes in the field of sound in a gas is considered. An exotericchemical reaction of A->B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Two types of sound areconsidered, low-frequency and high-frequency as compared with the characteristic time of a chemical reaction.For both these cases, the governing equations of non-acoustic modes are derived and conclusions of the efficiencyof...
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CuO-decorated MOF derived ZnO polyhedral nanostructures for exceptional H2S gas detection
PublikacjaConsidering that H2S is a hazardous gas that poses a significant risk to people's lives, research into H2S gas sensors has garnered a lot of interest. This work reports a CuO/ZnO multifaceted nanostructures(NS) created by heat treating Cu2+/ZIF-8 impregnation precursors, and their microstructure and gas sensing characteristics were examined using various characterization techniques (XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and BET). The as-prepared...
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Non-Linear Interaction of Harmonic Waves in a Quasi-Isentropic Flow of Magnetic Gas
PublikacjaThe diversity of wave modes in the magnetic gas gives rise to a wide variety of nonlinear phenomenaassociated with these modes. We focus on the planar fast and slow magnetosound waves in the geometryof a flow where the wave vector forms an arbitrary angleθwith the equilibrium straight magnetic field.Nonlinear distortions of a modulated signal in the magnetic gas are considered and compared to thatin unmagnetised gas. The case of...
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Operational causes of fatigue failures within the passages of gas turbine engines
PublikacjaThe short profile of a fatigue wear process of gas turbine engine's constructional elements has been introduced in the article. The primary causes of a fatigue cracks formation within the mechanical system as well as within the passages of the engine have been showed. Especial attention was devoted to the low-cycle fatigue, what is associated with unsteady thermal-flow processes being worked out in the passages.The selected damages...
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On continuity conditions at the phase interface of two-phase elastic shells
PublikacjaW pracy rozwinięto ogólną nieliniową teorię powłok sprężystych podlegających przejściom fazowym typu martenzytowego. Przedstawione sformułowanie oparte jest na statycznie i kinematycznie ścisłym modelu powłokowym. Uwzględniono gęstośc energii odkształcenia, jak również siły i momenty zadane wzdłuż krzywoliniowego przejścia fazowego. W szczególności otrzymano statyczne warunki ciągłości wzdłuż koherentnego połączenia oraz połączenia...
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Fault-tolerant performance of the novel five-phase doubly-fed induction generator
PublikacjaThe article presents the concept of a new design of a multi-phase doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The innovative design approach uses a five-phase power supply from the rotor side of the generator with a three-phase classic stator power supply. Modern three-phase doubly-fed induction generators are the dominant choice for Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). Solutions of this type are sensitive to the loss of at least...
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Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis
PublikacjaThe development of instrumental analytical techniques provided the opportunity for in-depth characterization of many food matrices. In particular, the use of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry gives impressive results in terms of quality and authenticity testing, conducting food freshness evaluations and contamination assessments. A new variant of gas chromatography, namely two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC...
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The high impedance measuring probe for gain-phase analysers.
PublikacjaAutorzy opracowali tanią sondę pomiarową przeznaczoną do pracy z analizatorami gain-phase jak Solartron 1260 Impedance/Gain-phase Analyser, 1255 Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) lub starszymi wersjami 1250, 1253. Przedstawiona architektura sondy wyznacza jej parametry metrologiczne. Pomiary możliwe są w 8 zakresach obejmujących wartości 100ohm<|Zx|<100Gohm w szerokim zakresie częstotliwości 10uHz-1MHz. Obwód wejściowy sondy pozwala...
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Novel sorptive extraction techniques in bioanalysis evaluated by Blue Applicability Grade Index: The paradigm of fabric phase sorptive extraction and capsule phase microextraction
PublikacjaFabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) and capsule phase microextraction (CPME) are two sol-gel derived microextraction techniques that emerged in the last decade towards the minimization of the environmental impact of conventional sample preparation approaches. Complementary to the well-established green metric tools, Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was recently proposed for the evaluation of method’s practicability. In...
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Single and Three -Phase PWM AC/AC Converters as Semiconductor Transformers
PublikacjaAC voltage transformation circuits contain pure or reactance PWM AC/AC converters. These circuits can be treated as AC/AC semiconductor transformers. This paper reviews single-phase and three-phase topologies: both non-isolated and isolated, single as well as two quadrant structure. Additionally, this paper present selected examples of their applications.
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Degradation of protective coatings in steel chimneys of flue gas desulfurisation system
PublikacjaThis paper presents problems associated with corrosion of steel stacks and changes in philosophy of corrosion protection when implemented into flue gas desulphurization systems. In-situ tests were taken by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the stack which discharges flue gas before wet lime/limestone desulphurization. A very quick electrolyte absorption by the spherical infill vinylester coating was found using...
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Sputtered silicon solid phase microextraction fibers with a polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase with negligible carry-over and phase bleed
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Negative carbon dioxide gas power plant integrated with gasification of sewage sludge
PublikacjaOne of the primary objectives of the negative carbon dioxide gas power plant (nCO2PP) is to develop an innovative technology confirming the possibility of the use of sewage sludge to produce electricity while having a positive impact on the environment. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to estimate thermodynamic parameters of the system in relation to the gasification process and changes in such parameters in the...
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Dissociative ionization dynamics of dielectric gas C3F7CN
PublikacjaFluoronitrile C3F7CN is a promising candidate for the replacement of SF6 dielectric gas in high-voltage insulation. We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on its ionization dynamics probed in the 0-100 eV energy range. We exploited the total ion collection technique to determine the absolute ionization cross section, mass spectrometry to determine the fragment branching ratios and ab initio nonadiabatic molecular...
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CLAY MINERALS – MINERALOGY AND PHENOMENON OF CLAY SWELLING IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
PublikacjaAmong the minerals found in the earth's crust, clay minerals are of the widest interest. Due to the specific properties such as plasticity, absorbing and catalytic properties clay minerals are used in many industries (oil & gas, chemistry, pharmacy, refractory technology, ceramics etc.). In drilling, a phenomenon of swelling clays is frequently observed. It has an important impact on the cementing quality. During the last few decades...
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Analysis of diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust temperature of a naval gas turbine
PublikacjaThe conducted investigations aimed to carry out an analysis of the possibility that the failures identification in the automatic control system of a gas turbine engine could be worked out on the basis of measurements of the exhaust stream temperature behind the gas generator. The exhaust temperature represents a basic control parameter, enabling technical state evaluation of the engine within the operation process, which is observed...
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Nitrogen dioxide gas-sensing detection with GO modified CuO thin films
PublikacjaGas sensors have been continuously developed over the last few decades for several applications including air quality monitoring, automotive industry and recently for medical use. Gas sensors are usually based on metal oxides (MOXs), such as SnO2, TiO2, ZnO, WO3, CuO. Recently, new materials such as graphene oxide and heterostructures of graphene oxide and metal oxides are utilized for gassensing applications.
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Accuracy of Differential Phase Delay Estimation for GPS Spoofing Detection
PublikacjaGPS spoofing is an attack based on transmission of false signals to target receivers, in order to force the computation of incorrect time, position or velocity information. It is a threat which is recently considered with continuously growing awareness. There is a need for effective way of GPS spoofing detection. Many groups of methods are proposed in the literature. Spatial processing methods are considered to be robust in a wide...
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Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application.
Publikacjahe primary objective of this review article is to strategically screen and highlight the advancements in the area of solid phase microextraction (SPME). The plenty of review articles have been written on different aspects of SPME, this review is dedicated to provide the brief but clear overview of the research footprints so produced from SPME. Some of the key advancements in types and designs, coating materials, coating strategies,...
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Mobile Gas Chromatographs Coupled with Mass and Ion Mobility Spectrometers and their Applications
PublikacjaThe articles describes the developments un combining of mass and ion mobility spectrometers (MS, IMS0 with miniature gas chromatographs (GC). The examples of applications of miniaturised GC-MS and GC-IMS devices are presented.
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Enhanced visible light-activated gas sensing properties of nanoporous copper oxide thin films
PublikacjaMetal oxide gas sensors are popular chemoresistive sensors. They are used for numerous tasks, including environmental and safety monitoring. Some gas-sensing materials exhibit photo-induced properties that can be utilized for enhanced gas detection by modifying the sensor selectivity and sensitivity when illuminated by light. Here, we present the gas sensing characteristics of highly nanoporous Cu2O thin films towards both electrophilic...
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Effects of UV light irradiation on fluctuation enhanced gas sensing by carbon nanotube networks
PublikacjaThe exceptionally large active surface-to-volume ratio of carbon nanotubes makes it an appealing candidate for gas sensing applications. Here, we studied the DC and low-frequency noise characteristics of a randomly oriented network of carbon nanotubes under NO2 gas atmosphere at two different wavelengths of the UV light-emitting diodes. The UV irradiation allowed to sense lower concentrations of NO2 (at least 1 ppm) compared to...
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Effect of alkyl sulfate on the phase behavior of microemulsions stabilized with monoacylglycerols
PublikacjaIn this study the effect of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS) and oils (hydrocarbons: C12-C16) on the formation and phase behavior of the systems of oil/monoacylglycerols (MAG):SDS/propylene glycol/water has been investigated. The effects of the surfactant mixture on the phase behavior and the concentrationof water or oil in the systems were studied at three temperatures (50, 55, 60 C). Electrical conductivity...
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Hysteresis modelling of a medium frequency single-phase transformer
PublikacjaThe article describes a feedback Preisach hysteresis model equivalent circuit implementation of a medium frequency single-phase transformer being a part of a high power and high efficiency DC-DC converter. The macroscopic models of magnetic hysteresis are introduced and the feedback Preisach model is selected for further analysis. The hysteresis model is developed for a prototype transformer and the hysteresis loops are compared...