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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: RENEWABLE ENERGY
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The assessment of renewable energy in Poland on the background of the world renewable energy sector
PublikacjaThe issues of the article are associated with the development of the renewable energy source (RES) sector in the world and in Poland. The subject is undoubtedly connected with the problem of the energy transformation taking place in most countries nowadays. Energy transformation processes are mainly associated with an increase in the share of energy production from RES and increased awareness of energy use by end consumers. This...
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Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Technologies
PublikacjaNowadays, fossil fuels are the main sources energy from which electricity is obtained. But these sources will not last forever, so in due course renewable energies will have to replace them in this role. All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels — coal, oil, and natural gas — do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public...
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Renewable Energy Sources on the Polish Electrical Energy Market
PublikacjaProduction of electricity from renewable energu sources in Poland is presented in the paper.The machanism of energy origin certifikates market and the proposal of mechanism modification are discused.
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Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector
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Stirling engines powered by renewable energy sources
PublikacjaStirling engine is a device that produces mechanical energy using heat from any source of energy, without the need of combustion of any fuel inside the device. Renewable energy sources, which are mostly low-temperature energy sources, can be used to produce mechanical and electrical energy in Stirling engines. The paper presents an overview of the existing prototype Stirling engines designed for using of low-temperature energy...
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The regional energy transformation in the context of renewable energy sources potential
PublikacjaThe topics addressed in the article concern the problem of exploiting the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) at the regional level and the problem of the course of regional energy transition processes. Throughout the world, energy transition proceeds in a specific way for each country, due to the different potential of the selected RES and political, institutional and socio-economic conditions. Energy transition processes...
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Simulation of the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Sources with Energy Storage Systems
PublikacjaThe intermittency of renewable energy sources (RES) constitutes a challenge for effective power system control. Fossil-fuel-based units offering ancillary power services to meet the short-term power imbalance are a financial and environmental burden for the society. Energy storage systems (ESS) can be the solution in view of the electricity market development and growing environmental concern. The major questions are, in what circumstances...
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Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan
PublikacjaMismatch between energy demand and supply from last two decades has been increasing because of the domination of expensive imported oil in energy mix of Pakistan. To import crude oil Government paid US $ 9 billion in 2008–2009 to meet the energy demands...
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Microprocessor system for controlling the operation of renewable energy resources
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Reliable renewable energy – application of electrochemical capacitors for electrical energy storage
PublikacjaThis paper presents electrical energy storage devices such as electrochemical capacitors, their principle of operation and electrode materials most commonly used in their manufacturing technology. Moreover, our research on development of new nanocomposite materials based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and conducting polymer is shown. Additionally, the possibility and advantages of application of supercapacitors for accumulation...
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ENERGY STORAGE IN COMPRESSED AIR – SOLUTION SUPPORTING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
PublikacjaThis article presents a brief description of a power system, the current national power system daily load, the use of wind power as a renewable energy source and its share in the national load. It also discusses the methods for storing energy, their characteristics and possible solutions. The power storage and generation solution proposed in the article is based on the collaboration between a gas turbine and an air storage system....
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Power and heat from renewable energy sources on energy market in Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono aktualne uwarunkowania rynków energii w Polsce w odniesieniu do źródeł odnawialnych. Przedstawiono perspektywy rozwojowe. Omówiono wyniki opłacalności budowy małego bloku skojarzonego opalanego słomą.
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Small hydro-power as a source of renewable energy in the European Union
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono udział odnawialnych źródeł energii w produkcji energii elektrycznej w 25 krajach Unii Europejskiej w roku 1997 i przewidywanu udział w roku 2010. Omówiono krótką historię rozwoju małych elektrownii wodnych w UE i dokonano przeglądu małych elektrowni wodnych w krajach UE oraz w wybranych krajach Europy, nie należących do UE. Przedstawiono także możliwy rozwój małej energetyki wodnej w okresie perspektywicznym...
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A Decision Support System for the Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy Technologies
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Sustainability: myth, reality, future–planning and renewable energy management
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Similarities and differences in the production of renewable energy in Central and Eastern Europe countries
PublikacjaResearch background: In the era of climate change, environmental degradation, but also growing pub-lic awareness, there is a need to look for new ecological energy sources. This condition can be met by renewable energy sources (RES). The EU seeks to have a 32% share of its gross final energy consumption from renewable sources by 2030. While the EU as a whole is on course to meet its...
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RAPESEED PELLET - A BYPRODUCT OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION - AS AN EXCELLENT RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
PublikacjaVegetable oils are renewable feedstock currently being used for production of biofuels from sustainable biomass resources. The existing technology for producing diesel fuel from plant oils, such as rapeseed, soybean, canola and palm oil are largely centered on transesterification of oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel. Rapeseed pellet - crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a byproduct...
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The Role of Crypto Trading in the Economy, Renewable Energy Consumption and Ecological Degradation
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Smart heating system for home extending utilization of renewable energy sources
PublikacjaIn the paper a modern approach to smart home heating is presented. Proposed solution utilizes at least two low-polluting energy source technologies. The main idea is to connect well known ecological energy sources in a way that they can support each other and minimize risks of failure when using single system or even both of them but managed in separate way. Considered energy technologies, used separatelly, have disadvan-tages,...
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Achieving energy neutrality in wastewater treatment plants through energy savings and enhancing renewable energy production
PublikacjaWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume high amounts of energy which is mostly purchased from the grid. During the past years, many ongoing measures have taken place to analyze the possible solutions for both reducing the energy consumption and increasing the renewable energy production in the plants. This review contains all possible aspects which may assist to move towards energy neutrality in WWTPs. The sources of energy...
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Comparison of Renewable Energy Sources in ‘New’ EU Member States in the Context of National Energy Transformations
PublikacjaThe European Union strives to create sustainable, low-carbon economies; therefore, energy policies of all member states should move towards renewable energy sources (RES). That concerns also the so-called new EU member states. These countries, on the one hand, are characterized by significant historical similarities in terms of post-communist legacy and adopted development strategies linked with the EU membership, and on the other...
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Techno-economic assessment of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen storage
PublikacjaThe paper presents a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility with the use of the most promising renewable energy sources (RES), supported by a hydrogen energy storage. This scenario was compared with the variants of supplying the facility directly from the grid and from RES without energy storage. A strategy was proposed for powering the plant aimed at maximising self-consumption of self-generated...
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Hybrid Multi-Criteria Method of Analyzing the Location of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources
PublikacjaThis paper presents the development and the application of a hybrid multi-criteria method, the combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and numerical taxonomy (NT),to support the decision making on the location of distributed renewable energy sources meetingvarious types of assessment criteria. Finding criteria weights, using the AHP method, eliminates thedisadvantage of NT—which, in current form, is defined by its...
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Renewable Energy Sources in the Lubusz Voivodship (Poland). The Present Conditions and Perspectives for Development
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Comprehensive modernization of local heating system using cogeneration and renewable energy sources
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono przeprowadzoną kompleksową modernizację lokalnego systemu grzewczego z wprowadzeniem gospodarki cieplno-elektrycznej opartej na paliwie gazowym LNG, oraz z zastosowaniem odnawialnych źródeł energii w posatci energii słónecznej i geotermicznej.
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Application of renewable energy sources to drive organic Rankine cycle micro CHP
PublikacjaOdnawialne źródła energii rzadko znajdują zastosowanie przy stawianych obecnie wymaganiach przez nowoczesne ciepłownie. Pojawiła się unikalna okazja pomocy przy wprowadzeniu na rynek elektrowni zoptymalizowanej dla tych nieużywanych i pomijanych źródeł ciepła. Organiczny obieg Rankine'a jest podobny do konwencjonalnych turbin parowych, wyjątkiem jest płyn napędzający turbinę, którym jest płyn roboczy o dużej masie cząsteczkowej....
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Renewable Energy in the Pomerania Voivodeship—Institutional, Economic, Environmental and Physical Aspects in Light of EU Energy Transformation
PublikacjaIn the era of globalization and rapid economic growth, affecting most world economies, increased production and consumption are leading to higher levels of energy production and consumption. The growing demand for energy means that energy resources from conventional sources are not sufficient; moreover, its production generates high costs and contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases and waste. In view of the above, many...
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Biomass as a reliable renewable energy source in the fulfilling the white paper poland-eu requirements
PublikacjaZgodnie z wytycznymi z Białej Księgi Unii Europejskiej, wzrost wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii powinien osiągnąć 7,5% w 2010 r. i 14% w 2020 r. o ogólnym zużyciu energii w Polsce. Analizę sytuacji energetycznej Polska w przeszłości i przewidywania zmian globalnych i regionalnych w odniesieniu do produkcji i zużycia energii, prowadzą do wniosku, że biomasa może być możliwym źródłem energii odnawialnej dla realizacji tych...
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Optimisation of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen energy storage toward the lowest net present cost
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility based on intermittent renewable energy sources in the form of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules, supplemented with hydrogen energy storage. The adopted power supply strategy assumed the maximisation of self-consumption of self-produced electricity. Six variants were considered, including two with an energy...
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The Application of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Indication of Directions of the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Energy Policy
PublikacjaThis paper presents the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for evaluating what technologies using renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity production have the chance to develop in Poland under the current socio-economic conditions. First, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the weights of the optimization criteria. Five main criteria and 30 sub-criteria were identified. Next,...
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Assessment of Financial Security of SMEs Operating in the Renewable Energy Industry during COVID-19 Pandemic
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MARKAL LONG-TERM POWER GENERATION SCENARIOS FOR POLAND: INCREASING THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY 2040
PublikacjaIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspectives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In addition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade were...
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MARKAL long-term power generation scenarios for Poland: Increasing the share of renewable energy sources by 2040
PublikacjaIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspec-tives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In ad-dition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade...
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INCREASING POWER SUPPLY SAFETY IN THE ASPECT OF SUPPORTING THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY CONVENTIONAL AND VIRTUAL POWER STORES
PublikacjaThis paper presents characteristics and purposefulness of supporting the renewable energy sources (OZE) by means of energy stores. The main emphasis was placed on analysis of virtual energy stores available for implementation in Polish economy conditions. A role which management of Demand Side Response (DSR) may play in balancing Polish electric power system, is discussed. Implementation of such solutions together with conventional...
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Impact of Investments and R&D Costs in Renewable Energy Technologies on Companies’ Profitability Indicators: Assessment and Forecast
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Review of Methods for Diagnosing the Degradation Process in Power Units Cooperating with Renewable Energy Sources Using Artificial Intelligence
PublikacjaThis work is based on a literature review (191). It mainly refers to two diagnostic methods based on artificial intelligence. This review presents new possibilities for using genetic algorithms (GAs) for diagnostic purposes in power plants transitioning to cooperation with renewable energy sources (RESs). The genetic method is rarely used directly in the modeling of thermal-flow analysis. However, this assignment proves that the...
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Storing energy from renewable sources
PublikacjaOmówiono metody, urządzenia i sposoby magazynowania energii mechanicznej, elektrycznej, cieplnej i chemicznej z uwzględnieniem energii ze źródeł odnawialnych.
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy: Current State and Prospects
PublikacjaThe last two decades of the twentieth century represented a period of above-average, systematic growth of formal and informal interdependencies between economies of different countries and between world markets. The intensity, magnitude, and diversity of these interdependencies have never been recorded before in economic history, and the market transformations taking place have been referred to in the literature as the process...
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Voltage control in a power system with renewable sources of energy
PublikacjaIntensive development of distributed generation in power systems, caused by the European Union energy policy, gives possibility for improving safety in power delivery as well as optimizing the costs of the systems functioning. In this context, distributed generation can be used for voltage control in power systems – it can be performed by the control of reactive power of each source of energy or a group of energy sources. This...
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Predicting the Purchase of Electricity Prices for Renewable Energy Sources Based on Polish Power Grids Data Using Deep Learning Models for Controlling Small Hybrid PV Microinstallations
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Examples of renewable and waste energy sources utilisation in municipal sewage treatment plants.
PublikacjaTematem pracy jest problem zaopatrzenia miejskich oczysczalni ścieków w energię elektryczną i cieplną. przedstawiono dwie polskie oczyszczalnie scieków: w Żywcu i Grudziądzu jako przykłądy zastosowania odnawialnych i odpadowych źródeł energii. Zamieszczone zostały informacje na temat ilości produkowanego biogazu, źródeł energii, systemów zaopatrzenia w ciepło, w tym agregatów kogeneracyjnych i pomp ciepła. Sformułowano wnioski...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the CAES system coupled with the underground thermal energy storage taking into account global, central and local level of energy conversion
PublikacjaA key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is analyzed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with a heat storage and recovery is developed. Therefore, three levels can be distinguished, namely: the global level...
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The effect of temperature on the power drop in crystalline silicon solar cells
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wpływ temperatury i długości fali zaabsorbowanego promieniowania na parametry elektryczne krzemowych ogniw i modułów fotowoltaicznych. Zaobserwowano spadek mocy wyjściowej (-0.65%/K), współczynnika wypełnienia charakterystyki FF (-0.2%/K) i sprawności konwersji (-0.08%/K) ze wzrostem temperatury. Zaprezentowano również charakterystykę spektralną napięcia otwartego obwodu dla ogniw krzemowych.
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One-step converting biowaste wolfberry fruits into hierarchical porous carbon and its application for high-performance supercapacitors
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Condition monitoring and fault detection in wind turbines based on cointegration analysis of SCADA data
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Investor focused placement and sizing of photovoltaic grid-connected systems in Pakistan
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Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind turbines based on structural break detection in SCADA data
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Chemical treatment of crystalline silicon solar cells as a method of recovering pure silicon from photovoltaic modules
PublikacjaProducenci modułów PV stosują ogniwa krzemowe, wyprodukowane w różnej technologii, w efekcie czego różnią się one między sobą. Różnorodność dotyczy zarówno modułów PV, wykonanych z ogniw polikrystalicznych jak i monokrystalicznych. Różnice widoczne są zwłaszcza dla kontaktów elektrycznych. Producenci ogniw wykonują metalizację z zastosowaniem past Al, Ag lub przy jednoczesnym użyciu Al/Ag. Proces recyklingu krzemowych ogniw PV...
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Degradation of electrical performance of a crystalline photovoltaic module due to dust deposition in northern Poland
PublikacjaThe reduction in power output caused by the accumulation of dust on the photovoltaic module surface is an important problem and should receive much more attention in the literature. This study was an evaluation of the performance degradation of crystalline photovoltaic modules due to natural and simulated dust deposition. Dust is created from powdered grains of sand and particles of different bodies. Dust originates from different...
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Key issues in modeling and optimization of lignocellulosic biomass fermentative conversion to gaseous biofuels
PublikacjaThe industrial-scale production of lignocellulosic-based biofuels from biomass is expected to benefit society and the environment. The main pathways of residues processing include advanced hydrolysis and fermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, chemical synthesis and biological processes. The products of such treatment are second generation biofuels. The degree of fermentation of organic substances depends primarily on their composition...
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Thermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal using the rotary kiln pyrolyzer and the fluidized bed boiler – The performance of pilot-scale installation
PublikacjaThermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) is subject to stringent regulations that are meant to provide elimination of any potential pathogens. Incineration as well as other possible routes for thermal conversion of MBM are still at the research state. The universal technology was developed that allows to combust various types of waste organic materials, including animal waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, mixed at any...
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Scenarios as a tool supporting decisions in urban energy policy: The analysis using fuzzy logic, multi-criteria analysis and GIS tools
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Biomass in biogas production: Pretreatment and codigestion
PublikacjaGlobally, there is increasing awareness that the implementation of ‘waste to energy’ technology is one of the best means to achieve sustainable energy development. The most popular approach is the conversion of organic-rich compounds into clean and renewable products by anaerobic digestion (AD). Biogas can be produced from agricultural residues, municipal/industrial biowastes, and sustainable biomass, especially materials that...
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Production of hydrogen from biomass and its separation using membranetechnology
PublikacjaHydrogen is an important raw material for chemical industry and feasible renewable energy carrier that could replace fossil fuels. However, the specie seldom exists in a form of pure H2. Therefore, to obtain hydrogen in volumes suitable to be used as a raw material it is necesary to decompose hydrogen-rich compounds. The carbohydrate-rich biomass can be an important source of hydrogen by applying the process of dark fermentation....
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Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges
PublikacjaThe wastewater sector accounts for up to 7 and 10% of anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. Nowadays wastewater treatment plants are going through a paradigm shift to approach a net-zero carbon condition. Numerous ongoing measures have taken place to identify the sources of greenhouse gases and minimize the carbon footprint. This paper systematically reviews all known practices leading towards net-zero carbon wastewater...
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Technological solutions for boosting hydrogen role in decarbonization strategies and net-zero goals of world shipping: Challenges and perspectives
PublikacjaFacing the problems concerning greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international ocean shipping has meant that the latest regulations of the International Maritime Organization, issued on 1st January 2023, have come into force, with the aim of reducing GHG emissions from maritime activities. Hydrogen has been suggested as an alternative fuel to achieve decarbonization ambitions in the near future. Although hydrogen has been investigated...
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Hydrogen production from biomass using dark fermentation
PublikacjaHydrogen applicability in the power, chemical and petrochemical industries is constantly growing. Efficientmethods of hydrogen generation from renewable sources, including waste products, are currently being de-veloped, even though hydrogen is mainly produced through steam reforming or thermal cracking of natural gasor petroleum fractions. In paper alternative methods of hydrogen production with a particular emphasis on darkfermentation...
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Synthesis and application of biomass-derived magnetic biochar catalyst for simultaneous esterification and trans-esterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel: modeling and optimization
PublikacjaThis work created, characterized, and used a magnetic biochar catalyst that is both eco-friendly and very effective. Sugarcane bagasse was selected as primary raw material for catalyst preparation, because it is renewable and ecofriendly biomass. Cata- lyst created by doping sugarcane bagasse biochar with magnetic material in the form of (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O). Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy...
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Novel investigation of pyrolysis mechanisms and kinetics for functional groups in biomass matrix
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Resource saving by optimization and machining environments for sustainable manufacturing: A review and future prospects
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Potential applications of crude glycerol in polymer technology–Current state and perspectives
PublikacjaThe increasing use of bio-based fuels and fuel additives, among them biodiesel, causes significant surplus of crude glycerol on the market which creates new challenges in terms of its sustainable utilization. A lot of ways for the incorporation of this by-product into different branches of industry requires purification by expensive and complicated processes. Therefore, researchers are seeking for applications of untreated crude...
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Historical, technical and economic aspects of biogas development: Case Polanda and Ukraine
PublikacjaThe paper describes 3700 years of biogas manufacture with more details of last 120 years. Due to V. Omelianskij׳s researches 120 years ago, Ukrainians achieved a share in biogas manufacture in the overall biogas development. Poland started to take part in biogas development 96 years ago by finishing biogas plant in Posen 1928. History and current status of biogas plants achievements are collected and analyzed. Faults and achievements...
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Modern power-electronics installations in the Polish electrical power network
PublikacjaThe paper discusses the most important areas of application of power electronics arrangements in the Polish electrical power system; especially in the distribution system. The examples presented demonstrate both the need for and the purpose of further research and its applications in these fields, as well as indicating the direction of future research, with special consideration given to the research required in Poland. The proposed...
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Lignin-based carbon fibers for renewable and multifunctional lithium-ion battery electrodes
PublikacjaLignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) from the renewable resource softwood kraft lignin were synthesized via oxidative thermostabilization of pure melt-spun lignin and carbonization at different temperatures from 1000°C to 1700°C. The resulting LCFs were characterized by tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The microstructure is mainly amorphous carbon with some...
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Design and Evaluation of the Compact and Autonomous Energy Subsystem of a Wave Energy Converter
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of the design process focused on the development of the energy subsystem (ES) of a wave energy converter (WEC). The ES is an important electrical part that significantly affects the energy reliability and energy efficiency of the entire WEC device. The designed ES was intended for compact WECs powering IoT network devices working in the distributed grid. The developed ES is an electronic circuit...
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Directions of Energy Transition of Uzbekistan
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to present the changes in the Uzbekistan energy market over the past few years. Uzbekistan is self-sufficient in terms of energy resources, the exploitation of which will last for many years. In 2019, the government adopted the "Concept Note ensuring electricity supply in Uzbekistan in 2020-2030" strategy, which announced the modernization of gas and coal power plants and the construction of new energy facilities,...
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Sustainable energy consumption – Empirical evidence of a household in Poland sustainable energy consumption, electricity demand, econometric model, household energy transition, energy policy impact
PublikacjaThere is an expected increase in the demand for electricity from households in European countries. The outcome of the growing proportion of renewable energy sources in the energy supply mix should result in improved customer awareness regarding their electricity usage. Additionally, they must assume a more proactive role in overseeing their electricity usage. Innovation and pollution management have become crucial catalysts for...
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CAES – Energy storage providing stability for national power system
PublikacjaThis paper presents a short characteristics of the power system. It also describes various types of energy storage technologies. The suggested solution of accumulation and generation of electric power is based on the cooperation of gas turbine with Compressed Air Storage Energy systems – CAES. This analysis describes also various types of cooperation of CAES and renewable sources of energy, particularly wind power systems.
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Renewable Resources for Polyurethanes and Polyurethane Composites: A Review
PublikacjaEach year, more than two million tons of polyurethane is produced in the EU by reacting isocyanates with polyols made from fossil fuel. In addition, there are appreciable quantities of petroleum based functional additives applied in the industry nowadays for both polyols and polyurethane materials. It is therefore of key importance to develop sustainable economically viable polyols with enhanced functionalities, and thereby reducing...
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Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono sytuacje energetyczną kraju. Omówiono poszczególne sektory wytwarzania energii oraz zapotrzebowania na energię i paliwa. Omówiono przekształcenia sektorów energetycznych w Polsce na przestrzeni lat 1990-2002. Na tym tle przedstawiono techniczne, ekonomiczne, społeczne i prawne aspekty rozwoju energetyki źródeł odnawialnych a w szczególności opartych o bioenergię. Przedstawiono wnioski dla Polski płynące z dotychczasowych...
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Thermodynamic analysis of the Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled with the Underground Thermal Energy Storage
PublikacjaImprovement of flexibility is one of the key challenges for the transformation of the Polish Power System aiming at a high share of renewable energy in electricity generation. Flexible and dispatchable power plants will contribute to this ongoing transformation process as they compensate for fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics. In this context, CAES storage tanks are...
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Transformation of Energy Markets: Description, Modeling of Functioning Mechanisms and Determining Development Trends
PublikacjaOne of the key contemporary economic and social issues today is the global energy transition. Energy transition processes are having a significant impact on the development of world economies, increasing their TFP and leading to an increase in their level of innovation through the transfer of myriad new technologies. These processes also contribute to an increase in foreign direct investment and, consequently, an increase in the...
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Waterborne polyesters partially based on renewable resources
PublikacjaA new experimental approach for preparing biobased, water-soluble polyesters via titanium(IV) n-butoxide-catalyzed bulk polycondensation is presented. In the described method polymers were obtained from isosorbide, maleic anhydride and poly(ethylene glycol). The chemical structure of the synthesized polyesters was confirmed using 2D NMR spectroscopy and by titration methods. Careful analysis of 2D NMR spectra viz. Correlation Spectra...
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Analysis of an Energy Management System of a Small Plant Connected to the Rural Power System
PublikacjaThis paper presents the analysis of an energy management system (EMS) implemented to fulfill the requirements of a microgrid (MG) power supply owned by a small industrial company and connected to the rural power system. The main goal of this system is to ensure connection with the existing rural power system in terms of energy exchange, as well as to perform islanding mode operation of the microgrid based on the energy demand of...
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Phase change thermal energy storage – the experience of the materials preparation for the specific applications.
PublikacjaThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat, latent heat and reversible chemical reaction heat. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. Many innovative applications could be found...
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Decentralized Microgrid Energy Management System with Market-Based Energy Trade System
PublikacjaThis paper presents a decentralized energy management system for a power microgrid, which integrates individual users, who own renewable energy sources and energy storages. The purpose of the system is to make optimal use of available resources to cover the electricity needs of the whole microgrid. Thanks to the energy exchange system, in addition to exchanges with the distribution network, the system also allows trades within...
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POSSIBILITIES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN CENTRAL EUROPE
PublikacjaNowadays, fossil fuels are the main sources of energy from which electricity is obtained. But these sources will not last forever, so in due course renewable energies will have to replace them in this role. One of these new sources is solar energy. To generate electricity from sunlight, solar (photovoltaic - PV) cells and modules are used. The increasing interest in PV cells and modules worldwide is due mainly to the fact that...
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Clean energy in the European Union: Transition or evolution?
PublikacjaIn this paper, we analyse two phenomena. First, the relationship between greenhouse gases emission and effectiveness of the European Union energy policies and second the transition from the fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. We run two-step data analysis concerning 25 European Union member states in the period from 1990 to 2018. We use information on greenhouse gases emission, introduction of new energy policies, source...
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POLAND’S ENERGY DEPENDENCE AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY
PublikacjaThe following article is an attempt to assess Poland's energy independence in the years 1993-2020. The main aim of the paper is to present Poland's dependence on raw materials from foreign partners - in the field of imports of electricity, natural gas, crude oil, non-renewable energy resources, i.e., hard coal and lignite, and the country's dynamics in the amount of imports. In addition, the aim of the work is to answer research...
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THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING GREASES BASED ON RENEWABLE OILS
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Semicrystalline Polyesters Based on a Novel Renewable Building Block
PublikacjaIsohexides, like e.g. isosorbide, are well-known carbohydrate-based rigid diols which are capable of dramatically increasing the glass transition temperature of polyesters. However, their relatively low reactivity has thus far hampered large-scale industrial applications in the polymer field. Recently, with the aim to increase reactivity while at the same time retain rigidity, we have developed a new isoidide dicarboxylic acid...
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Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review
PublikacjaIn recent years, the idea of the operation of energy systems (power systems, heating systems) has changed significantly. This paper is an overview of locally balanced energy systems without the use of fossil fuels. The paper justifies the concept of local energy balancing in a new energy system that does not use fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and crude oil), based on European Union guidelines and formal documents as well as the...
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AC-DC-DC Converter for Small Power Energy Storage Systems
PublikacjaThe energy transformation driven by the development of renewable energy sources has become a reality for all power grid users. Prosumer energy, primarily utilizing photovoltaic installations, is one of the fastest-growing market segments. The advancement of technology, a decrease in electrochemical energy storage prices, and changes in the legal framework governing energy billing for grid-fed power have led to a growing interest...
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Stabalization of solar-panel energy system for Pakistani household
PublikacjaRenewable energy resources such as Sun and wind are getting popular and easier to use day by day. It is a better method to fulfill our demands as sun is a continuous source of energy for Earth. Many countries are fulfilling their demands by Solar Panels. Solar panel is used as a converter between sunlight and electrical energy. This research paper is going to tell that how to obtain electrical energy from sunlight more efficiently...
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Balancing Energy Inputs/Outputs and GHG Emissions for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment – a Case Study
PublikacjaThe aim of the study is a model-based evaluation of the selected operating modes and technological upgrades on the energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a large wastewater treatment plant in the city of Slupsk (northern Poland). The considered scenarios focus on energy savings for aeration, increasing energy recovery via biogas cogeneration and reduction of the CO2 equivalent emission from both direct processes (related...
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Ranking of Generation Source Locations by a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Method
PublikacjaThe paper presents a ranking of the locations of eight renewable energy sources (RES) made using a hybrid multi-criteria analysis method. The method is a combination of the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method and numerical taxonomy. The considered generating sources, i.e. solar plants, biogas plants, and wind farms are sources that will significantly contribute to implementing the provisions of the energy and climate package...
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Improvements and Spatial Dependencies in Energy Transition Measures
PublikacjaThis article aims to improve one of the newest energy transition measures—the WorldEconomic Forum WEF Energy Transition Index (ETI) and find its driving forces. This paper proposesa new approach to correct the ETI structure, i.e., sensitivity analysis, which allows assessing theaccuracy of variable weights. Moreover, the novelty of the paper is the use the spatial error modelsto estimate determinants of the energy transition on...
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Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublikacjaThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking...
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Utilization of rapeseed pellet from fatty acid methyl esters production as an energy source
PublikacjaRapeseed pellet – crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a by-product of fatty acid methyl esters production process. As other types of biomass, it can either be burned directly in furnaces or processed to increase its energetic value. Biomass is renewable, abundant and has domestic usage; the sources of biomass can help the world reduce its dependence on petroleum products, fossil coal and natural gas. Energetically effective...
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Structure and Molecular Dynamics in Renewable Polyamides from Dideoxy-Diamino Isohexide
PublikacjaThe chemical structure, the conformation, andthe flexibility of the polymer chain fragments present in thepolyamides synthesized from 2,5-diamino-2,5-dideoxy-1,4;3,6-dianhydrosorbitol, 1,4-diaminobutane, and either sebacic orbrassylic acid have been studied by liquid-state 2D NMRspectroscopy viz. correlation spectra (COSY) and heteronuclearmultiple-bond correlation spectra (gHMBC), by 13Ccross-polarization/magic-angle spinning...
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Emulsifi ers from renewable materials: an eco-friendly synthesis and properties
PublikacjaThe focus of this study was the preparation of novel bio based polyglycerol emulsifiers characterized by a one pot synthesis, thus by modified properties with respect to interfacial activity and effectiveness as emulsion stabilizers. The final products of the esterification process, carried out in the presence of carboxylates were used directly as emulsifiers (without purification or fractionation). Polyglycerol emulsifiers obtained...
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Thermoplastic polyurethanes derived from petrochemical or renewable resources: A comprehensive review
PublikacjaThermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) materials are obtained by the reaction of polyol (ether-, ester-, and carbonate-based diols with average molecular weight in the range from 1,000 to 3,000 g/mol) with aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates. Synthesized materials consist of the hard and soft segments which are separated in different level. All mechanical and thermal properties of TPUs depend on the chemical structure of used monomers,...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of steam storage in a steam cycle in a different regime of work: A zero-dimensional and three-dimensional approach
PublikacjaDue to the current trends aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, changes are required in the operation of coal-fired steam units. The unstable nature of renewable energy sources, depending on weather conditions, means that the amount of energy produced varies and is not always in line with peak demand. To ensure the security and stability of energy supplies in the energy system,...
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Modular power converter with superconducting magnetic energy storage for electric power distribution system — Analysis and simulation
PublikacjaThis paper describes selected issues concerning realization of energy storage system (ESS) designed to operate in power distribution system. This paper presents a modular approach of 300 kVA power converter operating with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), which gives high dynamics together with high power and suitable capability for instantaneous energy storage. Analysis and simulation studies of selected power converter...
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Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage – The Experience of the Materials Preparation for the Specific Applications.
PublikacjaThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and reversible chemical reaction heat storage. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. The amount of heat...
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Energy Yield Generated by a Small Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation
PublikacjaIn the recent years photovoltaic (PV) industry has experienced a major growth, caused by the ever present annual decrease in module production prices and the expanding awareness of the general public in terms of renewable energy. There are numerous ways to implement PV modules as an additional energy source for a building, be it mounted on the rooftop, or building integrated (BIPV). An analysis of BIPV consisting of 8 modules with...
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Optimizing the parameters of a small standalone hybrid power system
PublikacjaA hybrid power plant consists of renewable energy resources, an energy storage, a discharge load and an emergency power supply. Power plant parameters are tailored to meet the requirements of continuity of supply, cost minimization, return on investment period and system capacity utilization. The papaer presents the methodology for selecting power plant parameters with a larger number of decision criteria. The task is solved...
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Analyzing Wind Energy Potential Using Efficient Global Optimization: A Case Study for the City Gdańsk in Poland
PublikacjaWind energy (WE), which is one of the renewable energy (RE) sources for generating electricity, has been making a significant contribution to obtaining clean and green energy in recent years. Fitting an appropriate statistical distribution to the wind speed (WS) data is crucial in analyzing and estimating WE potential. Once the best suitable statistical distribution for WS data is determined, WE potential and potential yield could...
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Liquefaction of alder wood as the source of renewable and sustainable polyols for preparation of polyurethane resins
PublikacjaLiquefaction of wood-based biomass gives different polyol properties depending on the reagents used. In this article, alder wood sawdust was liquefied with glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) solvents. Liquefaction reactions were carried out at temperatures of 120, 150 and 170 °C. The obtained bio-polyols were analyzed in order to establish the process efficiency, hydroxyl number, acid value, viscosity and structural characteristics...
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Water Solubilization Using Nonionic Surfactants from Renewable Sources in Microemulsion Systems
PublikacjaIn this study the effect of temperature, NaCl andoils (hydrocarbons: C8-C16) on the formation and solubilizationcapacity of the systems of oil/monoacylglycerols(MAG):ethoxylated fatty alcohols (CEO20)/propylene glycol(PG)/water was investigated. The effects of the surfactantmixture on the phase behavior and the concentration ofwater or oil in the systems were studied at three temperatures(50, 55, 60 C) and with varied NaCl solutions...