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Ion Chromatography in Environmental Analysis of Selected Organic Acids
PublikacjaLow molecular mass carboxylic acids (LCAs) occur in many environmental compartments dueto natural processes and human activity. When volatile and nonvolatile acids are to be monitored then liquidchromatography, including ion chromatography seems a method of choice. At high pH the acids are inionized form and can be separated as carboxylats by means of anion exchange chromatography. LCAs canalso be separated at low pH by ion exclusion...
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Designing control strategies of aeration system in biological WWTP
PublikacjaThe paper presents the complete design processes of a novel aeration control systems in the SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Due to large energy expense and high influence on biological processes, the aeration system plays a key role in WWTP operation. The paper considers the aeration system for a biological WWTP located in the northeast of Poland. This system consists of blowers, the main collector...
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Polysaccharides-Based Hybrid Materials for Bio- and Non-Bio Sectors. Edytorial
PublikacjaThis special edition spotlights the recent research in the design, development, and emerging applications of polysaccharides-based hybrid materials for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. All the articles published in this issue underscore the significance of materials derived from cellulose, alginate, chitosan, starch, and carrageenan for various applications, including enzyme production, encapsulation, targeted drug delivery,...
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Mainstream shortcut N removal modeling current status and perspectives
PublikacjaThis work gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in modelling of short-cut processes for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment and presents future perspectives for directing research efforts in line with the needs of practice. The modelling status for deammonification (i.e., anammox-based) and nitrite-shunt processes is presented with its challenges and limitations. The importance of mathematical models for considering...
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Optimising Sequencing Batch Reactor Operation Cycle Planning Using Evolutionary Algorithm
PublikacjaThe objective of this research was to optimise the operation cycle of the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Appropriate time balances of aerobic to anaerobic phases, as well as a set dissolved oxygen level are the key to ensuring the quality of effluent from the wastewater treatment process. The proposal to solve this optimisation problem was based on multi-objective optimisation using an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation...
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Soft-decision schemes for radar estimation of elevation at low grazing angles
PublikacjaIn modern radars, the problem of estimating elevation angle at low grazing angles is typically solved using superresolution techniques. These techniques often require one to provide an estimate of the number of waveforms impinging the array, which one can accomplish using model selection techniques. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an alternative approach, based on the Bayesian-like model averaging. The Bayesian...
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A Simplistic Downlink Channel Estimation Method for NB-IoT
PublikacjaThis paper presents a downlink channel estimation method intended for a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) access link. Due to its low computational complexity, this method is well suited for energy-efficient IoT devices, still providing acceptable reception quality in terms of signal-to-noise (SNR) performance. This paper describes the physical layer of NB-IoT within the scope of channel estimation, and also reviews existing...
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Problems in estimation of hand grip force based on EMG signal
PublikacjaThere has recently been a significant increase in the number of publications on and applications of bioelectric signals for diagnostic purposes. While the use of ECG (electrocardiography) is not surprising, the use of signals from registration of brain activity (EEG) and muscles activity (EMG) still finds new applications in various fields. The authors focus on the use of EMG signals for estimating hand grip force. Currently,...
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Asynchronous Networked Estimation System for Continuous Time Stochastic Processes
PublikacjaIn this paper we examine an asynchronous networked estimation system for state estimation of continuous time stochastic processes. Such a system is comprised of several estimation nodes connected using a possibly incomplete communication graph. Each of the nodes uses a Kalman filter algorithm and data from a local sensor to compute local state estimates of the process under observation. It also performs data fusion of local estimates...
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Projekt badawczy BRIK: Opracowanie innowacyjnej metody wyznaczania precyzyjnej trajektorii pojazdu szynowego
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje dotyczące projektu badawczego realizowanego na zlecenie Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju oraz Spółki PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S. A. przez Konsorcjum Politechniki Gdańskiej i Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni. Projekt obejmuje wykorzystanie nowoczesnych metod pomiarowych, takich jak techniki pozycjonowania satelitarnego GNSS, pomiary inercyjne INS oraz skaning laserowy LS, w procesie...
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Distributed state estimation using a network of asynchronous processing nodes
PublikacjaWe consider the problem of distributed state estimation of continuous-time stochastic processes using a~network of processing nodes. Each node performs measurement and estimation using the Kalman filtering technique, communicates its results to other nodes in the network, and utilizes similar results from the other nodes in its own computations. We assume that the connection graph of the network is not complete, i.e. not all nodes...
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Distributed state estimation using a network of asynchronous processing nodes
PublikacjaWe consider the problem of distributed state estimation of continuous-time stochastic processes using a~network of processing nodes. Each node performs measurement and estimation using the Kalman filtering technique, communicates its results to other nodes in the network, and utilizes similar results from the other nodes in its own computations. We assume that the connection graph of the network is not complete, i.e. not all nodes...
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Optimal and suboptimal algorithms for identification of time-varying systems with randomly drifting parameters
PublikacjaNoncausal estimation algorithms, which involve smoothing, can be used for off-line identification of nonstationary systems. Since smoothingis based on both past and future data, it offers increased accuracy compared to causal (tracking) estimation schemes, incorporating past data only. It is shown that efficient smoothing variants of the popular exponentially weighted least squares and Kalman filter-based parameter trackers can...
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Nonlinear fuzzy control of the dissolved oxygen in activated sludge processes
PublikacjaWastewater treatment plant is generally a complex, multivariable, time varying and nonlinear large scale industrial system. Moreover, interactions between the components are very strong. The dissolved oxygen tracking problem is one of the most complex and fundamental issues of biological processes. Air for the aerated tanks is supplied by aeration system (blowers, pipes, diffusers). It is a complex dynamic system. The new control...
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Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for PotentialWastewater Adsorption
PublikacjaPyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The eect...
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Stabilization of Solid Residues Obtained During Sewage Sludge Thermal Treatment
PublikacjaCurrently wastewater treatment plants are still dealing with the problem of ecological management of sewage sludge. Nowadays, thermal utilization is considered the most eco-friendly way of processing excess sludge. However, during mentioned process, fractions of ashes and dusts are generated. Such wastes, especially dusts fraction, can be potentially harmful for the environment and wastes should be stabilized before further management....
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Direct measurements of odorous volatile organic compounds present in biosolids cakes by Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry Technique
PublikacjaThis paper show the results of investigation of concentration of odorous chemical compounds emitted upon ageing of anaerobically stabilised biosolids that could contribute to the overall odour character of nuisance emissions. Biosolids samples from wastewater treatment plant were collected in spring time. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds using a US EPA flux hood and Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry...
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IFE: NN-aided Instantaneous Pitch Estimation
PublikacjaPitch estimation is still an open issue in contemporary signal processing research. Nowadays, growing momentum of machine learning techniques application in the data-driven society allows for tackling this problem from a new perspective. This work leverages such an opportunity to propose a refined Instantaneous Frequency and power based pitch Estimator method called IFE. It incorporates deep neural network based pitch estimation...
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An Approach to Mean Path Loss Model Estimation for Off-Body Channels
PublikacjaThis paper presents an approach to estimation of the mean path loss model parameters in off-body Body Area Networks channels. In this approach, the path loss exponent is constrained to a value obtained for the line-of-sight (LoS) propagation in the co-polarised channel, considering a generalised static scenario. The comparison of the goodness of fit between the proposed approach and other approaches, for a set of measurements obtained...
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Respiratory Rate Estimation Based on Detected Mask Area in Thermal Images
PublikacjaThe popularity of non-contact methods of measuring vital signs, particularly respiratory rate, has increased during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Breathing parameters can be estimated by analysis of temperature changes observed in thermal images of nostrils or mouth regions. However, wearing virus-protection face masks prevents direct detection of such face regions. In this work, we propose to use an automatic mask detection approach...
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Analysis of the parameters of respiration patterns extracted from thermal image sequences
PublikacjaRemote estimation of vital signs is an important and active area of research. The goal of this work was to analyze the feasibility of estimating respiration parameters from video sequences of faces recorded using a mobile thermal camera. Different estimators were analyzed and experimentally verified. It was demonstrated that the respiration rate, periodicity of respiration, and presence and length of apnea periods could be reliably...
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Comparison of developed gaze point estimation methods
PublikacjaThis paper presents the software part of an inexpensive hands-free eye tracking system. The system works using infrared illumination like most of the available eye trackers. Two methods allowing estimation the gaze point on computer screen are compared. Research on effectiveness of these methods is discussed and the better one is indicated.
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Modelling of Different Aeration Modes Influencing Processes in SBR Bioreactor
PublikacjaCurrently, computer modelling together with the simulation tools tailored for that purpose constitute a very important element in planning technological changes within wastewater treatment plant. From the point of view of the WWTP operator every modification should be introduced in order to improve the quality of treated sewage with the lowest financial outlays. These requirements can be met by using computer programmes to effectuate...
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Comparison of nitrogen and VFA removal pathways in autotrophic and organotrophic anammox reactors
PublikacjaOrganotrophic anammox is a promising process for treating both nitrogen and organic containing wastewater than that of the traditional autotrophic anammox for sole nitrogen removal. However pathways of nitrogen removal particularly at metagenomic level in both processes are still unknown. Here we report, metabolic pathways of nitrogen removal in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR), one autotrophic and another organotrophic...
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Incorporation of the sulfur cycle in sustainable nitrogen removal systems - A review
PublikacjaIn wastewater treatment systems, sulfur (S) removal processes are generally based on heterotrophic sulfate (SO42−) reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria and S-dependent autotrophic denitrification by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. A combination of either two cycles (N and S) or three cycles (N, S and C) appears to be a viable approach to sustainable wastewater treatment, resulting in energy savings and reduction of sludge production....
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Electrode-based floating treatment wetlands: Insights into design operation factors influencing bioenergy generation and treatment performance
PublikacjaExponential increases in energy consumption and wastewater have often irreversible environmental impacts. As a result, bio-electrochemical devices like microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which convert chemical energy in organic matter to electricity using exoelectrogenic bacteria, have gained interest. However, operational factors affecting efficiency and energy output need further study. This research investigated bioenergy production...
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Sonar Pulse Detection Using Chirp Rate Estimation and CFAR Algorithms
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new approach to sonar pulse detection. The method uses chirp rate estimators and algorithms for the adaptive threshold, commonly used in radiolocation. The proposed approach allows detection of pulses of unknown parameters, which may be used in passive hydrolocation or jamming detection in underwater communication. Such an analysis is possible thanks to a new kind of imaging, which presents signal energy in...
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Tonality Estimation and Frequency Tracking of Modulated Tonal Components
PublikacjaA novel method for tonality estimation and frequency tracking of tonal components modulated in frequency and amplitude is presented. The algorithm detects the local maxima of magnitude spectra corresponding to three contiguous frames of a signal and matches them into the tonal track candidates. The magnitude-based and phase-based methods are used to estimate the frequency jumps between spectrum maxima belonging to the tonal track...
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The efficiency of pollutants removal and concepts on improvement for single-family TWs
PublikacjaIn the rural areas building of sewerage systems and central wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often brings too high costs, due to high distances from one farm to another and terrain configuration. Individual treatment systems for each farm are a good solution. Theteratment wetlands for nine individual farms were constructed in Kaszubian Lake District in summer and autumn 2009. Three configurations of hydrophyte beds were chosen....
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Strategies for Achieving Energy Neutrality in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems – a Case Study of the Slupsk WWTP (northern Poland)
PublikacjaThe paper presents a model-based evaluation of technological upgrades on the energy and cost balance in a large biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Slupsk (northern Poland). The proposed upgrades include chemically enhanced primary sludge removal and reduction of the nitrogen load in the deammonification process employed for reject water treatment. Simulations enabled to estimate the increased...
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Similar concentration of surfactants in rural and urban areas
PublikacjaSince surfactants are used in various products, they end up in surface and wastewater. Surfactants may therefore impact ecosystems and living organisms. Actually, only few anionic surfactants and some alkylphenols are regulated. There is no comprehensive evaluation of surfactants in the atmosphere, surfaces and waters of areas of increasing anthropic levels. Here, we measured the levels of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants...
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Sewage gardens - constructed wetlands for single family households
PublikacjaDuring the last 30 years the increase of interest in low-cost decentralized and small wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is observed in Europe. For this purpose sand filters, stabilization ponds, mini reactors with activated sludge, trickling filters and treatment wetlands are used. Among the listed facilities treatment wetlands (TWs) offer effective and reliable treatment efficiency, being at the same time low-cost and simple...
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Strategies for achieving energy neutrality in biological nutrient removal systems - a case study of the Slupsk WWTP (northern Poland)
PublikacjaThe paper presents a model-based evaluation of technological upgrades on the energy and cost balance in a large biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Slupsk (northern Poland). The proposed upgrades include chemically enhanced primary sludge removal and reduction of the nitrogen load in the deammonification process employed for reject water treatment. Simulations enabled to estimate the increased...
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Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion
PublikacjaPhotocatalytic oxidation over suspended solid photocatalysts (e.g., titanium dioxide) has been proposed as a sustainable process for treatment and purification of water and wastewater as well as the process for photoconversion of solar energy to hydrogen, methane, and other low hydrocarbons. Solar radiation could be used to drive heterogeneous electrochemical reactions at the surface of an optically active photocatalyst (e.g.,...
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Estimation of a smoothness parameter by spline wavelets
PublikacjaWe consider the smoothness parameter s*(f) of a function f∈L2(R) in terms of Besov spaces. The existing results on estimation of smoothness [K. Dziedziul, M. Kucharska and B. Wolnik, J. Nonparametric Statist. 23 (2011)] employ the Haar basis and are limited to the case 0
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Comparison of new position estimation algorithm for indoor environment
PublikacjaIn the paper a new position estimation algorithm based on distance measurements is presented. This algorithm is dedicated for indoor environments. In the paper the new algorithm is compared with Chan algorithm. For the comparison were used real measurements conducted inside a building.
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The circle object detection with the use of Msplit estimation
PublikacjaThe paper presents the use of Msplit(q) - estimation in the filtration and aggregation of point clouds containing a known number of elliptical shapes with preliminary unknown - locations and dimensions. These theoretical solutions may have practical relevance especially in the modelling of terrestrial laser scanning data of objects that have similar shape to circles. Mentioned shapes can be scanned of tree trunks, columns, gutters,...
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Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal - Nowy - Nowy
Kursy OnlineKurs jest przeznaczony dla studentów 1 semestru studiów II stopnia stacjonarnych w języku angielskim - specjalność Environmental Engineering. Kurs ma na celu zapoznanie studentów z zagadnieniami dotyczącymi zasobów wodnych, ujęć i uzdatniania wody, odbioru, transportu i zagospodarowania ścieków i wód opadowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwiązań zdecentralizowanych (m.in. retencja i rozsączanie wód opadowych, rozwiązania kanalizacji...
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Wastewater and water quality control 2023/24
Kursy Online -
Wastewater and water quality control 2022/23
Kursy Online -
Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an ESPAR Antenna with Simplified Beam Steering
PublikacjaIn this paper, it has been shown, how electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna, in which beam steering is done in a simple way, can be used for directionof- arrival (DoA) estimation of an unknown signal impinging the antenna. The concept is based on an ESPAR antenna having twelve parasitic elements, in which beam switching is realized by RF switches providing required loads to its parasitic elements. Numerical...
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ESPAR Antenna-Based WSN Node With DoA Estimation Capability
PublikacjaIn this paper, we present a low-cost energy-efficient electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna-based wireless sensor network (WSN) node designed for IEEE 802.15.4 standard that is capable of performing direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in real-life outdoor environments. To this end, we propose the WSN node architecture, design and realization that utilizes NXP JN5168 radio frequency (RF) wireless transceiver...
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On Adaptive Spectrum Estimation of Multivariate Autoregressive Locally Stationary Processes
PublikacjaAutoregressive modeling is a widespread parametricspectrum estimation method. It is well known that, in the caseof stationary processes with unknown order, its accuracy canbe improved by averaging models of different complexity usingsuitably chosen weights. The paper proposes an extension of thistechnique to the case of multivariate locally stationary processes.The proposed solution is based on local autoregressive...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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Assessment of the Impact of GNSS Processing Strategies on the Long-Term Parameters of 20 Years IWV Time Series
PublikacjaAdvanced processing of collected global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations allows for the estimation of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), which in turn can be converted to the integrated water vapour (IWV). The proper estimation of GNSS IWV can be affected by the adopted GNSS processing strategy. To verify which of its elements cause deterioration and which improve the estimated GNSS IWV, we conducted eight reprocessings...
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On adaptive selection of estimation bandwidth for analysis of locally stationary multivariate processes
PublikacjaWhen estimating the correlation/spectral structure of a locally stationary process, one should choose the so-called estimation bandwidth, related to the effective width of the local analysis window. The choice should comply with the degree of signal nonstationarity. Too small bandwidth may result in an excessive estimation bias, while too large bandwidth may cause excessive estimation variance. The paper presents a novel method...
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Estimation of Average Speed of Road Vehicles by Sound Intensity Analysis
PublikacjaConstant monitoring of road traffic is important part of modern smart city systems. The proposed method estimates average speed of road vehicles in the observation period, using a passive acoustic vector sensor. Speed estimation based on sound intensity analysis is a novel approach to the described problem. Sound intensity in two orthogonal axes is measured with a sensor placed alongside the road. Position of the apparent sound...