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Search results for: AMPEROMETRIC GAS SENSORS
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Sorption properties of asphaltene stationary phases for gas chromatography separations
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad możliwością wykorzystania faz stacjonarnych na bazie frakcji asfaltenowych do rozdzielania mieszanin związków chemicznych z wykorzystaniem chromatografii gazowej oraz porównano selektywność faz przygotowanych z frakcji asfaltenowych wyizolowanych z różnych surowców. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników obliczono wartości liniowych indeksów retencji oraz stałych Rohrschneidera McReynoldsa, za pomocą...
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OPTIMALIZATION OF SORBENT FEEDING IN THE DRY METHOD OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION
PublicationThe swiftly developing sea transport contributes to a considerable increase of fuel usage in the international shipping, which results in the escalation of toxic compounds emitted into the atmosphere. It is followed by the constantly heightened requirements limiting those emissions. In the case of sulfur oxide emission, inside of SECA (Sulfur Emission Control Area), the maximum content of sulfur in the shipping fuels used on the...
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Simulations of behaviour of granular bodies using a lattice-gas automaton.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy przepływu materiałów granulowanych podczas 3 różnych problemów: przepływu silosowego, przepływu kanałowego i tworzenia się nasypu. W modelu zaczerpniętym z teorii gazów przyjęto kolizje cząsteczek i dysypację energii. Wyniki porównano z doświadczeniami.
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Technical State Assessment of Charge Exchange System of Self-Ignition Engine, Based On the Exhaust Gas Composition Testing
PublicationThis paper presents possible use of results of exhaust gas composition testing of self - ignition engine for technical state assessment of its charge exchange system under assumption that there is strong correlation between considered structure parameters and output signals in the form of concentration of toxic compounds (ZT) as well as unambiguous character of their changes. Concentration of the analyzed ZT may be hence considered...
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Determination of antifreeze substances in the airport runoff waters by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
PublicationA new method has been developed for the determination of antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and diethylene glycol (DEG) in the samples of airport runoff water. The method is based on headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS–SPME) of target analytes, which is coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Until now, there was a lack of appropriate methodology for collecting reliable...
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Integrated plant-wide modelling for evaluation of the energy balance and greenhouse gas footprint in large wastewater treatment plants
PublicationModern wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) should maintain a balance between three combined sustainability criteria, including effluent quality, energy performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. All of these criteria were considered in the integrated plant-wide model developed in this study. The proposed model incorporates new features, including: (i) the addition of associated facilities to the overall energy balance and...
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Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a miniature gas turbine supplied by blends of kerosene and waste tyre pyrolysis oil
PublicationFossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that could be depleted in the near future, giving rise to amajor energy crisis. Scientists from all over the world are working on new technologies to produce fuelnot only from renewable sources but also from waste. This article is concerned with: (i) waste tyremanagement by means of the pyrolysis process, (ii) investigation of physico-chemical parameters ofwaste tyre pyrolysis oil...
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Monolithic capsule phase microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water samples
PublicationIn this study, a capsule phase microextraction (CPME) protocol followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is proposed for the accurate and sensitive monitoring of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water samples. Different monolithic sol–gel encapsulated sorbents were compared and monolithic sol–gel poly(ethylene glycol)-based sorbent incorporated into porous microextraction capsules resulted in the highest...
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A geophysical, geochemical and microbiological study of a newly discovered pockmark with active gas seepage and submarine groundwater discharge (MET1-BH, central Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea)
PublicationHigh-resolution bathymetric data were collected with a multi-beam echosounder in the southern part of the Baltic Sea (region MET1, Gulf of Gdańsk) revealing the presence of a 10 m deep and 50 m in diameter pockmark (MET1-BH) on the sea bottom (78.7 m). To date, no such structures have been observed to reach this size in the Baltic Sea. The salinity of the near-bottom water in the pockmark was about 2 PSU (about 31.22 mmol/l...
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Advanced operating methods
PublicationSelected operating methods of resistive gas sensors were presented. The methods utilize flicker noise (1/f noise), which gives additional information about ambient gas when compared with the recorded changes of DC resistance only. Methods of flicker noise measurements were outlined. Recently developed prototype gas sensors comprising golden nanoparticle functionalized with organic ligands can generate intense flicker noise induced...
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Evaluation of the significance of the effect of the active cross-sectional area of the inlet air channel on the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas of a diesel engine using statistics F of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution
PublicationThis paper presents the application of Fisher-Snedecor distribution F statistics to assess the significance of the influence of changes in the active cross-sectional area of the inlet air channel (Adol) flow in a diesel engine on the observed diagnostic parameter determined on the basis of measurements of the quick changing exhaust gas temperature in the outlet channel, which is the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas stream within...
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Prediction of the Biogenic Amines Index of Poultry Meat Using an Electronic Nose
PublicationThe biogenic amines index of fresh chicken meat samples during refrigerated storage was predicted based on the headspace analysis using an electronic nose equipped with an array of electrochemical sensors. The reference biogenic amines index values were obtained using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A prototype electronic nose with modular construction and a dedicated sample chamber...
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Reduced graphene oxide doping with nanometer-sized ferrocene moieties – New active material for glucose redox sensors
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Radar water level sensors for full implementation of the river information services of border and lower section of the Oder in Poland
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Application of sol-gel-developed integrated optic devices to biochemical fiber optic sensors based on polarimetric interferometry.
PublicationW pracy omówiono zasady działania sensorów optycznych wykonanych w technologii optyki zintegrowanej i wykorzystujących interferometrię polaryzacyjną. Zaproponowano konstrukcję jednorazowego przetwornika pomiarowego, wykonanego w technologii sol-żel z materiałów hybrydowych, która umożliwia wykorzystanie nieodwracalnych reakcji chemicznych do pomiarów w medycynie, chemii i ochronie środowiska. Omówiono technologię syntezy materiałów...
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Market Price Prediction of Property Rights from Gas Fired Plants or Plants with Total Installed CHP Source Capacity Below 1 MW until 2025
PublicationThe resolution on the Polish Energy Policy until 2030 (PEP-30) was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 10 November 2009. The document specifies the combined electricity and heat generation as a direction of pursuing the goals of energy efficiency, fuel and energy supply security, competitive fuel and energy markets development, and reduction of the energy sector’s environmental impact. PEP-30 assumes that electricity generation...
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Determination of fuel combustion product in airport runoff water samples using liquid–liquid extraction with gas chromatography–spectrometry
PublicationDetermination of xenobiotics in samples of airport runoff water is both a complex and indispensable task due to an increasing threat resulting from the activities of numerous airports. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a procedure based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, no...
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Enantioselective comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography of lavender essential oil
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Effects of a rotating magnetic field on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient
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The Effect of CO2 Gas Emissions on the Market Value, Price and Shares Returns
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Electrochemical investigations of stainless steels used in flue‐gas desulphurization units
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Accelerated solvent extraction-gas chromatographic determination of acidic herbicides in soil
PublicationPrzyspieszona ekstrakcja rozpuszczalnikiem z wykorzystaniem wody jako ekstraktanta okazała się skutecznym sposobem izolacji herbicydów kwasowych (MCPP, MCPA, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, PCP, dinoseb, dinoterb) z próbek gleby. Wysoka zawartość substancji iłowych powodowała problemy techniczne, które udało się pokonać poprzez zwiększenie stosunku piasku do gleby w celce ekstrakcyjnej. Anality przenoszono z ekstraktu wodnego do rozpuszczalnika...
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Procedure of determination of volatile trihalomethanes in human urine with perwaporation and gas chromatography
PublicationPraca przedstawia wyznaczanie podstawowych parametrów walidacyjnych nowej procedury oznaczania lotnych związków chlorowcoorganicznych z grupy trihalometanów w próbkach moczu ludzkiego, opartej na zastosowaniu:- techniki perwaporacji na etapie izolacji i wzbogacania analitów;- bezpośredniego dozowania próbek ekstraktów (permeatu) do kolumny chromatograficznej;- chromatograficznego rozdzielanie mieszaniny na poszczególne składniki;-wykorzystaniu...
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Modern techniques of sample preparation for determination of organic analytes by gas chromatography
PublicationW pracy dokonano przeglądu szerokiego spektrum technik przygotowania próbki, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem technik o charakterze prośrodowiskowym. Opisu technik dokonano pod kątem wykorzystywanych mechanizmów izolacji analitów oraz stosowanych rozwiązań aparaturowych. Przegląd rozwiązań aparaturowych uzupełniono o podstawy teoretyczne izolacji bazującej na zjawisku podziału analitów.
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Flue gas treatment for SO2 removal with air-sparged hydrocyclone technology
PublicationWyniki badań dowodzą, że reaktor cyklonowy jest wysokosprawnym absorberem. Absorber cyklonowy pozwala na osiągnięcie stopnia redukcji 97% dla samej wody i zawartości dwutlenku siarki w fazie gazowej 5 mg/dm3. Dwutlenek siarki był usuwany również w wodnym rozworze alkaicznym (0.01 mol NaOH/dm3).
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A proposal of ship gas-turbine driven waterjet propulsion - preliminary considerations
PublicationPodstawową rolę w napędzie strugowodnym spełnia pompa. Jest ona napędzana, za pośrednictwem wału przez wysokoprężny silnik spalinowy lub turbinę gazową. Napęd strugowodny może być nawet sprawniejszy energetycznie, niż napęd konwencjonalny (śrubą okrętową), wszakże pod warunkiem właściwego doboru dyszy, pompy i silnika napędowego
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Properties of a lithium solid electrolyte gas sensor based on reaction kinetics
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania, budowę i właściwości czujnika gazu na bazie elektrolitu stałego z mobilnymi jonami litu. Czujnik został przygotowany w technologii grubowarstwowej. Przedstawiono wyniki badań czujnika w mieszaninach gazów toksycznych.
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Preparation of environmental samples for gas chromatographic determination of selected organic pollutants
PublicationOpisano różne metody izolacji i wzbogacania zanieczyszczeń organicznych z ciekłych, gazowych i stałych próbek środowiskowych. Opisano konstrukcję i testowanie nowych systemów do przygotowania próbek oraz ich zastosowanie w połączeniu z chromatografią gazową do oznaczania zanieczyszczeń organicznych w póbkach rzeczywistych.
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Derivatisation in gas chromatographic determination of acidic herbicides inaqueous environmental samples.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono przegląd literaturowy dotyczący wykorzystania derywatyzacji w oznaczaniu herbicydów kwasowych w wodnych próbkach środowiskowych za pomocą chromatografii gazowej. Omówiono główne typy reakcji (transestryfikacja, estryfikacja, sililowanie, alkilacja, alkilacja ekstraktywna i pirolityczna), które powodują utworzenie pochodnych, łatwych do analizy techniką chromatografii gazowej. Scharakteryzowano także...
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Flue gas treatment for SO2 removal with air-sparged hydrocyclone technology
PublicationOpisano wstępne wyniki badań laboratoryjnych usuwania SO2 z mieszaniny gazów z zastosowaniem reaktora cyklonowego (ASH). Do absorpcji stosowano wodę wodociągową oraz roztwór alkaliów. Zbadano wpływ natężenia przepływu gazu, natężenia przepływu wody oraz długość elementów ASH. Stwierdzono, że efektywność absorpcji SO2 z powietrza stosując technologię ASH jest porównywalna z efektywnością metod konwencjonalnych.
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Standard gas mixtures – indispensable reference materials in the analysis of gaseous media
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Procedure of determination of volatile trihalomethanes in human urine with pervaporation and gas chromatography
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Some remarks on gas chromatographic challenges in the context of green analytical chemistry
PublicationOmówiono możliwości wprowadzenia zasad zielonej chemii analitycznej w odniesieniu do technik chromatograficznych.
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Liquid circulation in the agitated airlift reactor with the high gas disengagement zone
PublicationPrzedstawiono doświadczalne zależności stopnia zatrzymania gazu i prędkości cyrkulacji cieczy od prędkości przepływu gazu i częstości obrotów mieszadła. Obserwowano wzrost prędkości cyrkulacji cieczy ze wzrostem wysokości strefy napowietrzania. Dla niskich częstości obrotów mieszadła prędkość cyrkulacji cieczy wzrastała wraz ze wzrostem prędkości przepływu gazu, natomiast dla wysokich cząstości obrotów mieszadła prędkość cyrkulacji...
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Dissociative electron attachment to gas phase thiothymine: experimental and theoretical approaches
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Ag/Pt-modified TiO2 nanoparticles for toluene photooxidation in the gas phase
PublicationAg/Pt-modified TiO2nanocomposites were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The effect of metal typeand amount as well as synthesis route on the photocatalytic activity in reaction of toluene removal, usedas a model volatile organic compound, was investigated. Toluene, at the concentration of about 200 ppm,was irradiated over modified TiO2using light-emitting diodes (LEDs, max= 415 nm). The results showedthat toluene could be...
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Non-matrix reference matrials- chalanges in the preparation of standard gas mixtures
PublicationIn the last few years particularly great pressure is exerted on quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results. An invaluable role in this process is played by reference materials. The paper presents the characteristics of basic types of reference materials, with particular attention to gaseous reference materials. In addition, a review of literature on techniques of preparation of gaseous standard materials, published...
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Non-matrix reference materials-the challenges in the preparation of standard gas mixtures
PublicationIn the last few years particularly great pressure is exerted on quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results. An invaluable role in this process is played by reference materials. The paper presents the characteristics of basic types of reference materials, with particular attention to gaseous reference materials.
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Evaluation of the structures size in the liquid-gas flow by gamma-ray absorption
PublicationThe rapid development of tomography methods particularly electrical, X and gamma rays allows for a wide range of the information about flow structure. However, all of such methods are quite complicated. At the same time much simpler systems as the measuring system of gamma rays absorption, allows to obtain a all key flow information which describe the two-phase flow. In the article the results of analyzes of radiometric signal...
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Weakly nonlinear dynamics of short acoustic waves in exponentially stratified gas
PublicationRozpatruje się dynamika krótkich (w porównywaniu z charakterystyczną skalą zmiany gęstości gazu atmosferycznego) fal akustycznych. Wyprowadzone nowe równanie ewolucyjne, które uwzględnia dyspersję i nieliniowy charakter propagacji tych fal. Porównuje sie liniowa i nieliniowa dynamika. Ilustracje propagacji, numeryczne wyliczione na podstawie nowych wzorów, są przedstawione. Indexed and abstracted (from vol. 32(1) 2007) in Science...
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Rozpoznawanie uszkodzeń w części przepływowej okrętowego turbinowego silnika spalinowego na podstawie wyników badania endoskopowego = Failures' recognising within the passages of a marine gas turbine engine on the basis of results of endoscopic investigation
PublicationThe paper deals with diagnostic issues concerning endoscopic examinations of marine gas turbine engines. There will be presented selected information about failures within the passages and accessible endoscopic methods and means enabling their detection. The author focuses on the endoscopic techniques and widely presents the possibilities of this quickly developed diagnostic method. There will be also presented representative results...
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Adoption of the F-statistic of Fisher-Snedecor distribution to analyze importance of impact of modifications of injector opening pressure of a compression ignition engine on specific enthalpy value of exhaust gas flow
PublicationThis article analyzes the effect of modifications of injector opening pressure on the operating values of a compression ignition engine, including the temperature of the fumes. A program of experimental investigation is described, considering the available test stand and measurement capabilities. The structure of the test stand on which the experimental measurements were conducted is presented. The method of introducing real modifications...
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Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)
PublicationThis article presents the results of investigations on the use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection (HSA-GC-PFPD) to evaluate the effectiveness of oxidation of postoxidative effluents from the production of bitumens. Samples of effluents from the bitumen oxidation unit were used in the experiments. In addition, the kinetics of effluent oxidation was also investigated. The content...
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Application of gas flow headspace liquid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of 4-methylimidazole in food samples employing experimental design optimization
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Simultaneous analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogenic hormones in water and wastewater samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electron capture detection
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Techno-economic evaluation of combined cycle gas turbine and a diabatic compressed air energy storage integration concept
PublicationMore and more operational flexibility is required from conventional power plants due to the increasing share of weather-dependent renewable energy sources (RES) generation in the power system. One way to increase power plant’s flexibility is integrating it with energy storage. The energy storage facility can be used to minimize ramping or shutdowns and therefore should lower overall generating costs and CO2 emissions. In this article,...
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A rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of antimicrobial onion organosulfur compounds in animal feed coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
PublicationA rapid analytical procedure is proposed for determining two antimicrobial onion organosulfur compounds, propyl disulfide (PDS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), in animal feed. The use of PTSO as a natural ingredient in animal feed is allowed due to its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms. Two analytical methodologies using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are compared. After the extraction...
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Various types of semiconductor photocatalysts modified by CdTe QDs and Pt NPs for toluene photooxidation in the gas phase under visible light
PublicationA novel synthesis process was used to prepare TiO2 microspheres, TiO2 P-25, SrTiO3 and KTaO3 decorated by CdTe QDs and/or Pt NPs. The effect of semiconductor matrix, presence of CdTe QDs and/or Pt NPs on the semiconductor surface as well as deposition technique of Pt NPs (photodeposition or radiolysis) on the photocatalytic activity were investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD),...
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Polymeric membrane-modified voltammetric sensors for lipophilic analytes with nanomolar detection limit: Key parameters influencing the response characteristics
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Pracujący w czasie rzeczywistym system detekcji gazów wykorzystujący przenośny komputer Raspberry PI oraz matrycę półprzewodnikowych czujników gazu
PublicationThe gas-analyzing systems based on the array of partially selective gas sensors and pattern-recognition techniques are potentially fast and lowcost alternative for other devices, like gas‑analysers. They give the possibility of recognition the type and the concentration of measured volatile compounds in their working environment. In this work we present the implementation of gas recognition system, in which the signals from an...