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Search results for: neural network
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Application of a hybrid mechanistic/machine learning model for prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor
PublicationNitrous oxide (N2O) is a key parameter for evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a new method for predicting liquid N2O production during nitrification was developed based on a mechanistic model and machine learning (ML) algorithm. The mechanistic model was first used for simulation of two 15-day experimental trials in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor. Then, model predictions...
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Computational Complexity and Its Influence on Predictive Capabilities of Machine Learning Models for Concrete Mix Design
PublicationThe design of concrete mixtures is crucial in concrete technology, aiming to produce concrete that meets specific quality and performance criteria. Modern standards require not only strength but also eco-friendliness and production efficiency. Based on the Three Equation Method, conventional mix design methods involve analytical and laboratory procedures but are insufficient for contemporary concrete technology, leading to overengineering...
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Development of an AI-based audiogram classification method for patient referral
PublicationHearing loss is one of the most significant sensory disabilities. It can have various negative effects on a person's quality of life, ranging from impeded school and academic performance to total social isolation in severe cases. It is therefore vital that early symptoms of hearing loss are diagnosed quickly and accurately. Audiology tests are commonly performed with the use of tonal audiometry, which measures a patient's hearing...
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Balanced Spider Monkey Optimization with Bi-LSTM for Sustainable Air Quality Prediction
PublicationA reliable air quality prediction model is required for pollution control, human health monitoring, and sustainability. The existing air quality prediction models lack efficiency due to overfitting in prediction model and local optima trap in feature selection. This study proposes the Balanced Spider Monkey Optimization (BSMO) technique for effective feature selection to overcome the local optima trap and overfitting problems....
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An ANN-Based Approach for Prediction of Sufficient Seismic Gap between Adjacent Buildings Prone to Earthquake-Induced Pounding
PublicationEarthquake-induced structural pounding may cause major damages to structures, and therefore it should be prevented. This study is focused on using an artificial neural network (ANN) method to determine the sufficient seismic gap in order to avoid collisions between two adjacent buildings during seismic excitations. Six lumped mass models of structures with a different number of stories (from one to six) have been considered in...
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Improved Modeling of Microwave Structures Using Performance-Driven Fully-Connected Regression Surrogate
PublicationFast replacement models (or surrogates) have been widely applied in the recent years to accelerate simulation-driven design procedures in microwave engineering. The fundamental reason is a considerable—and often prohibitive—CPU cost of massive full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analyses related to solving common tasks such as parametric optimization or uncertainty quantification. The most popular class of surrogates are data-driven...
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Statistical Data Pre-Processing and Time Series Incorporation for High-Efficacy Calibration of Low-Cost NO2 Sensor Using Machine Learning
PublicationAir pollution stands as a significant modern-day challenge impacting life quality, the environment, and the economy. It comprises various pollutants like gases, particulate matter, biological molecules, and more, stemming from sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial operations, agriculture, and natural events. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), among these harmful gases, is notably prevalent in densely populated urban regions. Given...
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Combined Single Neuron Unit Activity and Local Field Potential Oscillations in a Human Visual Recognition Memory Task
PublicationGOAL: Activities of neuronal networks range from action potential firing of individual neurons, coordinated oscillations of local neuronal assemblies, and distributed neural populations. Here, we describe recordings using hybrid electrodes, containing both micro- and clinical macroelectrodes, to simultaneously sample both large-scale network oscillations and single neuron spiking activity in the medial temporal lobe structures...
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Cascade Object Detection and Remote Sensing Object Detection Method Based on Trainable Activation Function
PublicationObject detection is an important process in surveillance system to locate objects and it is considered as major application in computer vision. The Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based models have been developed by many researchers for object detection to achieve higher performance. However, existing models have some limitations such as overfitting problem and lower efficiency in small object detection. Object detection in remote...
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Ensembling noisy segmentation masks of blurred sperm images
PublicationBackground: Sperm tail morphology and motility have been demonstrated to be important factors in determining sperm quality for in vitro fertilization. However, many existing computer-aided sperm analysis systems leave the sperm tail out of the analysis, as detecting a few tail pixels is challenging. Moreover, some publicly available datasets for classifying morphological defects contain images limited only to the sperm head. This...
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Machine-learning-based precise cost-efficient NO2 sensor calibration by means of time series matching and global data pre-processing
PublicationAir pollution remains a considerable contemporary challenge affecting life quality, the environment, and economic well-being. It encompasses an array of pollutants—gases, particulate matter, biological molecules—emanating from sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial activities, agriculture, and natural occurrences. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a harmful gas, is particularly abundant in densely populated urban areas. Given its...
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Comparison of Absorbed and Intercepted Fractions of PAR for Individual Trees Based on Radiative Transfer Model Simulations
PublicationThe fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) is a key parameter for estimating the gross primary production (GPP) of trees. For continuous, dense forest canopies, fAPAR, is often equated with the intercepted fraction, fIPAR. This assumption is not valid for individual trees in urban environments or parkland settings where the canopy is sparse and there are well-defined tree crown boundaries. Here, the distinction...
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Model-Based Adaptive Machine Learning Approach in Concrete Mix Design
PublicationConcrete mix design is one of the most critical issues in concrete technology. This process aims to create a concrete mix which helps deliver concrete with desired features and quality. Contemporary requirements for concrete concern not only its structural properties, but also increasingly its production process and environmental friendliness, forcing concrete producers to use both chemically and technologically complex concrete...
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Computer-Aided Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images Using Hybrid-Features and Random Forest Classifier
PublicationIn recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to using radiology imaging to automatically find COVID-19. (1) Background: There are now a number of computer-aided diagnostic schemes that help radiologists and doctors perform diagnostic COVID-19 tests quickly, accurately, and consistently. (2) Methods: Using chest X-ray images, this study proposed a cutting-edge scheme for the automatic recognition of COVID-19 and pneumonia....
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Neural Modelling of Steam Turbine Control Stage
PublicationThe paper describes possibility of steam turbine control stage neural model creation. It is of great importance because wider application of green energy causes severe conditions for control of energy generation systems operation Results of chosen steam turbine of 200 MW power measurements are applied as an example showing way of neural model creation. They serve as training and testing data of such neural model. Relatively simple...
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OBTAINING FLUID FLOW PATTERN FOR TURBINE STAGE WITH NEURAL MODEL.
PublicationIn the paper possibility of applying neural model to obtaining patterns of proper operation for fluid flow in turbine stage for fluid-flow diagnostics is discussed. Main differences between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers and neural model is given, also limitations and advantages of both are considered. Time of calculations of both methods was given, also possibilities of shortening that time with preserving the accuracy...
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Cleaner energy for sustainable future using hybrid photovoltaics-thermoelectric generators system under non-static conditions using machine learning based control technique
PublicationIn addition to the load demand, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) module determines the output power for thermoelectric generator systems. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is needed to track the optimal global power point as operating conditions change. The growing use of electricity and the decline in the use of fossil fuels have sparked interest in photovoltaic-TEG...
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Energy consumption optimization in wastewater treatment plants: Machine learning for monitoring incineration of sewage sludge
PublicationBiomass management in terms of energy consumption optimization has become a recent challenge for developed countries. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of materials and operating parameters controlling energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants necessitates the need for sophisticated well-organized disciplines in order to minimize energy consumption and dissipation. Sewage sludge (SS) disposal management is the key stage of...
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Embedded Representations of Wikipedia Categories
PublicationIn this paper, we present an approach to building neural representations of the Wikipedia category graph. We test four different methods and examine the neural embeddings in terms of preservation of graphs edges, neighborhood coverage in representation space, and their influence on the results of a task predicting parent of two categories. The main contribution of this paper is application of neural representations for improving the...
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Buried Object Characterization by Data-Driven Surrogates and Regression-Enabled Hyperbolic Signature Extraction
PublicationThis work addresses artificial-intelligence-based buried object characterization using FDTD-based electromagnetic simulation toolbox of a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to generate B-scan data. In data collection, FDTD-based simulation tool, gprMax is used. The task is to estimate geophysical parameters of a cylindrical shape object of various radii, buried at different positions in the dry soil medium simultaneously and independently...
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Towards neural knowledge DNA
PublicationIn this paper, we propose the Neural Knowledge DNA, a framework that tailors the ideas underlying the success of neural networks to the scope of knowledge representation. Knowledge representation is a fundamental field that dedicates to representing information about the world in a form that computer systems can utilize to solve complex tasks. The proposed Neural Knowledge DNA is designed to support discovering, storing, reusing,...
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Neurocontrolled Car Speed System
PublicationThe features of the synthesis of neural controllers for the car speed control system are considered in this article. The task of synthesis is to determine the weight coefficients of neural networks that provide the implementation of proportional and proportional-integralderivative control laws. The synthesis of controllers is based on an approach that uses a reversed model of the standard. A model of the car speed control system with...
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Decision making process using deep learning
PublicationEndüstri 4.0, dördüncü endüstri devrimi veya Endüstriyel Nesnelerin İnterneti (IIoT) olarak adlandırılan sanayi akımı, işletmelere, daha verimli, daha büyük bir esneklikle, daha güvenli ve daha çevre dostu bir şekilde üretim yapma imkanı sunmaktadır. Nesnelerin İnterneti ile bağlantılı yeni teknoloji ve hizmetler birçok endüstriyel uygulamada devrim niteliği taşımaktadır. Fabrikalardaki otomasyon, tahminleyici bakım (PdM – Predictive...
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Toward Intelligent Vehicle Intrusion Detection Using the Neural Knowledge DNA
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a novel intrusion detection approach using past driving experience and the neural knowledge DNA for in-vehicle information system security. The neural knowledge DNA is a novel knowledge representation method designed to support discovering, storing, reusing, improving, and sharing knowledge among machines and computing systems. We examine our approach for classifying malicious vehicle control commands...
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Adding Intelligence to Cars Using the Neural Knowledge DNA
PublicationIn this paper we propose a Neural Knowledge DNA based framework that is capable of learning from the car’s daily operation. The Neural Knowledge DNA is a novel knowledge representation and reasoning approach designed to support discovering, storing, reusing, improving, and sharing knowledge among machines and computing devices. We examine our framework for drivers' classification based on their driving behaviour. The experimental...
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Direct brain stimulation modulates encoding states and memory performance in humans
PublicationPeople often forget information because they fail to effectively encode it. Here, we test the hypothesis that targeted electrical stimulation can modulate neural encoding states and subsequent memory outcomes. Using recordings from neurosurgical epilepsy patients with intracranially implanted electrodes, we trained multivariate classifiers to discriminate spectral activity during learning that predicted remembering from forgetting,...
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Open-Set Speaker Identification Using Closed-Set Pretrained Embeddings
PublicationThe paper proposes an approach for extending deep neural networks-based solutions to closed-set speaker identification toward the open-set problem. The idea is built on the characteristics of deep neural networks trained for the classification tasks, where there is a layer consisting of a set of deep features extracted from the analyzed inputs. By extracting this vector and performing anomaly detection against the set of known...
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm segmentation from contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography using deep convolutional networks
PublicationOne of the most common imaging methods for diagnosing an abdominal aortic aneurysm, and an endoleak detection is computed tomography angiography. In this paper, we address the problem of aorta and thrombus semantic segmentation, what is a mandatory step to estimate aortic aneurysm diameter. Three end-to-end convolutional neural networks were trained and evaluated. Finally, we proposed an ensemble of deep neural networks with underlying...
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Toward Intelligent Recommendations Using the Neural Knowledge DNA
PublicationIn this paper we propose a novel recommendation approach using past news click data and the Neural Knowledge DNA (NK-DNA). The Neural Knowledge DNA is a novel knowledge representation method designed to support discovering, storing, reusing, improving, and sharing knowledge among machines and computing systems. We examine our approach for news recommendation tasks on the MIND benchmark dataset. By taking advantages of NK-DNA, deep...
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Generalised heart rate statistics reveal neurally mediated homeostasis transients
PublicationDistributions of accelerations and decelerations, obtained from increments of heart rate recorded during a head-up tilt table (HUTT) test provide short-term characterization of the complex cardiovascular response to a rapid controlled dysregulation of homeostasis. A generalised statistic is proposed for evaluating the neural reflexes responsible for restoring the homeostatic dynamics. An evaluation of the effects on heart rate...
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Dataset Characteristics and Their Impact on Offline Policy Learning of Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
PublicationThe Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits (CMAB) framework is pivotal for learning to make decisions. However, due to challenges in deploying online algorithms, there is a shift towards offline policy learning, which relies on pre-existing datasets. This study examines the relationship between the quality of these datasets and the performance of offline policy learning algorithms, specifically, Neural Greedy and NeuraLCB. Our results...
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Hotspot of human verbal memory encoding in the left anterior prefrontal cortex
PublicationBackground: Treating memory and cognitive deficits requires knowledge about anatomical sites and neural activities to be targeted with particular therapies. Emerging technologies for local brain stimulation offer attractive therapeutic options but need to be applied to target specific neural activities, at distinct times, and in specific brain regions that are critical for memory formation. Methods: The areas that are critical...
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Towards Knowledge Sharing Oriented Adaptive Control
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a knowledge sharing oriented approach to enable a robot to reuse other robots' knowledge by adapting itself to the inverse dynamics model of the knowledge-sharing robot. The purpose of this work is to remove the heavy fine-tuning procedure required before using a new robot for a task via reusing other robots' knowledge. We use the Neural Knowledge DNA (NK-DNA) to help robots gain empirical knowledge and...
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Machine Learning Applied to Aspirated and Non-Aspirated Allophone Classification—An Approach Based on Audio "Fingerprinting"
PublicationThe purpose of this study is to involve both Convolutional Neural Networks and a typical learning algorithm in the allophone classification process. A list of words including aspirated and non-aspirated allophones pronounced by native and non-native English speakers is recorded and then edited and analyzed. Allophones extracted from English speakers’ recordings are presented in the form of two-dimensional spectrogram images and...
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Accuracy Investigations of Turbine Blading Neural Models Applied to Thermal and Flow Diagnostics
PublicationPossibility of replacing computional fluid dynamics simulations by a neural model for fluid flow and thermal diagnostics of steam turbines is investigated. Results of calculations of velocity magnitude of steam for 3D model of the stator of steam turbine is presented.
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Special techniques and future perspectives: Simultaneous macro- and micro-electrode recordings
PublicationThere are many approaches to studying the inner workings of the brain and its highly interconnected circuits. One can look at the global activity in different brain structures using non-invasive technologies like positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measure physiological changes, e.g. in the glucose uptake or blood flow. These can be very effectively used to localize active patches...
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Deep Learning: A Case Study for Image Recognition Using Transfer Learning
PublicationDeep learning (DL) is a rising star of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) domains. Until 2006, many researchers had attempted to build deep neural networks (DNN), but most of them failed. In 2006, it was proven that deep neural networks are one of the most crucial inventions for the 21st century. Nowadays, DNN are being used as a key technology for many different domains: self-driven vehicles, smart cities,...
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Deep Learning
PublicationDeep learning (DL) is a rising star of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) domains. Until 2006, many researchers had attempted to build deep neural networks (DNN), but most of them failed. In 2006, it was proven that deep neural networks are one of the most crucial inventions for the 21st century. Nowadays, DNN are being used as a key technology for many different domains: self-driven vehicles, smart cities,...
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Breast MRI segmentation by deep learning: key gaps and challenges
PublicationBreast MRI segmentation plays a vital role in early diagnosis and treatment planning of breast anomalies. Convolutional neural networks with deep learning have indicated promise in automating this process, but significant gaps and challenges remain to address. This PubMed-based review provides a comprehensive literature overview of the latest deep learning models used for breast segmentation. The article categorizes the literature...
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Direct electrical brain stimulation of human memory: lessons learnt and future perspectives
PublicationModulation of cognitive functions supporting human declarative memory is one of the grand challenges of neuroscience, and of vast importance for a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite a recent surge of successful attempts at improving performance in a range of memory tasks, the optimal approaches and parameters for memory enhancement have yet to be determined. On a more fundamental...
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Application of spatial neural simulators of turbine blade rows to fluid flow diagnostics
PublicationThis chapter presents the results of neural modelling of fluid flow in steam turbine row. In modelling working conditions of the flow channel varied, thus the aim of the work was to reconstruct the reference state - distributions of velocity, pressure, and losses in flow channel - with high accuracy for fluid flow diagnostics.
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Language Models in Speech Recognition
PublicationThis chapter describes language models used in speech recognition, It starts by indicating the role and the place of language models in speech recognition. Mesures used to compare language models follow. An overview of n-gram, syntactic, semantic, and neural models is given. It is accompanied by a list of popular software.
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Problems of modelling toxic compounds emitted by a marine internal combustion engine in unsteady states
PublicationContemporary engine tests are performed based on the theory of experiment. The available versions of programmes used for analysing experimental data make frequent use of the multiple regression model, which enables examining effects and interactions between input model parameters and a single output variable. The use of multi-equation models provides more freedom in analysing the measured results, as those models enable simultaneous...
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Detection of Lexical Stress Errors in Non-Native (L2) English with Data Augmentation and Attention
PublicationThis paper describes two novel complementary techniques that improve the detection of lexical stress errors in non-native (L2) English speech: attention-based feature extraction and data augmentation based on Neural Text-To-Speech (TTS). In a classical approach, audio features are usually extracted from fixed regions of speech such as the syllable nucleus. We propose an attention-based deep learning model that automatically de...
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Methods of Artificial Intelligence for Prediction and Prevention Crisis Situations in Banking Systems
PublicationIn this paper, a support vector machine has been studied due to prediction of bank crisis. To prevent outcomes of crisis situations, artificial neural networks have been characterized as applied to stock market investments, as well as to test the credibility of the bank's customers. Finally, some numerical experiments have been presented.
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How Can We Identify Electrophysiological iEEG Activities Associated with Cognitive Functions?
PublicationElectrophysiological activities of the brain are engaged in its various functions and give rise to a wide spectrum of low and high frequency oscillations in the intracranial EEG (iEEG) signals, commonly known as the brain waves. The iEEG spectral activities are distributed across networks of cortical and subcortical areas arranged into hierarchical processing streams. It remains a major challenge to identify these activities in...
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Periodic and chaotic dynamics in a map‐based neuron model
PublicationMap-based neuron models are an important tool in modeling neural dynamics and sometimes can be considered as an alternative to usually computationally costlier models based on continuous or hybrid dynamical systems. However, due to their discrete nature, rigorous mathematical analysis might be challenging. We study a discrete model of neuronal dynamics introduced by Chialvo in 1995. In particular, we show that its reduced one-dimensional...
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Self Organizing Maps for Visualization of Categories
PublicationVisualization of Wikipedia categories using Self Organizing Mapsshows an overview of categories and their relations, helping to narrow down search domains. Selecting particular neurons this approach enables retrieval of conceptually similar categories. Evaluation of neural activations indicates that they form coherent patterns that may be useful for building user interfaces for navigation over category structures.
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Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Tool and Digital Framework for Substituting Daylight Simulations In Early- Stage Architectural Design Evaluation
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to examine the new method of obtaining the simulation-based results using backpropagation of errors artificial neural networks. The primary motivation to conduct the research was to determine an alternative, more efficient and less timeconsuming method which would serve to achieve the results of daylight simulations. Three daylight metrics: Daylight Factor, Daylight Autonomy and Daylight Glare Probability have...
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Widespread theta synchrony and high-frequency desynchronization underlies enhanced cognition
PublicationThe idea that synchronous neural activity underlies cognition has driven an extensive body of research in human and animal neuroscience. Yet, insufficient data on intracranial electrical connectivity has precluded a direct test of this hypothesis in a whole-brain setting. Through the lens of memory encoding and retrieval processes, we construct whole-brain connectivity maps of fast gamma (30-100 Hz) and slow theta (3-8 Hz) spectral...