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Search results for: HETEROTROPHIC SULFATE REDUCTION
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Integration of the sulfate reduction and anammox processes for enhancing sustainable nitrogen removal in granular sludge reactors
PublicationThe Anammox and Sulfate Reduction Ammonium Oxidation processes were compared in two granular sequencing batch reactors operated for 160 days under anammox conditions. It was hypothesized that increasing the concentration of SO42− may positively influence the rate of N removal under anaerobic conditions and it was tested whether SO42− reduction and anammox occur independently or are related to each other. The cooperation of N-S...
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Incorporation of the sulfur cycle in sustainable nitrogen removal systems - A review
PublicationIn wastewater treatment systems, sulfur (S) removal processes are generally based on heterotrophic sulfate (SO42−) reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria and S-dependent autotrophic denitrification by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. A combination of either two cycles (N and S) or three cycles (N, S and C) appears to be a viable approach to sustainable wastewater treatment, resulting in energy savings and reduction of sludge production....
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The role of the combined nitrogen-sulfur-carbon cycles for efficient performance of anammox-based systems
PublicationThe combined anammox/mixotrophic denitrification process was conducted in two granular sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) during a 200-day operation. Both reactors were fed with synthetic medium, but SBR2 was enriched with additional sulfate (SO4 2 ) which influenced sulfate reduction ammonium oxidation (SRAO) and heterotrophic reduction of SO4 2 by sulfate reducing bacteria. It was hypothesized that the addition of SO4 2 could...
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The Influence of Sulfate on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublicationAnaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a more comprehensive metabolism than expected - there may be other electron acceptors that oxidize ammonium nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, in addition to the well-known nitrite nitrogen, one of which is sulfate in the sulfammox process. Sulfate-containing compounds are part of the medium for the anammox process, but their concentrations are not particularly high (0.2 g MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O/dm3...
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10-Methyl- and 9,10-dimethyl acridinium methyl sulfate
PublicationThe title compounds, C(14)H(12)N(+).CH(3)O(4)S(-), (I), and C(15)H(14)N(+).CH(3)O(4)S(-), (II), respectively, crystallize with the planar 10-methylacridinium or 9,10-dimethylacridinium cations arranged in layers, parallel to the twofold axis in (I) and perpendicular to the 2(1) axis in (II). Adjacent cations in both compounds are packed in a 'head-to-tail' manner. The methyl sulfate anion only exhibits planar symmetry in (II)....
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Hyaluronan-Chondroitin Sulfate Anomalous Crosslinking Due to Temperature Changes
PublicationGlycosaminoglycans are a wide class of biopolymers showing great lubricating properties due to their structure and high affinity to water. Two of them, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, play an important role in articular cartilage lubrication. In this work, we present results of the all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of both molecules placed in water-based solution. To mimic changes of the physiological conditions,...
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Heterotrophic Anodic Denitrification in Microbial Fuel Cells
PublicationNowadays, pollution caused by energy production systems is a major environmental concern. Therefore, the development of sustainable energy sources is required. Amongst others, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) seems to be a possible solution because it can produce clean energy at the same time that waste is stabilized. Unfortunately, mainly due to industrial discharges, the wastes could contain nitrates, or nitrates precursors such...
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Studies of the Interaction Dynamics in Albumin-Chondroitin Sulfate Systems by Recurrence Method
PublicationThe physicochemical basis of lubrication of articular cartilage is still not fully understood. However, the synergy between components of the synovial fluid can be a crucial factor that could explain this phenomenon. This work presents a nonlinear data analysis technique named the recurrence method, applied to the system involving two components of synovial fluid: albumin and chondroitin sulfate (CS) immersed in a water environment....
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Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SULFAMMOX) process under anaerobic conditions
PublicationSulfate (SO42-) can be an electron acceptor for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) oxidation under anaerobic conditions. The process is known as sulfammox and can be a viable alternative to conventional, nitrite (NO2-) dependent, anammox. Two bacterial species, including Bacillus Benzoevorans and Brocadia Anammoxoglobus Sulfate, can perform that process. With sulfammox, an economically inefficient pre-nitration step (due to aeration) is...
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Diamondized carbon nanoarchitectures as electrocatalytic material for sulfate-based oxidizing species electrogeneration
PublicationThe introduction of nanotechnology seems to be an imperative factor to intensify the synergic effects of electrocatalytic materials to produce strong oxidant species or to increase the active sites on their surfaces as well as to enhance the conversion yield in a fuel cell, high-added value products, electrolytic treatment for environmental protection or the detection limit in electroanalysis. Recently, a new type of 3D-diamond...
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New insights into modeling two-step nitrification in activated sludge systems – The effects of initial biomass concentrations, comammox and heterotrophic activities
PublicationIn this study, the conventional two-step nitrification model was extended with complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) and heterotrophic denitrification on soluble microbial products. The data for model calibration/validation were collected at four long-term washout experiments when the solid retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were progressively reduced from 4 d to 1 d, with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)...
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Effect of alkyl sulfate on the phase behavior of microemulsions stabilized with monoacylglycerols
PublicationIn this study the effect of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS) and oils (hydrocarbons: C12-C16) on the formation and phase behavior of the systems of oil/monoacylglycerols (MAG):SDS/propylene glycol/water has been investigated. The effects of the surfactant mixture on the phase behavior and the concentrationof water or oil in the systems were studied at three temperatures (50, 55, 60 C). Electrical conductivity...
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Dual functionality of amphiphilic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids: surfactants with catalytic function
PublicationA series of amphiphilic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids were synthesized. Acidic hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids with the alkyl chains C6–C14 are characterized by good surface properties. Their surface properties (adsorption and micellization parameters, degree of ionization of micelles, Krafft temperatures and thermodynamic parameters) were determined. Synthesized ionic liquids were applied as a co-catalyst...
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The role of heterotrophic plate count bacteria in bottled water quality assessment
PublicationThe ever-growing popularity of bottled water is the result of many factors. One of the most relevant is the widespread belief that bottled water is safer for drinking than tap water. In fact many literature sources describe the rapid growth of the amounts of microorganisms in bottled water samples following the bottling process. The main purpose of this article is to collect the information on the factors which may affect this...
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Can sodium 1-alkylsulfonates participate in the sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle formation?
PublicationThe aggregation behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was studied in an aqueous solution in the presence of increasing concentrations of selected sodium 1-alkylsulfonates, namely sodium 1-octanesulfonate, sodium 1-decanesulfonate, and sodium 1-dodecanesufonate. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS was determined by conductivity and fluorescence intensity measurements. The steady-state fluorescence quenching experiments...
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Treatment of bitumen post oxidative effluents by sulfate radicals based advanced oxidation processes (S-AOPs) under alkaline pH conditions
PublicationSulfate radicals based Advanced Oxidation Processes (S-AOPs), namely Persulfate and peroxymonosulfate, were used for the treatment of post oxidative effluents from a production of petroleum bitumens under alkaline pH. Studies on the identification and monitoring of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along with COD, BOD and sulfide ions reduction were performed. Persulfate with a ratio between the oxygen from the oxidant and...
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Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of the Structure of Mixed Micellar Solutions Based on Heptaethylene Glycol Monotetradecyl Ether and Cesium Dodecyl Sulfate
PublicationThe micellization in mixed aqueous systems based on a nonionic surfactant, heptaethylene glycol monotetradecyl ether (C14E7), and an anionic surfactant, cesium dodecyl sulfate, has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. Preliminary data on the behavior of the C14E7 aqueous solutions (with three concentrations, 0.17, 0.5, and 1%) mixed with a small amount of anionic surfactant, cesium dodecyl sulfate, are reported.
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Sulfate‐reducing bacteria‐assisted hydrogen‐induced stress cracking of 2205 duplex stainless steels
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of the microbiologically assisted hydrogen‐induced stress cracking (HISC) of 2,205 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The testing of susceptibility toward HISC was performed with two different methods. Precharged in sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), inoculated medium samples were subjected to slow strain‐rate testing in artificial seawater. In situ constant load tests were...
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Statistical Method for Analysis of Interactions Between Chosen Protein and Chondroitin Sulfate in an Aqueous Environment
PublicationWe present the statistical method to study the interaction between a chosen protein and another molecule (e.g., both being components of lubricin found in synovial fluid) in a water environment. The research is performed on the example of univariate time series of chosen features of the dynamics of mucin, which interact with chondroitin sulfate (4 and 6) in four different saline solutions. Our statistical approach is based on recurrence...
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Reduction of steel chimney vibrations with a pendlum damper.
PublicationKarman vortices observed around chimneys may induce dangerous structural vi-brations at certain wind velocities. The aim of this paper is to analyse theeffectiveness of pendulum damper in vibration reduction of a steel chimney. A two degree-of-freedom system is used to model the behaviour of the struc-ture equipped with a damper. The results of the study show that the use of pendulum with tuned frequency leads to significant...
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First highly effective non-catalytic nitrobenzene reduction in UV/dithionite system with aniline production – Advanced reduction process (ARP) approach
PublicationAdvanced reduction processes (ARPs) are currently intensively investigated as an alternative to Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The study presents efficient reduction of nitrobenzene under non-catalytic conditions through reaction with free radicals having reductive potential. Effective conversion of nitrobenzene in a model wastewater solution, was obtained for sodium dithionite (SDT)/ dithionite (DTN). The developed process...
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Modal Reduction and Analysis of Gyroscopic Systems
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of the modal reduction of systems that experience the Coriolis acceleration or gyroscopic effect component. In such cases corresponding system equations are non-self-adjoined. To solve the problem modal reduced model is built up for the system without Coriolis acceleration or gyroscopic effect terms. These phenomena are included by application of any lumping technique. Hence, the final reduced model...
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Modern Arrangement for Reduction of Voltage Perturbations
PublicationThe contents of this chapter encompass general problems and the most important issues of power-supply-quality improvement in AC systems. In the context of the above, consideration is given to evaluation of bilateral interactions of receivers with an electrical power-distribution system and methods of their reduction. Also are discussed the basis of operation of the most important compensation-filtration devices and their applications...
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Direct reduction of pellets through hydrogen: Experimental and model behaviour
PublicationThis paper presents the hydrogen reduction behaviour of industrial pellets designed for the efficient hydrogen based direct reduction. The pellets were provided with very low non ferrous oxides percentage (0.52 of basicity index) and with the absence on TiO2 oxides. The pellets measured diameters in the range 1.14–1.72 cm and were characterized in terms of porosity, pores size, tortuosity and compression strength. The pellets were...
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Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oil of Ziziphora tenuior on Water by Heterotrophic Plate Counts Method in Kerman (Southeast of Iran)
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Optimization of Graphene Oxide Synthesis and Its Reduction
PublicationIn this article, we present the review of the chemical methods of synthesis of graphene oxide and its reduction in order to obtain the so-called reduced graphene oxide (rGO) whose properties are similar to those of pure graphene. We also present our experiments and the results in this field and the comparison of the efficiency of different methods of synthesis as well as the reduction of graphene oxide. To characterize the obtained...
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Hydrogen direct reduction and reoxidation behaviour of high-grade pellets
PublicationHigh grade pellets with basicity index close to 0.5 were directly reduced in pure hydrogen atmosphere. The reduction experiments were performed in the temperature range 800 e1000 C at the pressure of 8 bar. The pellets internal structure was analysed through micro tomography observations in the unreduced and reduced conditions. After reduction, the pellets showed a variation of porosity up to more than 15% with a remarkable change...
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A study of the kinetics of bismuth telluride synthesis by an oxide reduction method
PublicationThe kinetics of a reduction of bismuth and tellurium oxides in a hydrogen atmosphere, leading to the formation of thermoelectric bismuth telluride is investigated. The evaluation of the reaction kinetics was based on a thermogravimetric analysis performed in non-isothermal conditions. A non-parametric analysis method and the Friedman method were used for the evaluation of the data. Additionally, for a better understanding of the...
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Impact of Surfactant and Calcium Sulfate Type on Air-Entraining Effectiveness in Concrete
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Digital Government and Administrative Burden Reduction
PublicationAdministrative burden represents the costs to businesses, citizens and the administration itself of complying with government regulations and procedures. The burden tends to increase with new forms of public governance that rely less on direct decisions and actions undertaken by traditional government bureaucracies, and more on government creating and regulating the environment for other, non-state actors to jointly address public...
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Automatic Reduction-Order Selection for Finite-Element Macromodels
PublicationAn automatic reduction-order selection algorithm for macromodels in finite-element analysis is presented. The algorithm is based on a goal-oriented a posteriori error estimator that operates on low-order reduced blocks of matrices, and hence, it can be evaluated extremely quickly.
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Pilot scale degradation study of 16 selected volatile organic compounds by hydroxyl and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes
PublicationThe studies of effective technologies for complete degradation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are very important due to the high biotoxicity of the VOCs which makes the biological technologies ineffective. It also increases the risk of VOCs emission instead of their treatment when using open air biological technologies. In the present study, different types of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were investigated for...
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Fragmentation of Hydrographic Big Data Into Subsets During Reduction Process
PublicationThe article presented problems of fragmentation of hydrographic big data into smaller subsets during reduction process. Data reduction is a processing of reduce the value of the data set, in order to make them easier and more effective for the goals of the analysis. The main aim of authors is to create new reduction method. The article presented the first stage of this method – fragmentation of bathymetric data into subsets. It...
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A study of a reduction of a micro- and nanometric bismuth oxide in hydrogen atmosphere
PublicationA reduction of bismuth oxide in hydrogen atmosphere was investigated. The reaction was performed with a material in various structural forms: powder: with micrometric grains, powder with nanometric grains and powder pressed into pellets. The process was performed in both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. An activation energy of the reaction calculated with Friedman method was found to be about 85 kJ/mol for the reduction...
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Wideband Model Order Reduction for Macromodels in Finite Element Method
PublicationAbstract: This paper presents a novel algorithm for accelerating 3D Finite Element Method simulations by introducing macromodels created in local model order reduction in the selected subdomains of the computational domain. It generates the projection basis for a compact system of equations associated with a separate subdomain. Due to non-linear frequency dependency in the Right Hand Side (RHS), the standard reduction methods do...
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Electrical properties of Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.92Nb0.08O3-δ after reduction in different reducing conditions
PublicationElectrical properties of perovskite Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.92Nb0.08O3−ı after reduction in different conditions were studied. Relatively high electrical conductivity in samples reduced in ammonia was observed. The conductivity of Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.92Nb0.08O3−ı reduced in ammonia at 1500 ◦C was of about 600 S/cm at 200 ◦C. Conductivity after reduction in ammonia at 1500 ◦C was stable both in hydrogen and oxygen atmosphere up to 600 ◦C. Reduction...
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Isolation and Characterization of Pseudomonas spp. Strains That Efficiently Decompose Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
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Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate presence on esterification of propylene glycol with lauric acid
PublicationZbadano wpływ obecności dodecylosiarczanu sodu na bezpośrednią estryfikację glikolu propylenowego kwasem laurynowym. Zbadano także rozkład wielkości cząstek mikroemulsji tworzącej się in situ w trakcie estryfikacji glikolu propylenowego kwasem laurynowym w obecności różnych stężeń dodecylosiarczanu. Oceniono wartość równowagi hydrofilowo - lipofilowej zsyntetyzowanych emulgatorów.
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Efficient model order reduction for FEM analysis of waveguide structures and resonators
PublicationAn efficient model order reduction method for three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of waveguide structures is proposed. The method is based on the Efficient Modal Order Reduction (ENOR) algorithm for creating macro-elements in cascaded subdomains. The resulting macro-elements are represented by very compact submatrices, leading to significant reduction of the overall number of unknowns. The efficiency of the model...
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Testing the Effect of Bathymetric Data Reduction on the Shape of the Digital Bottom Model
PublicationDepth data and the digital bottom model created from it are very important in the inland and coastal water zones studies and research. The paper undertakes the subject of bathymetric data processing using reduction methods and examines the impact of data reduction according to the resulting representations of the bottom surface in the form of numerical bottom models. Data reduction is an approach that is meant to reduce the size...
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The Effectiveness of Polymer Damper in Damage Reduction of Temporary Steel Grandstand
PublicationA large number of accidents involving damage of temporary grandstands during different types of events were observed in the past. The aim of the paper is to analyse numerically the effectiveness of a polymer damper in damage reduction of a temporary steel scaffolding grandstand exposed to dynamic load due to jumping. The element has been installed as a diagonal one at the back part of the structure. The method has been compared...
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TiO2 and Reducing Gas: Intricate Relationships to Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets
PublicationIn response to the imperative for sustainable iron production with reduced CO2 emissions, this study delves into the intricate role of TiO2 in the direct reduction of iron oxide pellets. The TiO2-dependent reducibility of iron oxide pellets utilizing H2 and CO gas across varied temperatures and gas compositions is thoroughly investigated. Our findings unveil the nuanced nature of the TiO2 effect, underscored by its concentration-dependent...
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Deflated Preconditioned Solvers for Parametrized Local Model Order Reduction
PublicationOne of steps in the design of microwave filters is numerical tuning using full-wave simulators. Typically, it is a time-consuming process as it uses advanced computational methods, e.g. the finite-element method (FEM) and it usually requires multiple optimization steps before the specification goals are met. FEM involves solving a large sparse system of equations at many frequency points and therefore its computational cost is...
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The importance of the bottom layer in double-layer porous asphalt for noise reduction
PublicationDouble-layer porous asphalt concrete (DPAC) surfaces are generally considered to be the acoustically most effective low noise road surfaces ready for implementation. While DPAC used on highways in warm climates may have an average life of around 8 years, in Scandinavia with severe winter climate DPAC usually survive only about 3 years; partly due to wear of studded tyres. An ongoing project in Sweden, applying DPAC and single-layer...
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A Review of Reduction Methods of Impact of Common-Mode Voltage on Electric Drives.
PublicationIn this survey paper, typical solutions that focus on the reduction in negative effects resulting from the common-mode voltage influence in AC motor drive applications are re-examined. The critical effectiveness evaluation of the considered methods is based on experimental results of tests performed in a laboratory setup with an induction machine fed by an inverter. The capacity of a common-mode voltage level reduction and voltage...
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Reduction of road traffic noise by source measures — present and future strategies
PublicationThe current trend worldwide is less focused on reducing road traffic noise. This is in strong contrast to the severe impact of traffic noise to the general health and quality of life. A more holistic and combined strategy is needed. Current international rules and regulations regarding vehicles and tyres are not sufficient to reduce traffic noise levels in an effective way. Calculations show that these regulations will only yield...
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Thermohydraulic maldistribution reduction in mini heat exchangers
PublicationA detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel 1 mm × 1 mm rectangular minichannels and 1 mm depth minigap section with rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or concave manifolds in Z-type flow configuration. The working medium was ethanol and the mass flow rate was 5 × 10−4 kg/s. Both sections were heated from the bottom side. Heat flux of 10 000 W/m2 and 5000 W/m2 was...
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Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads
PublicationAccording to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than...
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The Method of reduction of aerodynamic forces generated in turbine blade seals
PublicationThe distibution of pressure in the seal gaps does not only affect the so called '' leakage losses'' and the turbine stage overall efficiency but also plays an important role in the generation of aerodynamic forces which may cause self-excited rotor vibrations. The paper describes a chamber seal applied for the reduction of the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. This kind of turbine seal was patented and tested.
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Application of polymer element in reduction of temporary steel grandstand vibrations
PublicationThe numerical analysis focused on reduction of vibrations of a temporary steel scaffolding grandstand has been conducted in this paper. These types of structures are regularly subjected to dynamic loads which, in conjunction with light and quite slender structural members, may induce dangerous vibrations. To increase their safety, temporary steel grandstands are usually strengthened with the diagonal stiffeners of tubular cross...