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total: 144
Search results for: PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCE
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Electromodulation and magnetomodulation of exciton dissociation in electron donor (starburst amine) : electron acceptor (bathocuproine) system
PublicationElectric field dependencies of electromodulated photoluminescence and photocurrents as well as the magnetic field effects on photocurrents, photovoltaic characteristics, electromodulated photoluminescence and photoluminescence have been investigated in vacuum evaporated films of m-MTDATA:BCP (4,4',4''-tris(N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine and bathocuproine) system. The electromodulation processes do remain in accordance...
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Consequences of suboptimal design of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation – a case study for Gdansk, Poland
PublicationThe carried out analysis concerns 2 kWp building integrated photovoltaic installation (BIPV) at the Chemistry Faculty of Gdansk University of Technology. It was proven that the generated energy data for every month diverge significantly from the expected vales. It is corelated with suboptimal orientation of the installation itself, as well as with the tilt angle varying from optimal.
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Simulation investigation of perovskite-based solar cells
PublicationThree models of thin-layer lead-halide perovskite solar cells with different electron-transport layers (TiO2,SnO2,ZnO) were investigatedby the simulation method. The perovskite layer thickness was optimized for all the systems. The analysis of the standard photovoltaic cell performanceparameters at various operating temperatures was performed. The best performance was achieved for the system with theSnO2conductive layer.
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AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE DESIGN PROCESS OF HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATIONS
PublicationThe paper presents the final version of intelligent system to support the design process of hybrid photovoltaic systems supported by fuel cells and / or thermoelectric generators developed and constructed at the Institute of Electron Technology, as well as to conduct experiments and research. A block diagram of the system and the selection of its components is described and discussed. The paper considers the availability of the...
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Recycling of photovoltaic modules - legal status, technology, market prospects
PublicationThe increase in the number of manufactured and installed photovoltaic modules and the growing concern about the insufficient supply of pure silicon imply the need to take action to develop infrastructure for recycling PV modules. The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the current state of development of the photovoltaic module recycling sector from a global and national perspective. The essence of the issue was introduced...
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Optimisation of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen energy storage toward the lowest net present cost
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility based on intermittent renewable energy sources in the form of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules, supplemented with hydrogen energy storage. The adopted power supply strategy assumed the maximisation of self-consumption of self-produced electricity. Six variants were considered, including two with an energy...
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR CELL MATERIALS
PublicationIn today’s world, fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and gas, are the primary energy sources from which electricity is obtained. As they are exhaustible and their exploitation has a negative impact on the natural environment, they should be, at least partially, replaced by renewable energy sources. One of these sources is solar energy. The use of solar energy releases no CO2, SO2, or NO2 gases, and does not contribute to global...
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Modification of current-voltage characteristics of planar organic systems by nm-thick interlayer
PublicationEffect of nm-thick interlayer of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) or perylene dye (MePTCDI) on current-voltage characteristics of planar organic systems is discussed in the work. The MePTCDI layer strongly limits injection of holes from ITO into CuPc, while CuPc limits injection of electrons from ITO into MePTCDI. In the systems with CuPc/MePTCDI heterojunction an explicit photovoltaic effect occurs.
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Selected Technical Requirements for Photovoltaic Plant Interconnection with a Medium Voltage Grid
PublicationThe article discusses some selected technical requirements, which according to these authors should be recognised and met by photovoltaic power plants connected to national distribution grids in the context of their likely development. This development today is limited, since Polish legislation has not implemented the relevant EU Directive [8]. The study points out the purposefulness of incorporating the necessary requirements...
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Reliable renewable energy – application of electrochemical capacitors for electrical energy storage
PublicationThis paper presents electrical energy storage devices such as electrochemical capacitors, their principle of operation and electrode materials most commonly used in their manufacturing technology. Moreover, our research on development of new nanocomposite materials based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and conducting polymer is shown. Additionally, the possibility and advantages of application of supercapacitors for accumulation...
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Influence of Fragment Size on the Time and Temperature of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Lamination Decomposition in the Photovoltaic Module Recycling Process
PublicationPhotovoltaics is a commercially available and reliable technology with significant potential for long-term growth in nearly all global regions. Several research institutes and companies are working on recycling concepts for thin film modules and modules with crystalline cells. The establishment of recycling and reuse technologies appropriate and applicable to all photovoltaics (PV) modules is a key issue to be addressed as part...
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Residual current devices in installations with PV energy sources
PublicationThe paper presents the principles of residual current devices (RCDs) application in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Provisions of standards in this regard are commented on, in particular, attention is drawn to the lack of obligation to use of RCDs in PV installations. The issue of the shape of the earth fault current and the level of leakage currents in such installations are discussed. These factors influence the selection of...
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NEW SOLUTIONS FOR THE SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLERS DESIGN FOR OBTAINING TRUE MPP IN PARTLY SHADED PV MODULES
PublicationSoft shading sources such as tree limbs, structural elements of buildings and chimneys, scatter and refract sunlight, significantly reducing the amount of radiation reaching the surface of the module. The hard shadings located directly on the surface (i.e. bird droppings, leaves, snow) tend to stop sunlight completely. These phenomena significantly affects the output characteristics of photovoltaic modules and often contribute...
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Photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions with interpenetrating network based on semiconducting polymers
PublicationPhotovoltaic cells are supposed to be the most common generators of useful electricity in the nearest future as they utilize inexhaustible carriers of renewable energy called photons. Despite the fact that 95% of worldwide applied photovoltaic devices are based on inorganic semiconductors the area of organic photovoltaics grows successively due to possibility of considerable reduction of manufacturing costs. Since the Heeger's...
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Ice Load Characteristics on Floating Photovoltaic Platform
PublicationNowadays, based upon human needs and preferring perpetual types of energy, photovoltaic system (PV) is a suitable alternative and more frequently used in northern countries, which are recently more attracted by solar power. The new floating type of the structure is installed in the water bodies instead of land. One of the main elements in floating photovoltaic structures is the forces imposed on the panels. In the northern regions,...
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Influence of the fragment size on the recycling process of thin-film modules based on CdTe
PublicationFor several years, the production of second generation cells (the so-called thin film), produced from amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe) or copper indium (gallium) diselenide (CI(G)S), has been increasing. The total number of end-of-life panels by 2050 is expected to reach 9.57 million tonnes. They contain heavy metals that can be leached into the environment at the land field. The EU directive on waste electrical and...
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Theoretical designing of selenium heterocyclic non-fullerene acceptors with enhanced power conversion efficiency for organic solar cells: a DFT/TD-DFT-based prediction and understanding
PublicationIn this study, we have designed and explored a new series of non-fullerene acceptors for possible applications in organic solar cells. We have designed four molecules named as APH1 to APH4 after end-capped modification of recently synthesized Y6-Se-4Cl molecule. Density functional theory and time dependent-density functional theory have been employed for computing geometric and photovoltaic parameters of the designed molecules....
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Enhanced trap-assisted recombination in organic semiconductors
PublicationAn analytical model to describe the interaction of excitons and charge transfer states with deep traps is formulated for the case of molecular materials. Here, we have considered the influence of a trap-assisted recombination on this phenomenon. The final expression for the effective recombination rate has been derived from the Shockley–Read–Hall theory and kinetic equations which characterize different photophysical processes....
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Influence of dipoles on the recombination in organic photovoltaic devices
PublicationAlthough organic compounds are promising materials to use them in photovoltaic devices, the efficiencies of organic solar cells are still lower in comparison to inorganic photocells. The recombination of charge carriers leads to the loss of photocurrent, therefore a detailed theoretical description of this process is required. In the present work, an influence of interface dipoles on the recombination process is discussed. We show...
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Photovoltaic demonstration set up
PublicationThe use of photovoltaics is growing rapidly in the industry as well as households. Therefore, educating the public will help them understand solar cell technology, which is becoming more common in everyday life. This paper proposes a demonstrational set-up of photovoltaic panel for the purpose of science education. It was used in numerous outreach activities such as science fairs. Moreover, it proved to be a great tool for education...
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Low voltage photovoltaic power system
PublicationThe use of photovoltaics is growing rapidly in the industry as well as households. Therefore, educating the public will help them understand solar cell technology, which is becoming more common in everyday life. This paper proposes a demonstrational set-up of photovoltaic panel for the purpose of science education. It was used in numerous outreach activities such as science fairs. Moreover, it proved to be a great tool for education...
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The Analysis of Working Parameters Decrease in Photovoltaic Modules as a Result of Dust Deposition
PublicationThe aspect of dust accumulation on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules should be thoroughly understood in order to minimize possible obstacles affecting energy generation. Several elements affect the amount of pollutant gathered on the surface of a solar device, mainly its localization, which is irreversibly linked to factors such as annual rainfall, occasional snow coverage, or, in a dry climate, increased blow of dust during...
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Photovoltaic phenomena in devices with perfluorozincphthalocyanine layer
PublicationThe course of photovoltaic phenomenon in organic photovoltaic cells utilizing thin layers of perfluorozincphthalocyanine was studied in few single and planar bilayer configurations. Mechanisms of photogeneration and recombination of free charge carriers were determined and active interfaces were localized. In case of single layer cells these interfaces were located at the front electrode/F16ZnPc junctions, whereas photogeneration...
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Organic photovoltaics - chosen aspects
PublicationThere are many types of organic and organic/inorganic (hybrid) photovoltaic devices that possess many beneficial properties over inorganic solar cells. That makes the former suitable for a broad range of applications and hence so much attention is paid to their development. In spite of intensive research carried on this field of science and technology there are still many crucial problems that need to be solved. Extensive knowledge...
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Multifaceted Analyses of Four Different Prototype Lightweight Photovoltaic Modules of Novel Structure
PublicationDynamic growth of photovoltaic capacity in Poland encourages many entities to invest in photovoltaic systems. However, in the case of buildings with low roof-bearing capacity it can be problematic or even impossible to mount conventional PV modules due to their relatively high weight. Hence, the use of lightweight PV modules is a potential solution. In this paper four different prototype silicon lightweight modules of novel structure...
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High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublicationWe analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing...
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The influence of the thickness, recombination and space charge on the loss of photocurrent in organic semiconductors: an analytical model
PublicationWe propose an analytical model of the photocurrent efficiency dependence on the light intensity in organic semiconductors. The influence of the thickness of sample, space charge effects and recombination of charge on the loss of photocurrent has been considered. We demonstrate that the presented model is the enhancement of an analytical model reported recently by Rappaport et al (2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 033714). The method to identify...
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A simple model of the trap-assisted recombination with the excitonic Auger mechanism
PublicationWe present a simple model of the trap-assisted recombination combined with the excitonic Auger mechanism. It has been shown that only six independent transitions of electrons and holes should be taken into account to describe a combination of the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination with this excitonic process. This is in opposition to a well-known model of the SRH mechanism with the free carriers Auger effect via deep states,...
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Photovoltaic Roof Tiles: The Influence of Heat Recovery on Overall Performance
PublicationA photovoltaic (PV) roof tile serves both as a roofing material and as an electricity-producing surface. The main aim of the present study was to increase the overall system efficiency of PV tiles by using heat recovery. The chosen strategy was two-fold: determine the operational efficiency of PV tiles and optimize construction to increase the cooling effect when using air as the working medium. A detailed experimental study was...
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A comprehensive review on economic, environmental impacts and future challenges for photovoltaic-based electric vehicle charging infrastructures
PublicationIn this paper, a comprehensive review of the impacts and imminent design challenges concerning such EV charging stations that are based on solar photovoltaic infrastructures is presented, which is based on state-of-the-art frameworks for PV-powered charging stations and the latest case studies. The main factors that are targeted in this review are the management of an EV charging system that is a composite of PV and public grid,...
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The domination of ionic conductivity in tetragonal phase of the organometal halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xClx
PublicationOrganometal trihalide perovskites have recently gained extreme attention due to their high solar energy conversion in photovoltaic cells. Here, we investigate the contribution of iodide ions to a total conductivity of the mixed lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3−xClx with a use of the modified DC Hebb–Wagner polarization method. It has been identified that an ionic conductivity dominates in tetragonal phase which is associated with room...
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Air-cooled photovoltaic roof tile as an example of the BIPVT system – An experimental study on the energy and exergy performance
PublicationThe air-cooled photovoltaic tile is a subject of presented investigations, which focused on improving the overall system efficiency of PV tiles with heat recovery. The operational efficiency of a PV roof tile, together with the construction optimising the air cooling efficiency, were the main points of plans realized at this research stage. The article describes the experimental research consisting of the assessment of electrical,...
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Exploring the interfacial effects at the ETL/perovskite boundary in the semitransparent perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe recent focus has been made on the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted configuration, where substantial improvements have been already achieved. However, the p–i–n structure needs a buffer layer for most of the configurations to modify the work-function of a deposited electrode. Additionally and very importantly, such a layer can also serve as a protective film that improves a stability of solar cells. Here, we study...
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Experimental and numerical study of thermal and electrical potential of BIPV/T collector in the form of air-cooled photovoltaic roof tile
PublicationAmong renewable energy sources, Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems are gaining increasing interest. To improve their economic competitiveness, technologies that increase their efficiency are searched for. The paper is devoted to evaluating the impact of various air-cooling configurations on the thermal and electrical performance of a photovoltaic roof tile. A numerical model of the own experimental system...
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Influence of excitons interaction with charge carriers on photovoltaic parameters in organic solar cells
PublicationWe report on theoretical analysis of excitons annihilation on charge carriers in organic solar cells. Numerical calculations based on transient one-dimensional drift-diffusion model have been carried out. An impact of three quantities (an annihilation rate constant, an exciton mobility and a recombination reduction factor) on current density and concentrations of charge carriers and excitons is investigated. Finally, we discuss...
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Design and experimental validation of a single-stage PV string inverter with optimal number of interleaved buck-boost cells.
PublicationIncreasing converter power density is a problem of topical interest. This paper discusses an interleaved approach of the efficiency increase in the buck-boost stage of an inverter with unfolding circuit in terms of losses in semiconductors, output voltage ripples and power density. Main trends in the power converter development are reviewed. A losses model was designed and used for the proposed solution to find an optimal number...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
PublicationRecent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type...
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Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized solar cells controlled by different cell architecture
PublicationThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In this work, we propose a detailed mechanism of photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) examined by magnetic field effect (MFE) technique. Here we demonstrate that the magnitude of the MFE on photocurrent in DSSCs can be controlled by the radius and...
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π-Conjugated Donor-acceptor Polyelectrolytes: Toward Artificial Photosynthesis
PublicationGreat advances have been made in the development of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), which provide tunable properties including water solubility and processability, main-chain exciton and charge transport, variable energy light absorption and fluorescence, non-covalent interactions, and formation of tertiary structures via self-assembly.[1] These characteristics allow CPEs to be considered for use in various optoelectronic applications,...
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Voltage profiles improvement in a power network with PV energy sources – results of a voltage regulator implementation
PublicationThe constant increase in the number of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in distribution networks is the cause of serious voltage problems. The networks built at least a dozen years ago are not provided for the installation of a large number of micro-sources. It happens that the previously properly functioning power networks are not able to provide to consumers power with the required parameters, after installing many PV sources....
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Efficiency of exciton splitting in organic photovoltaic cells within EQE spectrum
PublicationThe paper presents a procedure of estimating the efficiency of exciton splitting at ED/EA interface. The procedure consists in evaluation of splitting of excitons into electron-hole pairs on the basis of the external quantum efficiency spectra of planar cells and spectra of absorbance of active organic layers. The fitting parameters are the exciton splitting probabilities at ED/EA interface. The presented procedure was applied...
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Decrease in Photovoltaic Module Efficiency Due to Deposition of Pollutants
PublicationThe deposition of pollutants on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules reduce the efficiency that can be achieved in given climatic conditions. This results in the loss of energy yield obtained from the solar installation. A number of factors determine the scale of this problem. The first of these is the amount of impurities deposited, the associated amount of precipitation, and the speed and direction of the wind. A second aspect...
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Higher harmonics of the intensity modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage spectroscopy response - a tool for studying photoelectrochemical nonlinearities
PublicationIn this work, a higher harmonic analysis (HHA) of the intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage (IMPS/IMVS) spectroscopy data is proposed as a potent tool for studying nonlinear phenomena in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic systems. Analytical solutions of kinetic equations were constructed for cases of single and double resonance accounting for various sources of higher harmonics. These sources correspond to the physical...
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AC-DC-DC Converter for Small Power Energy Storage Systems
PublicationThe energy transformation driven by the development of renewable energy sources has become a reality for all power grid users. Prosumer energy, primarily utilizing photovoltaic installations, is one of the fastest-growing market segments. The advancement of technology, a decrease in electrochemical energy storage prices, and changes in the legal framework governing energy billing for grid-fed power have led to a growing interest...
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Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking...
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Directions of Energy Transition of Uzbekistan
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to present the changes in the Uzbekistan energy market over the past few years. Uzbekistan is self-sufficient in terms of energy resources, the exploitation of which will last for many years. In 2019, the government adopted the "Concept Note ensuring electricity supply in Uzbekistan in 2020-2030" strategy, which announced the modernization of gas and coal power plants and the construction of new energy facilities,...
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Singlet Exciton Diffusion in Vacuum-Evaporated Films of Amine-Based Materials as Studied by Photocurrent and Photoluminescence Quenching Methods
PublicationThe singlet exciton diffusion lengths are determined by the photoconductivity as well as the luminescence surface quenching technique, in vacuum‐evaporated layers of (4,4′,4″‐tris(N‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐N‐phenylylamino) triphenylamine) (m‐MTDATA), 4,4′,4″‐tris[2‐naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2TNATA), and N,N′‐diphenyl‐N,N′‐bis(3‐methylphenyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diamine (TPD) which are frequently used for fabrication of electroluminescent...
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Simulating Power Generation from Photovoltaics in the Polish Power System Based on Ground Meteorological Measurements—First Tests Based on Transmission System Operator Data
PublicationThe Polish power system is undergoing a slow process of transformation from coal to one that is renewables dominated. Although coal will remain a fundamental fuel in the coming years, the recent upsurge in installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) systems should draw significant attention. Owning to the fact that the Polish Transmission System Operator recently published the PV hourly generation time series in this article, we aim...
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Estimation of the Maximum Permissible PV Power to be Connected to the MV Grid
PublicationIn recent decades, a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in power grids at various voltage levels has been observed. A number of articles have been published highlighting emerging problems in low-voltage grids with a large share of prosumers and in medium- and high-voltage grids to which photovoltaic (PV) plants are connected. The article analyzes the medium-voltage grid in terms of the possibility of...
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Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking these...