Search results for: kinetic
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Removal of diphenols using pine biochar. Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and mechanism of uptake
PublicationThermal pyrolysis synthesized activated biochar from the Pinus elliottii sawdust (PS) at 600° C. The obtained activated biochar (PB600) was used for the removal of three diphenols, catechol (CAT), resorcinol (RES), and hydroquinone (HYD), which are utilized mainly in different industries. The PB600 was characterized by several analytical techniques. The BET surface area of 1473 m2.g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.707 cm3 g−1 was...
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The effect of slowly biodegradable substrate on the kinetics of biochemical processes in activated sludge bioreactors
PublicationCelem niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej było określenie wpływu substratu wolnorozkładalnego (w postaci związków koloidalnych i zawiesinowych) na kinetykę wybranych procesów biochemicznych, zachodzących w komorach osadu czynnego (tj. denitryfikacja, uwalnianie i anoksyczny/tlenowy pobór fosforanów oraz pobór tlenu), opierając się na badaniach prowadzonych w dwóch dużych komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków "Wschód" w Gdańsku i "Dębogórze"...
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Polyurethane/Silane-Functionalized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Powder Coatings: Thermal Degradation Kinetics
PublicationA polyurethane (PU)-based powder coating reinforced with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles (V-ZrO2) for thermal stability was developed. Chemical structure, microstructure and thermal degradation kinetics of the prepared coatings were investigated. The peak of aliphatic C–H vibrating bond in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of V-ZrO2 was a signature of VTMS attachment. Scanning electron...
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Kinetics of pollutants removal in vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands in temperate climate
PublicationThis paper reports a comparative study on kinetics of organic matter expressed as BOD5 and nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands operated in Poland. Analyzed data were collected at eight wetland systems, composed of subsurface flow beds: horizontal flow (HF) and vertical flow (VF), in different number and sequences. The analysis involved particularly mass removal rates (MRR) and first-order removal rate coefficients of BOD5...
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The application of Monod equation to denitrification kinetics description in the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
PublicationIn this paper, the kinetic constants Vmax and KCOD occurring in the Monod equation, which describe the denitrification process in the moving bed, are determined. For this purpose, a laboratory moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used. The filling of the reactor consisted of EvU Perl carriers. The experiment was carried out with an excess of nitrate, and denitrification rate was dependent on the concentration of external organic...
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Screening stability, thermochemistry, and chemical kinetics of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid as a bifunctional biodiesel additive
PublicationThe thermo-kinetic aspects of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) pyrolysis in the gas phase were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), specifically the M06-2X theoretical level in conjunction with the cc-pVTZ basis set. The obtained data were compared with benchmark CBS-QB3 results. The degradation mechanism was divided into 16 pathways, comprising 6 complex fissions and 10 barrierless reactions. Energy profiles were calculated...
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Decomposition of xenobiotics during visible light irradiation in the presence of immobilised photosensitisers: kinetics study
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Tb3+ ions in the presence of ZnS:Mn2+ nanocrystals incorporated into silica: Tb3+ and Mn2+ luminescence kinetics
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Kinetics of Intermetallic Phase Precipitation in Manual Metal Arc Welded Duplex Stainless Steels
PublicationThe article presents the influence of heat treatment on the kinetics of transformations in lean duplex LDX2101 steel and a weld made of standard duplex 2209 material, which was welded by manual metal arc welding. Changes in the microstructure, hardness, and magnetic phase content were analyzed after heat treatment was conducted at a temperature of 800 °C for a period ranging from 15 to 1440 min. Light and scanning microscopy, Vickers...
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Salt melt synthesis of curved nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures: ORR kinetics boost
PublicationImplementing metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and revealing crucial chemical or topographical parameters driving their activity are vital for the development of power cells. The carbon-based catalysts are very often synthesized through carbonization of biopolymers, in particular, those one containing nitrogen groups such as chitosan. Unfortunately, the resulting carbonaceous materials usually...
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Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(propylene succinate) prepared with the use of natural origin monomers
PublicationLinear biobased polyester polyols were prepared with the use of succinic acid and 1,3-pro- panediol (both with natural origin). Tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TPT) was used as a catalyst. In order to determine the effect of various synthesis temperature conditions on the thermal degradation kinet- ics, nine sequences of temperature conditions were used during two-step polycondensation reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted...
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Fractional neutron point kinetics equations for nuclear reactor dynamics – Numerical solution investigations
PublicationThis paper presents results concerning numerical solutions to a fractional neutron point kinetics model for a nuclear reactor. The paper discusses and expands on results presented in (Espinosa-Paredes et al., 2011). The fractional neutron point kinetics model with six groups of delayed neutron precursors was developed and a numerical solution using the Edwards’ method was proposed (Edwards et al., 2002). The mathematical model...
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Thermodynamics and kinetics of amphotericin B self-association in aqueous solution characterized in molecular detail
PublicationAmphotericin B (AmB) is a potent but toxic drug commonly used to treat systemic mycoses. Its efficiency as a therapeutic agent depends on its ability to discriminate between mammalian and fungal cell membranes. The association of AmB monomers in an aqueous environment plays an important role in drug selectivity, as oligomers formed prior to membrane insertion – presumably dimers – are believed to act differently on fungal (ergosterol-rich)...
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Effects of the polyhistidine tag on kinetics and other properties of trehalose synthase from Deionococcus geothermalis
PublicationTwo recombinant trehalose synthases from Deinococcus geothermalis (DSMZ 11300) were compared. A significant influence of the artificial polyhistidine tag was observed in protein constitution. The recombinant trehalose synthase from D. geothermalis with His6 -tag has a higher K m value of 254 mM, in comparison with the wild-type trehalose synthase (K m 170 mM), and displayed a lower activity of maltose conversion when compared...
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Understanding the kinetics and atmospheric degradation mechanism of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CF2=CFCl) initiated by OH radicals
PublicationThe atmospheric degradation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) by OH˙ was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The potential energy surfaces were also defined in terms of single-point energies derived from the linked cluster CCSD(T) theory. With an energy barrier of −2.62 to −0.99 kcal mol−1 using the M06-2x method, the negative temperature dependence was determined. The OH˙ attack on Cα and Cβ atoms (labeled pathways...
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Kinetics of Cross-Linking Reaction of Epoxy Resin with Hydroxyapatite-Functionalized Layered Double Hydroxides
PublicationThe cure kinetics analysis of thermoset polymer composites gives useful information about their properties. In this work, two types of layered double hydroxide (LDH) consisting of Mg2+ and Zn2+ as divalent metal ions and CO32− as an anion intercalating agent were synthesized and functionalized with hydroxyapatite (HA) to make a potential thermal resistant nanocomposite. The curing potential of the synthesized nanoplatelets in the...
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Effect of Surface Treatment of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) on the Kinetics of Epoxy Resin Cure with Amines
PublicationThe epoxy/clay nanocomposites have been extensively considered over years because of their low cost and excellent performance. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are unique 1D natural nanofillers with a hollow tubular shape and high aspect ratio. To tackle poor dispersion of the pristine halloysite (P-HNT) in the epoxy matrix, alkali surface-treated HNT (A-HNT) and epoxy silane functionalized HNT (F-HNT) were developed and cured with...
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In-Out Surface Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) for Excellent Cure of Epoxy: Chemistry and Kinetics Modeling
PublicationIn-out surface modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) has been successfully performed by taking advantage of 8-hydroxyquinolines in the lumen of HNTs and precisely synthesized aniline oligomers (AO) of different lengths (tri- and pentamer) anchored on the external surface of the HNTs. Several analyses, including FTIR, H-NMR, TGA, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM, were used to establish the nature of the HNTs’ surface engineering....
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ORF Approximation in Numerical Analysis of Fractional Point Kinetics and Heat Exchange Model of Nuclear Reactor
PublicationThis paper presents results concerning numerical solutions of the fractional point kinetics (FPK) and heat exchange (HE) model for a nuclear reactor. The model consists of a nonlinear system of fractional and ordinary differential equations. Two methods to solve the model are compared. The first one applies Oustaloup Recursive Filter (ORF) and the second one applies Refined Oustaloup Recursive Filter (RORF). Simulation tests have...
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Kinetics of cyclohexane removal by Candida subhashii and Fusarium solani
Open Research DataDataset presents cyclohexane biodegradation in gas phase using two species of microorganisms: Candida Subhashii and Fusarium solani. Biodegradation was carried out in sealed chambers with a capacity of 1000 ml. In each of them there are two discs inhabited with microorganisms, made of polyurethane foam, 80 mm in diameter and 20 mm thick.
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Kinetics of the Adsorption of Copper and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution on to WD-ekstra Activated Carbon
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The kinetics of substitution reaction of oxydiacetate and thiodiacetate copper(II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2’-bipyridine
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Bayesian separation algorithm of THz spectral sources applied to D-glucose monohydrate dehydration kinetics
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Equilibrium and kinetics studies for the adsorption of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions from aqueous solution by graphene oxide
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Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of zinc carboxylates: Preparation of modified acylglycerol emulsifiers.
PublicationZbadano zależności kinetyczne estryfikacji glicerolu kwasami tłuszczowymi (C12:0 - C18:0), prowadzonych w obecności soli cynku tych kwasów tłuszczowych. Przeanalizowano wpływ temperatury, stężenia karboksylanu oraz budowy części hydrofobowej kwasu tłuszczowego i karboksylanu, na postęp reakcji estryfikacji. Wyznaczono wartości odpowiednich stałych szybkości reakcji, energii aktywacji oraz maksymalnej zawartości monoestru glicerolu,...
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High-temperature kinetics study of 430L steel powder oxidized in air at 600–850 °C
PublicationThe 430L stainless steel powder with a mean particle size of 95 μm was studied to determine its high-temperature oxidation properties. Continuous thermogravimetric measurements were carried out for 100 h in air at temperatures in the range of 600–850 °C. Even though a considerable amount of Cr (up to ˜5 wt.% Cr) inside the grains was depleted – especially inside small grains – no breakaway oxidation was observed. This indicates...
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Kinetics study of the fully bio-based poly(propylene succinate) synthesis. Functional group approach
PublicationCurrently, the increasing importance of the bio-based chemical compounds development is visible in the polymer chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science. It is well-known that the various purity level and different contaminants characterize petrochemical-based compounds compared to their biobased counterparts. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the contaminants impact on the bio-based monomers synthesis. One of...
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Recycled Polyurethane as a Second Phase in Thermoset Blends and Its Effect on Thermal Degradation Kinetics Studies
PublicationA new approach is introduced in the modification of thermosetting polymer by using different amount of polyurethane of waste origin. The post consumer polyurethane foam coatings are degraded using glycolysis process and the recycled product is further converted into new polyurethane. The blending of recycled polyurethane with epoxy exhibits transparency and produces nanostructures. The effective interaction between two polymers...
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ORF Approximation in Numerical Analysis of Fractional Point Kinetics and Heat Exchange Model of Nuclear Reactor
PublicationThis paper presents results concerning numerical solutions of the fractional point kinetics (FPK) and heat exchange (HE) model for a nuclear reactor. The model consists of a nonlinear system of fractional and ordinary differential equations. Two methods to solve the model are compared. The first one applies Oustaloup Recursive Filter (ORF) and the second one applies Refined Oustaloup Recursive Filter (RORF). Simulation tests have...
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Crystallization Kinetics and Structural Properties of the 45S5 Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Fiber Doped with Eu3+
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Isothermal Vulcanization and Non-Isothermal Degradation Kinetics of XNBR/Epoxy/XNBR-g-Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) Nanocomposites
PublicationThe effect of several concentrations of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) functionalized halloysite nanotubes (XHNTs) on the vulcanization and degradation kinetics of XNBR/epoxy compounds were evaluated using experimental and theoretical methods. The isothermal vulcanization kinetics were studied at various temperatures by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained indicated that the...
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Dual role of oxygen-related defects in the luminescence kinetics of AlNMn2+
Open Research DataThis dataset presents the impact of temperature and pressure on AlN:Mn2+ luminescence kinetics. Unusual behavior of Mn2+ optical properties during UV excitation is observed, where a strong afterglow luminescence of Mn2+ occurs even at low temperatures. When the temperature increases, the contribution of the afterglow luminescence is further enhanced,...
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The influence of chitosan hydrogel coating on different redox probes kinetics
Open Research DataThis dataset contains cyclic voltammetry studies of three redox probes: 1 mM K3[Fe(CN)6], [K4Fe(CN)6], C12H14FeO2, and [Ru(NH3)6]Cl2 dissolved in 0.1 M KCl or PBS as the primary electrolyte. The studies are made for glassy carbon electrode (GC) and glassy carbon electrode covered with thin chitosan hydrogel membrane (C2A2). Cyclic voltammograms were...
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Kinetics of the photosensitized degradation of benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in homogeneous aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation
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A Single Mutation in a Tunnel to the Active Site Changes the Mechanism and Kinetics of Product Release in Haloalkane Dehalogenase LinB*
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Titanium(IV) Oxide Modified with Activated Carbon and Ultrasounds for Caffeine Photodegradation: Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetics Study
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Folding kinetics of WW domains with the united residue force field for bridging microscopic motions and experimental measurements
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Crystal Structure, Hydration, and Two-Fold/Single-Fold Diffusion Kinetics in Proton-Conducting Ba0.9La0.1Zr0.25Sn0.25In0.5O3−a Oxide
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Sandwich-like mesoporous silica flakes for anticancer drug transport—Synthesis, characterization and kinetics release study
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Adsorption of cationic dyes onto Fe@graphite core–shell magnetic nanocomposite: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics
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Ammonium removal from aqueous solution by natural zeolite, Transcarpathian mordenite, kinetics, equilibrium and column tests.
PublicationOpisano wyniki badań procesu usuwania jonów amonowych z wodnych roztworów modelowych z wykorzystaniem mordenitu-naturalnego zeolitu (w postaci surowej i po odpowiedniej wstępnej obróbce) zarówno w warunkach statycznych jak i dynamicznych. Oszacowano pojemność jonowymienną w stosunku do jonów amonowych (1,64 meq/g) w przypadku, gdy stężenie początkowe analitu było na poziomie 1000 mg/l. Sprawdzono również wpływ na przebieg procesu...
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Crystallization kinetics study of dynamically vulcanized PA6/NBR/HNTs nanocomposites by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry
PublicationInvestigation of crystallization behavior and kinetics of thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites was the subject of limited works because of complexities associated with semiexperimental modeling of such phenomenon in a system containing components having completely different behavior in the molten state. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of dynamically vulcanized PA6/NBR/HNTs thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites was mathematically...
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Thermal decomposition kinetics of dynamically vulcanized polyamide 6-acrylonitrile butadiene rubber-halloysite nanotube nanocomposites
PublicationThermally stable thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 (PA6), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were dynamically vulcanized, and their nonisothermal decomposition kinetics were examined. The Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Wall–Flynn (FWO), and modified Coats–Redfern (m‐CR) isoconversional models were used to obtain information about the kinetics of the thermal...
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Water uptake kinetics and electrical transport in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−δ (M = Tb, Pr, Fe) protonic conductors
PublicationBaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−d (M = Fe, Pr, Tb) is a mixed conducting oxide in which three mobile charge carriers – oxygen ion, electron/hole, and protonic defects – are present. These types of materials have gained much interest as electrode materials for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) and protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). In this study, the water uptake and oxygen transport properties of different BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−d...
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Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes
PublicationElectrochemical oxidation (EO) of organic compounds and ammonium in the complex matrix of landfill leachates (LLs) was investigated using three different boron-doped diamond electrodes produced on silicon substrate (BDD/Si)(levels of boron doping [B]/[C] = 500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm—0.5 k; 10 k, and 15 k, respectively) during 8-h tests. The LLs were collected from an old landfill in the Pomerania region (Northern Poland) and were...
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Thermal utilization of meat and bone meals. Performance analysis in terms of drying process, pyrolysis and kinetics of volatiles combustion
PublicationA development of technology of thermal utilization requires a thorough knowledge of the physicochemical properties, as well as kinetics of combustion of volatiles and char. Due to waste management regulations the meat and bone meal (MBM) is regarded as biofuel constituting one of the alternatives to fossil fuels in the energy market. MBM is a heterogeneous material that may consist of several different fractions. The extensive...
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Kinetics of molecular decomposition under irradiation of gold nanoparticles with nanosecond laser pulses—A 5-Bromouracil case study
PublicationABSTRACT Laser illuminated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) efficiently absorb light and heat up the surrounding medium, leading to versatile applications ranging from plasmonic catalysis to cancer photothermal therapy. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the thermal, optical, and electron induced reaction pathways is required. Here, the electrophilic DNA nucleobase analog 5-Bromouracil (BrU) has been used as a model compound to...
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Sonocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A from aquatic matrices over Pd/CeO2 nanoparticles: Kinetics study, transformation products, and toxicity
PublicationIn this work, different ratios of palladium – cerium oxide (Pd/CeO2) catalyst were synthesized and characterized, while their sonocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of the xenobiotic Bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. Sonocatalytic activity expressed as BPA decomposition exhibited a volcano-type behavior in relation to the Pd loading, and the 0.25Pd/CeO2 catalyst characterized by the maximum Pd dispersion...
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Development, characterization and evaluation of composite adsorbent for the adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution: Isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
PublicationThe purpose of this work focuses on the production and investigations of a new composite material as alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from waste solution. The production method was performed by in-situ thermal activation technology via extrusion process of polymer wastes containing tire rubber (50 wt%) and polyurethane foam (50 wt%) using single-screw extruder under processing temperature...
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Kinetics of photoinducet birefringence in the guest-host system of poly(methyl methacrylate)doped with azobenzene-containing crown ethers
PublicationWykazano występowanie fotoindukowanej dwójłomności dla klasy fotoaktywnych eterów koronowych składających się z reszty azobenzenu i giętkiego fragmentu oligo(oksyetylenowego) o różnej długości. Kinetyka fotoindukowanej dwójłomności była badana dla serii tych eterów koronowych rozpuszczonych w matrycy z polimetakrylanu metylu. Oczekiwano, że kształt cząsteczek koron zapewni względną swobodę reorientacji podczas izomeracji, niezależnie...